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Improved Etch Characteristics of Magnetic Tunneling Junction Materials by Using Helium
Park, Sungwoo,Yang, Kyungchae,Lee, Hoseok,Kim, Dongwoo,Baek, Jongung,Shim, Taehun,Park, Jeagun,Yeom, Geunyoung The Electrochemical Society 2017 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.6 No.9
<P>The etch characteristics of magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) materials for spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) using He inductively coupled plasma (ICP) were compared with the etch characteristics of ICP using Ar or CO/NH<SUB>3</SUB> (1:3). The ICP etching using He showed a higher etch selectivity of CoFeB over W and a more anisotropic etch profile compared to the etching using Ar at similar etch rates. The sputter etch characteristics of CoFeB and W were also investigated using the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulation program. The results showed higher sputter etch selectivity of CoFeB over W in addition to narrower angular distribution of the sputtered atoms than those obtained using Ar. The etching of MTJ materials using CO/NH<SUB>3</SUB> (1:3) ICP exhibited good MTJ etch characteristics comparable to He ICP, however, the MTJ etched using CO/NH<SUB>3</SUB> (1:3) showed the lowest saturation magnetization (M<SUB>S</SUB>) measured by a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) possibly due to the sidewall oxidation of MTJ while the M<SUB>S</SUB> values of the MTJ etched using He and Ar are similar. It is found that, by etching the MTJ materials using He ICP with the ion energy near the hardmask sputter threshold energy, highly anisotropic etch profiles could be obtained without forming the sidewall redeposited materials and without significant degradation of magnetic properties.</P>
Renormalization of spin excitations in hexagonal HoMnO3 by magnon-phonon coupling
Kim, Taehun,Leiner, Jonathan C.,Park, Kisoo,Oh, Joosung,Sim, Hasung,Iida, Kazuki,Kamazawa, Kazuya,Park, Je-Geun American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. B Vol.97 No.20
<P>Hexagonal HoMnO3, a two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet, has been studied via inelastic neutron scattering. A simple Heisenberg model with a single-ion anisotropy describes most features of the spin-wave dispersion curves. However, there is shown to be a renormalization of the magnon energies located at around 11 meV. Since both the magnon-magnon interaction and magnon-phonon coupling can affect the renormalization in a noncollinear magnet, we have accounted for both of these couplings by using a Heisenberg XXZ model with 1 /S expansions [ 1 ] and the Einstein site phonon model [13], respectively. This quantitative analysis leads to the conclusion that the renormalization effect primarily originates from the magnon-phonon coupling, while the spontaneous magnon decay due to the magnon-magnon interaction is suppressed by strong two-ion anisotropy.</P>
Kim, TaeHun,Son, Woo Seung,Morshed, Mohammad Neaz,Londhe, Ashwini M.,Jung, Seo Yun,Park, Jong-Hyun,Park, Woo-Kyu,Lim, Sang Min,Park, Ki Duk,Cho, Sung Jin,Jeong, Kyu-Sung,Lee, Jiyoun,Pae, Ae Nim S.E.C.T. [etc.] 2017 European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recovery of mitochondrial dysfunction has gained increasing attention as an alternative therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggested that the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) has the potential to serve as a drug target for the treatment of AD. In this study, we generated a structure-based pharmacophore model and virtually screened a commercial library, identifying <B>SVH07</B> as a virtual hit, which contained a tricyclic core structure, thieno[2′,3’:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-<I>d</I>][1,2,4]triazine group. A series of <B>SVH07</B> analogues were synthesized and their effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production were determined by using neuronal cells under Aβ-induced toxicity. Among these analogues, compound <B>26</B> significantly recovered mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ATP production. In vitro binding assays indicated that <B>SVH07</B> and <B>26</B> showed high affinities to TSPO with the IC<SUB>50</SUB> values in a nanomolar range. We believe that compound <B>26</B> is a promising lead compound for the development of TSPO-targeted mitochondrial functional modulators with therapeutic potential in AD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A series of thieno[2′,3’:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-<I>d</I>][1,2,4]triazine derivatives were identified as mitochondrial functional modulators. </LI> <LI> The two most active compounds, <B>SVH07</B> and <B>26</B>, showed high affinity to TSPO with their IC<SUB>50</SUB> values in a nanomolar range. </LI> <LI> Compound <B>26</B> is a promising lead compound for the development of novel therapeutic agents in AD. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
자외선차단제품의 방부력 확보를 위한 방부제와 자외선 차단제, 제품 포장재의 상관성 연구
박태훈 ( Taehun Park ),곽일영 ( Il Young Kwack ),전기붕 ( Gi Boong Jeon ),김현희 ( Hyun Hee Kim ),김한곤 ( Hankon Kim ),신계호 ( Kyeho Shin ) 대한화장품학회 2010 대한화장품학회지 Vol.36 No.4
화장품에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 대표적인 자외선차단 원료들과 방부제인 phenoxyethanol (PE), 항균효과가 있는 ethylhexylglyceirn (EG)의 분배계수와 흡착도를 측정하여 비교하였고, 제품의 포장재 재질에 따라 PE가 흡착되는 정도를 비교하였다. PE, EG에 대한 11개 자외선 차단제의 분배계수는 EG가 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며 그중 Tinsorb M, Solaveil CT434가 높은 분배계수를 보였다. 40 % 이상의 EG 흡착을 보인 자외선 차단 원료는 Gransil PSQ, UV Titan M 160, Micro TiO2 MT 100 TV였고, Gransil PSQ와 Scadder는 40 % 이상의 PE를 흡착하였다. 또한 PE는 포장재 원료인 polyoxymethylene에 의해 1개월 후 7 ~ 8 % 흡착됨을 확인하였다. 자외선차단제품의 방부처방을 설계할 때 사용되는 자외선 차단제와 방부제와의 상관성을 고려하여 적절한 방부제 및 차단제를 선정해야 적은 방부제로도 최적의 방부력을 갖는 제품 설계가 가능함을 보여준다. 또한 포장재의 종류에 따라 시간이 경과하면서 방부제가 포장재에 흡착되어 방부력이 저하될 수 있음을 확인하였다. We measured and compared the partition coefficients and absorption levels of preservative phenoxyethanol (PE), antimicrobial ethylhexylglycerin (EG) and UV-filters widely used in cosmetic products and more specifically evaluated the relative absorption level of PE depending on various packaging materials. The resulting partition coefficients of 11 UV filters in relation to PE and EG displayed EG with a relatively higher partition coefficients. The partition coefficients of Tinsorb M and Solaveil CT434 were also high. Among the UV-filter ingredients with EG absorption levels exceeding 40 % were Gransil PSQ, UV Titan M 160 and Micro TiO<sub>2</sub> MT 100 TV, whereas Gransil PSQ and Scadder showed PE absorption levels above 40 %. In addition, we confirmed that PE had displayed an absorption level of 7 ~ 8 % as a result of 1 month-long exposure to packaging material polyoxymethylene. This extensive research illustrates the possibility of producing the most potent preservative contents based on studying the relative compatibility between UV-filters and preservatives and selecting the adequate preservatives to be used. Furthermore, preservative level can also decline with passage of time depending on the type of packaging material used.
휴대폰 및 타블렛에 적용되는 Gesture UI의 유사성 검증 : 자연스러운 사용자 경험을 개발하기 위한 실무 사례를 중심으로
김태훈(Taehun Kim),박연우(Yeonwoo Park),박지은(Elliejieun Park),홍나영(Na Young Hong) 한국HCI학회 2011 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Touch 및 Motion Gesture의 사용자 경험을 개발하기 위해서, 본 연구에서는 기능 수행시, 기능을 연상시키기 쉽도록 현실 생활에서 채집한 Gesture를 기능에 대응시켜 설계하는 방법과 기능에 적합한 Gesture를 설계하는 두 가지 방법으로 모바일 기기(휴대폰 및 타블렛)의 Gesture를 도출하였다. 도출된 Gesture가 모바일 기기에서 사용하기 용이한지 판단하기 위해, 한 그룹에 제시된 상황에 적합한 Gesture를 시연하도록 질문하는 방식과 다른 그룹의 사용자에게는 실험 진행자의 시연으로 Gesture를 제시한 후 관련될 수 있는 기능과 특장점 등을 인터뷰하는 두 가지 방식으로 사용자 조사(유사성 검증)를 진행하였다. 해당 조사 결과를 바탕으로 직관성, 상황적절성, 동작편의성이라는 세 가지 기준으로 Gesture를 구분하여 모바일기기에 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구의 Gesture 설계 방법론 및 유사성 검증 방법론은 실생활과 유사성을 갖는 음성 UI 혹은 몸을 활용한 동작인식 등의 Natural User Interface 개발 방법에 적용할 수 있으며, Gesture를 개발하기 전에 상황 기반 연상 및 동작 기반 연상의 두 가지 방식을 적용하고 이를 상호 참조하여 Gesture의 적용 가능성을 검증하는데 의의가 있다. We have designed Touch and Motion gestures for mobile devices such as handsets or tablets through two methods: 1. Observe and collect the user's real life behaviors. Then match those behaviors for the user to intuitively guess to use mobile devices with the Touch and Motion design gestures. 2. Discover user's needs and design those user's needs with gestures that resemble real life behaviors. Besides, we have validated the gesture design through user research by two methods: 1. Suggest some user cases and have users demonstrate the imaginable gestures. 2. Demonstrate the gesture design in front of users and have them guess those functions. As a result, we have designed a user research methodology of validation process with above two ways of user research validation. This process applies the three standards to filter our gesture design with the methodology of validation: intuitiveness, simplicity and decency. Our study of the methodology of developing gesture and the methodology of validation will be applied to other Natural user interface developments such as voice UI and movement recognition of the entire body. We regard it meaningful to suggest the method of gesture validation as it utilizes the way of user cases imagination and the way of gesture imagination.