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日本からみたマレシアの政治的安定性と政間係-ヘゲモニ政制への移行-
Takafuji Hideki 동아시아일본학회 2006 일본문화연구 Vol.20 No.-
In Japan, we have managed to socio-economic development, socio-economic equality and political stability at the same time, and also the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) have established one party dominant party system, particularly through the period of 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Conventionally, as socio-economic development is firstly pursued, socio-economic inequality, especially inequality of income distribution is expanded, economic strikes and political demonstrations may be caused, and as a result political instability may be brought about. In the same way as just like in the case of other developing countries, in that of Malaysia, because the country have had priority over socio-economic development, the inequality had resulted particularly through the period of 1960s and 1970s. But in the case of Malaysia different from those of Japan and the other developing countries, in spite of its socio-economic iiequality, it has enjoyed political stability since 1970s. It seems that this is due to the characteristics of its party system rather than some socio-economic policies by Malaysian government. Thereby, this article tries to consider to what degree the characteristics of Malaysia’s party system, in other word, the “hegemonic party” has increased its inclusiveness in regard to external relations―the second aspect of inclusiveness―and its stability. Therefore the analysis is conducted along three dimensions of relations: namely, the relations among ruling parties, among opposition parties, and between ruling and opposition parties. It appears that based on these analysises the original model of Malaysia’s political development is able to be described as we previously pointed out.
Masafumi Takafuji,Kakuya Kitagawa,Masaki Ishida,Yoshitaka Goto,Satoshi Nakamura,Naoki Nagasawa,Hajime Sakuma 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.1
Objective: Third-generation dual-source computed tomography (3rd-DSCT) allows dynamic myocardial CT perfusion imaging (dynamic CTP) with a 10.5-cm z-axis coverage. Although the increased radiation exposure associated with the 50% wider scan range compared to second-generation DSCT (2nd-DSCT) may be suppressed by using a tube voltage of 70 kV, it remains unclear whether image quality and the ability to quantify myocardial blood flow (MBF) can be maintained under these conditions. This study aimed to compare the image quality, estimated MBF, and radiation dose of dynamic CTP between 2nd- DSCT and 3rd-DSCT and to evaluate whether a 10.5-cm coverage is suitable for dynamic CTP. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 107 patients who underwent dynamic CTP using 2nd-DSCT at 80 kV (n = 54) or 3rd-DSCT at 70 kV (n = 53). Image quality, estimated MBF, radiation dose, and coverage of left ventricular (LV) myocardium were compared. Results: No significant differences were observed between 3rd-DSCT and 2nd-DSCT in contrast-to-noise ratio (37.4 ± 11.4 vs. 35.5 ± 11.2, p = 0.396). Effective radiation dose was lower with 3rd-DSCT (3.97 ± 0.92 mSv with a conversion factor of 0.017 mSv/mGy∙cm) compared to 2nd-DSCT (5.49 ± 1.36 mSv, p < 0.001). Incomplete coverage was more frequent with 2nd-DSCT than with 3rd-DSCT (1.9% [1/53] vs. 56% [30/54], p < 0.001). In propensity score-matched cohorts, MBF was comparable between 3rd-DSCT and 2nd-DSCT in non-ischemic (146.2 ± 26.5 vs. 157.5 ± 34.9 mL/min/100 g, p = 0.137) as well as ischemic myocardium (92.7 ± 21.1 vs. 90.9 ± 29.7 mL/min/100 g, p = 0.876). Conclusion: The radiation increase inherent to the widened z-axis coverage in 3rd-DSCT can be balanced by using a tube voltage of 70 kV without compromising image quality or MBF quantification. In dynamic CTP, a z-axis coverage of 10.5 cm is sufficient to achieve complete coverage of the LV myocardium in most patients.
Enhanced Heuristic Algorithms K-LAG-V and K-LAG-S for the Constrained Via Minimization Problem
Daisuke Takafuji,Toshimasa Watanabe,Yuji Suga 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
CVM requires finding any layer assignment of wire-segments, whose topology has already been given, so that the total number of vias may be minimized. A given topology of wire-segments is called an initial wiring layout. Let kCVM denote CVM in which k layers are available for routing. In this paper, only rectilinear routing is considered. The subject of the paper is to propose heuristic algorithms K-LAG-V and K-LAG-S that are enhanced versions of K-LAG. Based on experimental results, it is shown that they are promising ones for solving kCVM with k ∈ {4, 12}.
高藤英樹(Hideki Takafuji) 동북아시아문화학회 2009 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.18
The characteristics of Japan’s party system has been one party system based on Liberal Democratic Party(LDP) since the end of World War Ⅱ,though the system has been changing itself since early 1990s. In Japan, the end of cold war has been promoting socio‐economic disparity, especially income inequality with deeping of globalization through the 1990s to 2000s and then Japan has experienced a large scale of strains in its socio‐economic aspect. Therefore, in Japan, two party system has been discussed politically and scholarly but one party system based on LDP has essencially sustained although it is a form of a coalition. In that sense, it is said that the party system of Japan has comparatively contributed to political stability since the end of War. This is not only the reason why Japan had experienced political violences and economic strikes less than other countries, but also in Japan political parties themselves at the parliamentary system have played a magnificant role of interest summing up and articulation of citizens and have eventually become a vent of their political discontents. It may be said that the above things —the characteristics of Japan’s party system and their roles or functions—could apply to the counterparts of Malaysia’s party system with multi‐ethnicity defferent from the social context of Japan too as we will discuss later. Similarly as we will concider afterward, a large scale of differences on electoral systems and ethnicity as social cleaverage exists between Japan and Malaysia, but there are following essencial question and analysis in this article, that is, some similarlities in the structures and function of party system exist between Malaysia and Japan. Therefore, this article will analyze Malaysia’s party system in comparison with the counterpart of Japan.
Rana, Ashequl A.,Karim, Mohammad Mainul,Takafuji, Makoto Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1
A new high performance liquid chromatograpgy (HPLC) stationary phase that possesses an internal carbonyl functional group is synthesized by heterogeneous "graft from" method. This new stationary phase, poly (vinyl octadecanoate) grafted silica (Sil-2) is then characterized by different physico-chemical methods such as diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform, suspension state $^1H$ NMR, solid state $^{13}C$ CP/MAS NMR, $^{29}Si$ CP/MAS NMR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Chromatographic properties of Sil-2 were evaluated under reversed phase condition by separating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and comparing the chromatographic results with those on polymeric as well as monomeric octadecylated silica stationary phases.
Ashequl A. Rana,Mohammad Mainul Karim,Makoto Takafuji 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1
A new high performance liquid chromatograpgy (HPLC) stationary phase that possesses an internal carbonyl functional group is synthesized by heterogeneous “graft from” method. This new stationary phase, poly (vinyl octadecanoate)grafted silica (Sil-2) is then characterized by different physico-chemical methods such as diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform, suspension state ^1H NMR, solid state ^13C CP/MAS NMR, ^29Si CP/MAS NMR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Chromatographic properties of Sil-2 were evaluated under reversed phase condition by separating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and comparing the chromatographic results with those on polymeric as well as monomeric octadecylated silica stationary phases.