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Symptoms of North Korea`s Economic System: Now is the Time to Open up Economically
( Youn Sik Choi ),( Hyung Rok Jung ),( Sung Man Yoon ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.1
Since suffering economic difficulties, particularly from the 1990s onwards, North Korea, even implicitly, has taken several actions based on the nature of its limited market economy system. North Korean scholars seem to have attempted to practice economic reform and a more open-door policy by learning the capitalistic mark eteconomy system. This paper investigates the current state of trends of North Korean studies associated with economics and management. It is found that even though directly praising and idolizing "Kim Il Sung" and/or "Kim Jong Il" are consistently accomplished, studies on new and subtle issues such as an open-door policy, the global (international) monetary system, compensation, wage (salaries),and self-financing (financing a giupso, in itself, without external financing such as borrowing or issuing shares) drastically increased in the 2000s, especially before and after the announcement of the ``7.1 Economic Management Improvement Measures`` implemented in July 2002. This paper`s findings suggest that North Korea has tried to learn capitalistic market economy system before it takes any steps regarding economic reform. This paper also identifies the political implications in drawing up initiatives in preparation for the era of unification of the two Koreas.
Choi, Won-Sik,Kim, Young-Sun,Yang, Jin-Ah,Lee, Young-Haeng,Park, Byeoung-Soo,Lee, Sung-Eun The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.4
Ethanol extract derived from Hericium erinaceum cultivated with Artemisia capillaries (HEAC) and its primary compound, scoparone, were utilized and incorporated in studying the protective effects on Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatic damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, $CCl_4$, $CCl_4$+ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), $CCl_4$+silymarin, $CCl_4$+scoparone, $CCl_4$+HEAC, $CCl_4$+80% ethanol extract of H. erinaceum (HE), and $CCl_4$+80% ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaries (AC). Each group contained eight rats supplemented with UDCA, silymarin, scoparone, HEAC, HE, and AC with continuous normal diet after $CCl_4$ treatment. Physiological results shows control group gained weight 4.0 g $day^{-1}$ and that of $CCl_4$ group decreased 6.4 g $day^{-1}$. Supplementation of UDCA, silymarin, scoparone, HEAC, HE, and AC decreased weight loss at 5.5, 4.1, 2.2, 5.5, and 4.2 g $day^{-1}$, respectively. Supplementation of UDCA, silymarin, scoparone, HEAC, HE, and AC significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity as well as hepatic cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Hepatic highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in $CCl_4$ group was reduced after $CCl_4$ treatment, and supplementation of UDCA, scoparone, HEAC, HE, and AC increased HDL-cholesterol level to that of control level. Atherogenic index and cardiac risks factor in $CCl_4$ group increased after $CCl_4$ treatment, and supplementation of tested compounds reduced both parameters. Taken together, HEAC and scoparone exerted protective effect against $CCl_4$-induced liver injury by attenuating hepatic lipid depots and reducing oxidative stress.
Repeat Vertebroplasty for the Subsequent Refracture of Procedured Vertebra
Choi, Sang Sik,Hur, Won Seok,Lee, Jae Jin,Oh, Seok Kyeong,Lee, Mi Kyoung The Korean Pain Society 2013 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.26 No.1
Vertebroplasty (VP) can effectively treat pain and immobility caused by vertebral compression fracture. Because of complications such as extravasation of bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) and adjacent vertebral fractures, some practitioners prefer to inject a small volume of PMMA. In that case, however, insufficient augmentation or a subsequent refracture of the treated vertebrae can occur. A 65-year-old woman visited our clinic complaining of unrelieved severe low back and bilateral flank pain even after she had undergone VP on the $1^{st}$ and $4^{th}$ (L1 and L4) lumbar vertebrae a month earlier. Radiologic findings showed the refracture of L1. We successfully performed the repeat VP by filling the vertebra with a sufficient volume of PMMA, and no complications occurred. The patient's pain and immobility resolved completely three days after the procedure and she remained symptom-free a month later. In conclusion, VP with small volume cement impaction may fail to relieve fracture-induced symptoms, and the refracture of an augmented vertebral body may occur. In this case, repeat VP can effectively resolve both the persistent symptoms and problems of new onset resulting from refracture of the augmented vertebral body due to insufficient volume of bone cement.
Maximum Torque Control of IPMSM Drive with Multi-MFC
Sung-Jun Kang,Jae-Sub Ko,Jung-Sik Choi,Jung-Woo Baek,Dong-Hwa Chung 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
This paper proposes maximum torque control of IPMSM drive using multi model reference adaptive fuzzy controller (Multi-MFC) and artificial neural network (ANN). This control method is applicable over the entire speed range which considered the limits of the inverter"s current and voltage rated value. For each control mode, a condition that determines the optimal -axis current for maximum torque operation is derived. This paper considers the design and implementation of novel technique of high performance speed control for IPMSM using Multi-MFC and ANN controller. The hybrid combination of adaptive and fuzzy control will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability. Also, this paper proposes speed and current control of IPMSM using MFC and estimation of speed using ANN controller. The back propagation neural network technique is used to provide a real time adaptive estimation of the motor speed. The proposed control algorithm is applied to IPMSM drive system and the operating characteristics controlled by maximum torque control are examined in detail. Also, this paper proposes the analysis results to verify the effectiveness of the Multi-MFC and ANN controller.