Mid-foot retinaculum: an unrecognized entity

Swathi,Geetha Gangadaran Nellithala,Sunita Arvind Athavale 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.3

Retinacula are thickenings of deep fascia in the region of joints that hold down the tendons preventing them from bowing out of position. In the region of ankle, number of such retinacula have been described. Retinacula like superior and inferior extensor retinacula have been described which hold down the tendons of leg muscles passing to the foot beneath them. As the extensor tendons of the leg have more distal attachment to the toes, the present study was conducted to ascertain the presence of any additional retinaculum in the mid-foot region, which would tie down the tendons for their effective action at the distal joints. The aim was also to determine the attachments of the retinaculum, if present as well as the structures passing beneath them. Fifty cadaveric feet were dissected carefully for this purpose. Presence of an additional extensor retinaculum distal to the inferior band of inferior extensor retinaculum in the mid-foot region was found in 22 feet. Besides the extensor tendons, medial terminal branch of deep peroneal nerve and dorsalis pedis artery was found to pass beneath the retinaculum. A partial or complete mid-foot retinaculum existed in the mid-foot region covering the tarsometatarsal joints in about half of study population. Functionally, this retinaculum may prevent bowstringing of the extensor tendons, clinically it may predispose to entrapment of deep peroneal nerve mimicking anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome.

Issues in Holistic Assessment of Writing and Directions for Future Research

( Swathi Vanniarajan ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2005 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Holistic assessment is generally the tool of assessment used in almost all higher education settings for evaluating student writing samples produced in placement and exit examinations for academic writing classes. The major reasons for its use are its practicality and efficiency in terms of time in light of the reality that writing instructors teach multiple writing classes, and consequently, only a few instructor-raters are available to assess a large number of writing samples within a short period of time. Holistic evaluation has attained a great deal of face validity because of its wide use, and importantly, its reliability and validity have been often taken for granted by the writing instructors and program administrators. An in depth study of the tool per se, however, reveals that it has certain serious empirically ul1veri fied, unresolved and unstudied issues. For example, no study has so far shown what the goals of holistic evaluation are, how it conforms to construct validity, why rater reliability is to be preferred in lieu of instrument validity, whether holistic evaluation is a natural reading process, and so on. In fact, there is not even one full length in-depth research study that has attempted to show how holistic evaluation as a process works and under what cognitive, affective, and evaluative constraints do the raters process the student writing samples. An attempt has been made in this paper to highlight some of these major issues so that future research studies can focus on these concerns. Till then, it is recommended in this paper that holistic assessment is used as an assessment tool with great care and prudence since its issues may outweigh its benefits. The concluding section contains suggestions for future research.

Iron doped vanadium sulfide anemone like nanorod structure for electrochemical water oxidation

Swathi S.,Yuvakkumar R.,Ravi G.,S.I. Hong,Babu E. Sunil,Velauthapillai Dhayalan,Algarni Tahani Saad,Al-Mohaimeed Amal M. 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.21 No.-

Bare and Fe doped vanadium sulfide nanorods was synthesized by employing sol-gel method. The obtained (011) plane revealed and confirmed the orthorhombic phase of vanadium sulfide (VS). Fe doped vanadium sulfide anemone like nanorods structure were demonstrated by morphological evolution employing SEM studies. FTIR studies confirmed the vibrational frequencies of the prepared samples and identify the functional groups. Raman technique is also used to observe the vibrational modes of molecules and PL revealed the prepared samples optical-electronic nature. Additionally, electrochemical studies such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoampherometry (CA) was recorded for determination of specific capacitance, current density and stability. High doped vanadium sulfide has elevated 1372 F/g specific capacitance at 385 mA/g current density attained from CV and LSV curves at 10 mV/s and it has proven the excellent OER activity.

The Level of Diabetes Knowledge and Related Factors among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Hyderabad, India

Swathi Yalamala,Eunyoung, E. Suh 한국성인간호학회 2018 성인간호학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Scalability Improvement and Analysis of Permissioned-Blockchain

Swathi P.,M. Venkatesan 한국통신학회 2021 ICT Express Vol.7 No.3

Through the Bitcoin application, the innovative technology was miraculously launched in the markets, influencing numerous industries. Bitcoin is nothing but a form of digital currency (cryptocurrency) that can be used for trading in place of fiat money, where the underlying infrastructure is called Blockchain. The Blockchain is an open ledger that provides decentralization, transparency, immutability, and confidentiality. Blockchain can be used in massive, beneficial applications such as healthcare, logistics, supply chain management, the Internet of Things (IoT), etc. Most of the industrial applications rely on the permissioned Blockchain. However, the permissioned Blockchain fails in some aspects, such as scalability and throughput. This paper suggests a system to solve the scalability issue of permissioned Blockchain by incorporating data science techniques. The scalability analysis of the proposed solution is done in the hyperledger fabric framework with a variable number of transactions and results in scalability improvement.

Posterior superior alveolar nerve block alone in the extraction of upper third molars: a prospective clinical study

Swathi Tummalapalli,Ravi Sekhar M,Naga Malleswara Rao Inturi,Venkata Ramana Murthy V,Rama Krishna Suvvari,Lakshmi Prasanna Polamarasetty 대한치과마취과학회 2023 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.23 No.4

Background: Third molar extraction is the most commonly performed minor oral surgical procedure in outpatient settings and requires regional anesthesia for pain control. Extraction of the maxillary molars commonly requires both posterior superior alveolar nerve block (PSANB) and greater palatine nerve block (GPNB), depending on the nerve innervations of the subject teeth. We aimed to study the effectiveness of PSANB alone in maxillary third molar (MTM) extraction. Methods: A sample size comprising 100 erupted and semi-erupted MTM was selected and subjected to study for extraction. Under strict aseptic conditions, the patients were subjected to the classical local anesthesia technique of PSANB alone with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride and adrenaline 1:80,000. After a latency period of 10 min, objective assessment of the buccal and palatal mucosa was performed. A numerical rating scale and visual analog scale were used. Results: In the post-latency period of 10 min, the depth of anesthesia obtained in our sample on the buccal side extended from the maxillary tuberosity posteriorly to the mesial of the first premolar (15%), second premolar (41%), and first molar (44%). This inferred that anesthesia was effectively high until the first molars and was less effective further anteriorly due to nerve innervation. The depth of anesthesia on the palatal aspect was up to the first molar (33%), second molar (67%), and lateromedially; 6% of the patients received anesthesia only to the alveolar region, whereas 66% received up to 1.5 cm to the mid-palatal raphe. In 5% of the cases, regional anesthesia was re-administered. An additional 1.8 ml PSANB was required in four patients, and another patient was administered a GPNB in addition to the PSANB during the time of extraction and elevation. Conclusion: The results of our study emphasize that PSANB alone is sufficient for the extraction of MTM in most cases, thereby obviating the need for poorly tolerated palatal injections.

Development and long-term operation of aerobic granular system for simultaneous removal of COD, nitrogen, and phosphorous in a conical SBR

Swathi Desireddy,Sneha Madhavan,Sabumon P. C. 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.3

This study evaluates the performance of a simple sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with conical geometric configuration in terms of aerobic granulation and simultaneous removal of COD, nitrogen, and phosphorous from synthetic wastewater. The reactor was operated for 328 days in 3 different phases. Stable granules measuring around 0.9±0.3 mm with good settling properties were formed in phase III of operation. Optimum removals of COD (90%), NH4+-N (91%), total nitrogen (87%), and PO43−-P (83%) were achieved in phase III, while the influent concentrations were COD (640±32 mg/L), NH4+-N (53±2.5 mg/L), and PO43−-P (9±0.6 mg/L). Mixed liquor suspended solids increased from 0.26 g/L to 2.3 g/L while sludge volume index (SVI30) decreased from 380 mL/g to 65 mL/g during start-up to end of the study, respectively. The conical geometry induces an effective velocity gradient along with aeration in the reactor for better flocculation of biomass which has a good impact on the formation of stable and resistant aerobic granules. This system in conical SBR is advantageous as it attains simultaneous nutrient removal (CNP) with effective biomass retention without automatic process control. This treatment system has the potential to employ in low volume wastewater treatment in many decentralized applications.

Load Flow Analysis based on Backward/Forward Sweep using Graph Theory in Distribution Network

Vinayagamoorthi Swathi,Hyun-Woo Kim(김현우),Seon-Ju Ahn(안선주),Sang-Yun Yun(윤상윤),Joon-Ho Choi(최준호) 대한전기학회 2023 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.7

A comparative study of classification and prediction of Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVD) using Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques

M. Swathy,K. Saruladha 한국통신학회 2022 ICT Express Vol.8 No.1

Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVD) is found to be rampant in the populace leading to fatal death. The statistics of a recent survey reports that the mortality rate is expanding due to obesity, cholesterol, high blood pressure and usage of tobacco among the people. The severity of the disease is piling up due to the above factors. Studying about the variations of these factors and their impact on CVD is the demand of the hour. This necessitates the usage of modern techniques to identify the disease at its outset and to aid a markdown in the mortality rate. Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining domains have a research scope with their enormous techniques that would aassist in the prediction of the CVD priory and identify their behavioural patterns in the large volume of data. The results of these predictions will help the clinicians in decision making and early diagnosis, which would reduce the risk of patients becoming fatal. This paper compares and reports the various Classification, Data Mining, Machine Learning, Deep Learning models that are used for prediction of the Cardio-Vascular diseases. The survey is organized as threefold: Classification and Data Mining Techniques for CVD, Machine Learning Models for CVD and Deep Learning Models for CVD prediction. The performance metrics used for reporting the accuracy, the dataset used for prediction and classification, and the tools used for each category of these techniques are also compiled and reported in this survey.

Cancer targeting potential of bioinspired chain like magnetite (Fe3O4) nanostructures

S. Swathi,Fuad Ameen,G. Ravi,R. Yuvakkumar,S.I. Hong,Dhayalan Velauthapillai,Muneera D.F. AlKahtani,M. Thambidurai,Cuong Dang 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.8

Iron is significant, earth abundant and inexpensive materials in everyday use. Non toxicity and clean manufacturing process is still a challenging role in scientific world. The chain like Fe3O4 nanostructures were synthesized using the mixtures such as iron nitrate and Rambutan. Magnetite Fe3O4 was verified using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Metal oxide (Fe–O) and A1g and Eg phonon modes are substantiated employing Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectra. A product chemical state was investigated by high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. Chain like morphology and polycrystalline nature is attributed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Weight loss activity was revealed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. In application studies, higher concentration of Fe3O4 nanostructures was more effective than the low concentration. Moreover, cytotoxicity effects and cell viability on human cancer cell lines were observed and tested for cancer treatment.