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A NEW LOOK AT AN ANCIENT ORDER: GENERIC REVISION OF THE BANGIALES (RHODOPHYTA)
Sutherland, Judith E.,Lindstrom, Sandra C.,Nelson, Wendy A.,Brodie, Juliet,Lynch, Michael D. J.,Hwang, Mi Sook,Choi, Han‐,Gu,Miyata, Masahiko,Kikuchi, Norio,Oliveira, Mariana C.,Farr, Tracy,Neef Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of phycology Vol.47 No.5
<P>The red algal order Bangiales has been revised as a result of detailed regional studies and the development of expert local knowledge of Bangiales floras, followed by collaborative global analyses based on wide taxon sampling and molecular analyses. Combined analyses of the nuclear SSU rRNA gene and the plastid RUBISCO LSU (<I>rbc</I>L) gene for 157 Bangiales taxa have been conducted. Fifteen genera of Bangiales, seven filamentous and eight foliose, are recognized. This classification includes five newly described and two resurrected genera. This revision constitutes a major change in understanding relationships and evolution in this order. The genus <I>Porphyra</I> is now restricted to five described species and a number of undescribed species. Other foliose taxa previously placed in <I>Porphyra</I> are now recognized to belong to the genera <I>Boreophyllum</I> gen. nov., <I>Clymene</I> gen. nov., <I>Fuscifolium</I> gen. nov., <I>Lysithea</I> gen. nov., <I>Miuraea</I> gen. nov., <I>Pyropia</I>, and <I>Wildemania</I>. Four of the seven filamentous genera recognized in our analyses already have generic names (<I>Bangia</I>, <I>Dione</I>, <I>Minerva</I>, and <I>Pseudobangia</I>), and are all currently monotypic. The unnamed filamentous genera are clearly composed of multiple species, and few of these species have names. Further research is required: the genus to which the marine taxon <I>Bangia fuscopurpurea</I> belongs is not known, and there are also a large number of species previously described as <I>Porphyra</I> for which nuclear SSU ribosomal RNA (nrSSU) or <I>rbc</I>L sequence data should be obtained so that they can be assigned to the appropriate genus.</P>
Adventure-based Learning and Reflection: The Journey of One Cohort of Teacher Candidates
Sue Sutherland,James Ressler,Paul T. Stuhr 한국체육학회 2011 International journal of human movement science Vol.5 No.2
Adventure-based learning (ABL) consists of a deliberate sequence of activities that foster the personal and social development of participants (Cosgriff, 2000). Participation in ABL programs help to foster an increased level of self-awareness which can then be applied to other areas of the participant’s life. The mechanism to help participants to reflect on the learning that has occurred in an ABL program is called the debrief, and it is one of the most important aspects of ABL. The purpose of this study was to explore, through the lens of experiential learning (Jarvis, 2004), how teacher candidates (TCs) in one Physical Education Teacher Education program learned to incorporate a meaningful debrief (reflection) in a five day ABL unit. An interpretive qualitative research design utilizing a case study approach was employed to explore the experiences of TCs learning to incorporate a meaningful debrief during an ABL unit. Data were collected through three different sources: observations, interviews, daily reflections (called critical friends). Data were analyzed using line by line coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) and constant comparison (Patton, 2002) resulting in two themes: Technical vs practical understanding and learning to guide not teach. The TCs in this study demonstrated that the primary experience of both participating in and teaching an ABL unit resulted in reflective cognitive learning (Jarvis, 2004) that further developed their biographies related to incorporating a meaningful debrief in their lessons.
Economic Impact and Revenue Analysis of the Olympic and Winter Olympic Games
Ian Sutherland,Gunhee Lee,Soeon Park 한국관광연구학회 2015 관광연구저널 Vol.29 No.4
Our research sheds light on two aspects of the Olympics. First, our research looks at the direct and indirect economic effects of the upcoming Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games on the South Korean economy using input-output analysis through inter-industry relation tables. The input-output table used in our study is a reconstruction of a larger table using only industries that are impacted most by the hosting of the Olympic Games. As a result, we found a 2 million dollar increase in production and 0.56 million dollars in supply shortage resulting from hosting the Pyeongchang Olympic Games. Particularly, it is shown that the Olympic industries will grow the Electronics & Electrical Equipment and Real Estate & Business Services industries more than others based on their expected production inducement and supply shortages. The second half of our research uses regression and exploratory analysis of past Olympic and Winter Olympic direct revenue sources to determine characteristics that result in the successful or unsuccessful hosting of the Olympics. When adjusted for event size, two themes appear in classifying the successfulness of hosting the Olympics. The first is a resulting relative increase in licensing and sponsorship revenues by large countries. The second theme is relatively higher revenues from ticketing and broadcasting in countries where the first language is English. Combining these factors, a very rough estimation of $2.6 billion of direct revenues is forecast for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea
Care Enacted by Two Elementary Physical Education Teachers and Their Students
Paul T. Stuhr,Sue Sutherland,Phillip Ward 한국체육학회 2011 International journal of human movement science Vol.5 No.1
Positive, supportive teacher-student relationships can produce behaviors (e.g., helping tendencies, generosity, and interpersonal understanding) that represent an ethic of care (Noddings, 1992). Teachers who are able to build close caring relationships with students are likely to have students with higher student engagement and achievement (Pianta, Stuhlman, & Hamre, 2002). Using a phenomenological design we examined the lived-experience of care produced and enacted by two physical education teachers and their 5th grade students. Findings indicated that the physical education teachers did find fostering caring and supportive relationships with students as having an impact on achieving learning objectives within class. Specifically, four themes from the data supported the care framework (Noddings, 1984) used in this study: (a) establishing a care relationship is primary, (b) using intentional dialogue, (c) valuing the caring-learning association, and (d) understanding the importance of reciprocity. Findings from this study challenge readers to conceptualize care situated within their own physical education context.