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Katsurano, M,Niwa, T,Yasui, Y,Shigematsu, Y,Yamashita, S,Takeshima, H,Lee, M S,Kim, Y-J,Tanaka, T,Ushijima, T Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012 Oncogene Vol.31 No.3
Epigenetic fields for cancerization are involved in development of human cancers, especially those associated with inflammation and multiple occurrences. However, it is still unclear when such field defects are formed and what component of inflammation is involved in induction of aberrant DNA methylation. Here, in a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), we identified three CpG islands specifically methylated in colonic epithelial cells exposed to colitis. Their methylation levels started to increase as early as 8 weeks after DSS treatment and continued to increase until colon cancers developed at 15 weeks. In contrast to the temporal profile of DNA methylation levels, infiltration of inflammatory cells spiked immediately after the DSS treatment and then gradually decreased. Exposure of cultured colonic epithelial cells to DSS did not induce DNA methylation and it was indicated that inflammation triggered by the DSS treatment was responsible for methylation induction. To clarify components of inflammation involved, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice that lack functional T- and B-cells were similarly treated. Even in SCID mice, DNA methylation, along with colon tumors, were induced at the same levels as in their background strain of mice (C.B17). Comparative analysis of inflammation-related genes showed that Ifng, Il1b and Nos2 had expression concordant with methylation induction whereas Il2, Il6, Il10, Tnf did not. These results showed that an epigenetic field defect is formed at early stages of colitis-associated carcinogenesis and that functional T and B cells are non-essential for the formation.
Diamond Conditioner Wear Characterizationfor a Copper CMP Process
L. Borucki,Y. Zhuang,R. Kikuma,N. Rikita,T. Yamashita,K. Nagasawa,H. Lee,T. Sun,D. Rosales-Yeomans,A. Philipossian,T. Stout 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.8 No.1
Conditioner wear, copper polish rates, pad temperature and coefficient of friction (COF) are measured for two novel Mitsubishi Materials Corporation designs during an extended wear and polishing test. Both designs are coated with a TeflonTM film to reduce substrate wear and chemical attack. Using optical interferometry, changes in the coating that result in gradual changes in diamond exposure are measured. Theories of the COF, conditioning, and polishing are applied to explain the observed performance differences between the designs.
Uemoto, Y.,Saburi, J.,Sato, S.,Odawara, S.,Ohtake, T.,Yamamoto, R.,Miyata, T.,Suzuki, K.,Yamashita, H.,Irina, C.,Plastow, G.,Mitsuhashi, T.,Kobayashi, E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.10
We performed a genome-wide linkage and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to confirm the existence of QTL affecting Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) induced tumor regression, and to estimate their effects on phenotypic variance in an F2 resource population. The F2 population comprised 158 chickens obtained by crossing tumor regressive White Leghorn (WL) and tumor progressive Rhode Island Red (RIR) lines was measured for tumor formation after RSV inoculation. Forty-three tumor progressive and 28 tumor regressive chickens were then used for genome-wide linkage and QTL analysis using a total of 186 microsatellite markers. Microsatellite markers were mapped on 20 autosomal chromosomes. A significant QTL was detected with marker LEI0258 located within the MHC B region on chromosome 16. This QTL had the highest F ratio (9.8) and accounted for 20.1% of the phenotypic variation. Suggestive QTL were also detected on chromosomes 4, 7 and 10. The QTL on chromosome 4 were detected at the 1% chromosome-wide level explaining 17.5% of the phenotypic variation, and the QTLs on chromosome 7 and 10 were detected at the 5% chromosome-wide level and explained 11.1% and 10.5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. These results indicate that the QTLs in the non-MHC regions play a significant role in RSV-induced tumor regression. The present study constitutes one of the first preliminary reports in domestic chickens for QTLs affecting RSV-induced tumor regression outside the MHC region.
Diamond Conditioner Wear Characterization for a Copper CMP Process
Boruckia, L.,Zhuang, Y.,Kikuma, R.,Rikita, N.,Yamashita, T.,Nagasawa, K.,Lee, H.,Sun, T.,Rosales-Yeomans, D.,Philipossian, A.,Stout, T The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2007 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.8 No.1
Conditioner wear, copper polish rates, pad temperature and coefficient of friction (COF) are measured for two novel Mitsubishi Materials Corporation designs during an extended wear and polishing test. Both designs are coated with a $Teflon^{TM}$ film to reduce substrate wear and chemical attack. Using optical interferometry, changes in the coating that result in gradual changes in diamond exposure are measured. Theories of the COF, conditioning, and polishing are applied to explain the observed performance differences between the designs.