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Keiji Yokoyama,Ryo Yamauchi,Kumiko Shibata,Hiromi Fukuda,Hideo Kunimoto,Kazuhide Takata,Takashi Tanaka,Shinjiro Inomata,Daisuke Morihara,Yasuaki Takeyama,Satoshi Shakado,Shotaro Sakisaka 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2
Background/Aims: There is a controversy about the availability of invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices in patients with Child-Pugh class C (CP-C) end-stage liver cirrhosis (LC). We have evaluated the validity of invasive treatment with CP-C end-stage LC patients. Methods: The study enrolled 51 patients with CP-C end-stage LC who had undergone invasive treatment. The treatment modalities included endoscopic variceal ligation in 22 patients, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in 17 patients, and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in 12 patients. We have investigated the overall survival (OS) rates and risk factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment. Results: The OS rate in all patients at one, three, and five years was 72.6%, 30.2%, and 15.1%, respectively. The OS rate in patients who received endoscopic treatment and the BRTO group at one, three, and five years was 67.6%, 28.2% and 14.1% and 90.0%, 36.0% and 18.0%, respectively. The average of Child-Pugh scores (CPS) from before treatment to one month after variceal treatment significantly improved from 10.53 to 10.02 (P=0.003). Three significant factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment included the presence of bleeding varices, high CPS (≥11), and high serum total bilirubin levels (≥4.0 mg/dL). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that patients with a CPS of up to 10 and less than 4.0 mg/dL of serum total bilirubin levels may not have a negative impact on prognosis after invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices despite their CP-C end-stage LC.
A 32-Gb/s Inductorless Output Buffer Circuit with Adjustable Pre-emphasis in 65-㎚ CMOS
Tomoki Tanaka,Keiji Kishine,Akira Tsuchiya,Hiromi Inaba,Daichi Omoto 대한전자공학회 2016 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.5 No.3
Optical communication systems are rapidly spread following increases in data traffic. In this work, a 32-Gb/s inductorless output buffer circuit with adjustable pre-emphasis is proposed. The proposed circuit consists of an output buffer circuit and an emphasis circuit. The emphasis circuit emphasizes the high frequency components and adds the characteristics of the output buffer circuit. We proposed a design method using a small-signal equivalent-circuit model and designed the compensation characteristics with a 65-㎚ CMOS process in detail using HSPICE simulation. We also realized adjustable emphasis characteristics by controlling the voltage. To confirm the advantages of the proposed circuit and the design method, we fabricated an output buffer IC with adjustable pre-emphasis. We measured the jitter and eye height with a 32-Gb/s input using the IC. Measurement results of double-emphasis showed that the jitter was 14% lower, and the eye height was 59% larger than single-emphasis, indicating that our proposed configuration can be applied to the design of an output buffer circuit for higher operation speed.
Keiko Sasaki,Keiji Wada,Yoshiko Tanaka,Teruki Yoshimura,Koozi Matuoka,Takahiko Anno 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.2
The effects of thyme (Thymus vulgarisL.) leaves and its phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol, on theactivities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, i.e., phase I enzymes such as 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) andphase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR), were investigated. Mice were fed witha diet containing thyme (0.5% or 2.0%) or treated orally with thymol (50200 mg/kg) or carvacrol (50200 mg/kg) once aday for 7 successive days, and then the enzyme activities in the livers were analyzed. Dietary administration of 2% thymecaused slightly but significantly higher ECOD, GST, and QR activities by 1.11.4-fold. Thymol (200 mg/kg) treatment re-sulted in significantly higher ECOD, GST, and QR activities by 1.31.9-fold, and carvacrol (200 mg/kg) treatment causedsignificantly higher ECOD, GST, and QR activities by 1.31.7-fold. Thymol-treated animals had significantly higher proteinlevels of GST . and GST ., and carvacrol-treated animals had significantly higher levels of GST .. These results imply thatthyme contains bifunctional inducers (i.e., substances capable of inducing both phase I and phase II enzymes) and that thy-mol and carvacrol may account for the effects of thyme.
Influence of Tool Posture and Position on Stability in Milling with Parallel Kinematic Machine Tool
Muizuddin Azka,Keiji Yamada,Mahfudz Al Huda,Ryutaro Tanaka,Katsuhiko Sekiya 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.12
This paper investigated the machining stability influenced by tool posture and position in ball-end milling with parallel kinematic machine tool (PKM). Initially, the geometric structure was identified, and the machinery stiff ness was measured by impulse respond method at several positions with four tool postures. Then, the milling tests were conducted on fl at work surface using a ball-end mills. Cutting force and acceleration signals of milling tests were measured by three-axis dynamometer and accelerometer. Furthermore, these signals were analyzed by using Fast-Fourier transform and Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). The results showed that the length of arm change with tool posture, where the machinery stiff ness decreased with the total length of arms for any tool position. The experimental results also demonstrated the machining stability varied with tool posture; the trend of stability corresponds with the machinery stiff ness. The vibration analysis by HHT presented the increasing of power level in the time–frequency plot when the length of arm increase during milling process. Therefore, the geometric influence must be considered to support process planning on the PKM.
Simple Routing Control System for 10 Gb/s Data Transmission Using a Frequency Modulation Technique
Daichi Omoto,Keiji Kishine,Hiromi Inaba,Tomoki Tanaka 대한전자공학회 2016 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.5 No.3
This paper describes a simple routing control system. We propose achieving high-speed data transmission without modifying the data frame configuration. To add a routing control signal, called the “labeling signal” in this paper, to the data frame, we use a frequency modulation technique on the transmitted frame. This means you need not change the data frame when you transmit additional signals. Using a prototype system comprising a field-programmable gate array and discrete elements, we investigate the system performance and devise a method to achieve high resolution. A three-channel routing control for a 10 Gb/s data frame was achieved, which confirms the advantages of the proposed system.
Improved Machinability of High Hardened Die Steel by Using Pulsed Laser Surface Treatment
Kamonpong Jamkamon,Keiji Yamada,Takuya Inoue,Katsuhiko Sekiya,Ryutaro Tanaka 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.10
In this study, pulsed laser surface treatment was carried out in order to improve machinability in the shape correction process by ball end milling for forging dies. The die steel with high hardened layer by ion nitrided process was used as a workpiece that was irradiated by pulsed laser, and then milling experiments were performed with inclined workpieces in order to simulate machining for walls of the dies with a draft. The machinability was evaluated from specific cutting force of the material, which was obtained from the cutting force components and the actual depth of cut calculated by tool deflection measured in the machining test. The results of improved machinability were shown as the hardness reduction of surface layer induced by the laser irradiation. Therefore, the laser irradiated surface responded to increase the actual depth of cut and uncut chip thickness, while the tool deflection and specific cutting force were small compared with those for non-irradiated surface.