Three Hybrid Japanese Joyceans: Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Sei Ito and Haruki Murakami

( Eishiro Ito ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2012 제임스조이스저널 Vol.18 No.2

In Japan, many novelists, especially naturalistic writers, have struggled to show their originality and have written novels dealing with the author`s private life or using autobiographical details since the early twentieth century. In Japan, since the introduction of Joyce by Yonejiro Noguchi in 1918, many ambitious novelists, including the first Korean modernist writer Taewon Park, were influenced by Joyce`s innovative narrative technique, styles and methods of Modernism while they also learned how to write fictions with the autobiographical elements from him. Akutagawa left a memorandum in which he confessed how he was shocked with Joyce`s narrative method used in the first chapter of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Ito began to struggle to translate the whole text of Ulysses into Japanese soon after reading it. Probably their reactions to Joyce`s works were not unusual for Japanese novelists at that time. Haruki Murakami is different from the two precursors in that reading Japanese translations of foreign novels affected his style in Japanese. Japanese Joycean writers have learned or borrowed some literary techniques from Marcel Proust and Joyce; especially, the interior monologue and the stream-of- consciousness. However, none of the three Japanese writers seem to have succeeded to use those techniques. It is noted that both Akutagawa and Ito were influenced by Irish literature, characteristically first by Yeats` poetry and then by Joyce`s novels. Both learned Romantic poetry and then transitioned to write fictions starting autobiographical novels like Joyce. Although Murakami has a more complicated literary background than these two writers, he is also influenced by Proust and nineteenth-century European writers as well as American hard-boiled writers. For these three hybrid Japanese writers, James Joyce is a very provocative writer. They enthusiastically learned Western literature and tried to compound the elements of traditional Japanese literature and Western literature to create their hybrid literature.

일본어교육 교과서의 접속조사 “ト”의 조건표현 -만화, 평론, 일본어교육 교과서 용례 비교로부터-

이토사치코 ( Ito Sachiko ) 한국일본어교육학회 2016 日本語敎育 Vol.0 No.75

This study is based on two preceding studies on the usage of conjunctive particle “TO” in spoken language (Ito, 2007) and in written language (Ito, 2006), and aimed to verify the validity of example sentences in Japanese language education textbooks (“The Textbooks”), focusing on example sentences of the usage of “TO”. By comparing the characteristics of “TO” which are newly extracted from The Textbooks and that of “TO” in these preceding studies. The study was conducted by extracting example sentences of “TO” from various publications: 732 examples from comic books, 609 from critic essays, and 403 from The Textbooks (“Three Materials”). Extracted examples were classified into 36 classifications and observed. As a result of this study, three common characteristics of “TO” were observed in all Three Materials (comic books, critic essays, and The Textbooks). Firstly, there is a cause-and-result relationship between the clauses before and after “TO”. Secondly, most of the example sentences from Three Materials end with present tense. Thirdly, when an example sentence ends with present tense, in most of the case the example sentence shows “general conditions” (Suzuki, 1986), in another words, the sentence described a general nature which does not change by repetition. This results verified the validity of the example sentences in The Textbook, in terms of the basic characteristics of “TO”. This study also pointed out that more of example sentences of the usage of “TO” in the current Japanese language education textbooks are in the form of written language, rather than spoken language.

Local Bifurcation and Instability Theory Applied to Formability Analysis

B.D. Buco,M.C. Oliveira,J.L. Alves,L.F. Menezes,K. Ito,N. Mori 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6

Sheet metal forming components are typically studied with the aid of finite element method based virtual tryout tools, since they allow to save money, time and effort in the design, production and process set-up of deep drawn parts. In all these development phases the analysis of defects is performed with the aid of the material forming limit diagram (FLD), since it allows defining a safe region that reduces: (i) necking; (ii) wrinkling and (iii) large deformation occurrence. It is known that the FLD represented in the strain space presents some disadvantages. The local bifurcation criterion proposed by Ito and Goya defines the critical state for a local bifurcation to set in, as a function of the stress level to work-hardening rate ratio. Thus, the main advantage is that the FLD represented in the stress plane is completely objective [1]. In this work the Ito and Goya model is used to evaluate formability, as well fracture mode and direction along different strain paths: (i) uniaxial tension; (ii) equibiaxial stretch; and (iii) plane-strain. All numerical simulations are performed with the in-house code DD3IMP [2, 3] and NXT [4] in which the Ito and Goya model is implemented, is applied to analyze the results.

A pilot study for construction of a new cadmium-sensing yeast strain carrying a reporter plasmid with the JLP1 promoter

Ito-Harashima, Sayoko,Mizutani, Yui,Nishimura, Motoshi,Kim, Hyo Jeong,Kim, Yeo Jin,Kim, Hyun Soo,Bae, Ji Hye,Koedrith, Preeyaporn,Kawanishi, Masanobu,Seo, Young Rok JAPANESE SOCIETY OF TOXICOOGICAL SCIENCES 2017 JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.42 No.1

現代川柳における語彙·技法·内容の一断面 -「サラリーマン川柳」に見る特徴と現代日本人の心象風景-

Ito Takao 한국일본어학회 2014 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.39

本研究では一般の人々を対象とした現代川柳のうち、認知度の高い「サラリーマン川柳」を資料として、語彙·技法·内容という観点から、その特徴について分析すると共に、内容から浮かび上がる現代日本人の心象風景の一断面について、観察を試みた。その結果、語彙·主題(内容)共に「妻」に関するものが最も多く、技法の面では言葉のリズム(韻)を重要視するとともに、字体の類似性を活用したり、語彙の類義性や対照性を利用するなど、多様な方法で独特の「穿ち」「軽み」「おかしみ」が表現されていた。また、内容面では「妻」とともに「仕事」「高齢者」が主題として好まれており、「妻」に関する句では、夫の立場から詠まれたものが多く、愚痴を言いつつも、円満に過ごしたいと願う姿が見て取れた。また「仕事」を主題とした句には上司に対する不満が多くを占めるとともに、雇用問題などの社会問題も取り上げられていた。そして「高齢者」に関する句では、自身の老化が懸念されつつも、高齢化社会の中で元気に活躍する高齢者たちの姿が表れていた。

Timing Performance Study of New Fast PMTs With LYSO for Time-of-Flight PET

Ito, M.,Jin Pyo Lee,Jae Sung Lee IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.60 No.1

<P>Most efforts at developing time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) instruments have focused on improving their time resolution, which is affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two new fast photomultiplier tubes (PMT) (Hamamatsu R9800 and R11194) for use as a TOF-PET detector, and to investigate the correlation of time resolution with time discrimination methods, the properties of the PMTs, the locations of the scintillation crystal on the PMT, and the size of the scintillation crystal. The PMTs evaluated in this study have fast rise time and short time jitter. The performance evaluation of the PMTs was conducted using a LYSO scintillation crystal. A <SUP>22</SUP>Na source was placed between the testing detector and a reference detector (with a time resolution of 200 ps), and data were acquired by using the coincidence trigger of the two detectors. To determine the optimal time discrimination method, time resolutions were obtained using a leading-edge discriminator (LED) with various thresholds and a constant-fraction discriminator (CFD) with various CFD delays. The effects on time resolution of PMT properties, the crystal position on the PMT, and the size of the crystal were observed. Based on the comparison of time resolutions obtained by various time discrimination setups, the optimal setup was determined to be CFD with 1.0 ns CFD delay. When these PMTs were coupled with 4 mm × 4 mm ×10 mm LYSO crystal and CFD with 1.0 ns delay was used for time discrimination, the average time resolution (FWHM) for 7 R9800 was 200.5 ps and for 7 R11194 was 227.8 ps. The average energy resolutions were 11.1% and 11.8%, respectively. Time resolutions at the edge of the PMT were degraded due to light collection loss and worse transit time jitter. Time resolutions were inversely proportional to the square root of the numbers of photoelectrons per pulse. The numbers of photoelectrons increased proportionately with the blue sensitivity of individual PMTs. Time resolutions have a distinct dependence as a function of the length and cross-section of the crystal. The new fast PMT coupled with LYSO crystals allow for the improvement of timing performance in TOF-PET detectors. The results of this study will be of value as a guideline for optimizing the TOF-PET detector design using the fast PMTs.</P>

Comparative Study of Tetrahydrothiophene and Thiophene Self Assembled Monolayers on Au(111): Structure and Molecular Orientation

Ito, Eisuke,Hara, Masahiko,Kanai, Kaname,Ouchi, Yukio,Seki, Kazuhiko,Noh, Jaegeun Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.8

Surface structure and molecular orientation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by the spontaneous adsorption of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) and thiophene (TP) on Au(111) were investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and carbon K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. STM imaging revealed that THT SAMs have a commensurate (3 ${\times}\;2\sqrt[]{3}$) structure containing structural defects in ordered domains, whereas TP SAMs are composed of randomly adsorbed domains and paired molecular row domains that can be described as an incommensurate packing structure. The NEXAFS spectroscopy study showed that the average tilt angle of the aliphatic THT ring and $\pi$-conjugated TP ring in the SAMs were calculated to be about $30^o\;and\;40^o$, respectively, from the surface normal. It was also observed that the $\pi$* transition peak in the NEXAFS spectrum of the TP SAMs is very weak, suggesting that a strong interaction between $\pi$-electrons and the Au surface arises during the self-assembly of TP molecules. In this study, we have clearly demonstrated that the surface structure and adsorption orientation of organic SAMs on Au(111) are strongly influenced by whether the cyclic ring is saturated or unsaturated.

Absorption Spectroscopy of Biological Specimens Near X-ray Absorption Edges of Constituent Elements

Ito, Atsushi,Shinohara, Kunio Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2

Absorption spectra of biological specimens in the soft X-ray region have been presented with special reference to the XANES (X-ray absorption Near Edge Structure) of constituent elements. Absorption spectrum in this wavelength region is characterized by the absorption edges from which elemental content could be derived. In addition, XANES has a characteristic profile for chemical environment around the element such as chemical bond. Using the specific absorption peak we can assign not only the chemical bond but also molecules having such a chemical bond. In the present paper, absorption spectrum of DNA was measured in the wavelength range from 1.5nm to 5nm. Spectrum of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells was compared with the DNA spectrum. XANES were distinct at the K absorption edges of major elements, C, N and O. In the spectrum of the cells prominent peaks at the L absorption edge of minor element Ca were also detectable. XANES profiles in small local areas in a cell could also be measured in combination with X-ray microscopy. These give information about local chemical environment in a cell. XANES at the phosphorus K absorption edge in a human HeLa cell was successfully obtained corresponding to a sharp and intensive XANES peak of DNA.

現代高校生の語彙表現と心象風景の一斷面 -「高校生川柳」における語彙と主題を中心に-

( Ito Takao ),( Oike Shin ) 고려대학교 일본학연구센터 2015 일본연구 Vol.23 No.-

本稿は「高校生川柳」を對象として、「語彙」と「主題」という觀点から、今を生きる日本の高校生の言語表現の特徵を分析し、彼らの胸の內に映じた心象風景の一端を描き出そうとした。その結果、まず語彙という觀点では「母」が最も多く用いられており、そのほか、家族と自分に觀する語彙、季節.天候に關する語彙、家族以外の身近な人ケに關する語彙、情意的語彙、言語表現に關する語彙など、多樣な語彙に樣ケな意味や心情を託し、巧みな比喩や諷刺, ユ-モアなどを用いて、自らの心の懊にある世界觀を見事に表現していた。また、主題という觀点では、勉强.受驗に關する內容が最も多くを占めたが、そのほかにも學校生活や家族との關係、日常生活から社會問題におよぶまで、多岐にわたる分野の事柄を題材としており、彼らの關心の幅廣さが表れていた。そして、作品全般を通して、樣ケな現實の課題に腦みながらも、夢を持って一步一布、懸命に生きる日本の高校生の樣子が、生き生きと描かれていた。 The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the vocabulary used by Japanese high school students in modern society, centering on “High School Students’ senryu,” and imagined scenery. With respect to vocabulary, the results of the analysis showed that the most commonly used word was “mother,” and other frequently used vocabulary included words that were related to one’s family and oneself, weather and seasons, people around oneself other than one’s family, as well as sentimental words and words related to linguistic expressions. Students used diverse vocabulary to convey various meanings and sentiments and even used figure of speech, satire, and humor to express their worldviews. The most common theme, on the other hand, was related to studying and college entrance. Other common themes were school life, family relationships, and social issues. A wide range of themes were touched upon, showing that the students had broad interests. In all of the works, it was revealed that the students were striving toward their dreams despite the various real challenges and issues they were dealing with.

Importance of sandy bottoms in coral reefs to the oscillation of daily rhythms in the tropical wrasse <i>Halichoeres trimaculatus</i>

Ito-Takeuchi, Hitomi,Takahashi, Kai,Bouchekioua, Selma,Yamauchi, Chihiro,Takeuchi, Yuki,Hur, Sung-Pyo,Lee, Young-Don,Takemura, Akihiro Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2017 Chronobiology international Vol.34 No.8

<P>Most wrasse species swim during the day and bury themselves in the sandy bottoms of shallow reefs at night. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of sandy bottoms to the day-active/ night-inactive rhythmicity of the tropical wrasse Halichoeres trimaculatus. Actogram analysis revealed that fish were active during the photophase and inactive during the scotophase in aquariums with both sandy and bare bottoms. When fish were kept in aquariums with bare bottoms, rhythmicity was maintained under constant dark conditions (DD) but became obscured under constant light conditions (LL), suggesting that a day-active/night-inactive rhythmicity is regulated by the circadian system. Robust fluctuations in Period1 (wPer1) and Period2 (wPer2) expression were observed in the pectoral fin tissue under light-dark conditions (LD). Similar fluctuations in wPer1 expression persisted under DD. When fish were kept under LD conditions for 7 days and then DD for 20 days, the emergence of fish from the sandy bottom was delayed gradually. At the same time, the peak time of wPer1 expression under DD was retarded from 06: 00 to 10:00. Although wPer2 expression was dampened under DD, it increased after exposing fish to light. These results suggest that wPer1 and wPer2 are differentially involved in the day-active/ night-inactive rhythmicity, and that blocking light with a sandy bed at night and exposing fish to light during emergence in the morning play important roles in maintaining consistent activities in wrasse species.</P>