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요추 수술 예정 환자에서 실시한 선택적 신경근 차단술의 5년 추시 결과
심대무(Dae Moo Shim),김태균(Tae Kyun Kim),오성균(Sung Kyun Oh),최윤홍(Yun Hong Choi),이석중(Suk Jung Lee) 대한정형외과학회 2009 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.44 No.1
목적: 하지 방사통을 호소하는 환자의 수술 준비 과정에서 선택적 척추 신경근 차단술을 실시하고, 그 효과가 얼마나 오래 유지되는지를 알아 보고자 5년 이상 추시된 환자를 대상으로 분석하여 그 결과를 보고 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 1월에서 2000년 12월까지 하지 방사통으로 타 병원 혹은 본원에서 수술적 치료를 권유받은 환자 중 수술 준비 과정에서 진단 및 치료 목적으로 선택적 척추 신경근 차단술을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 이중 5년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 69예를 대상으로 하였다. 결과분석은 진료기록부와 전화 인터뷰를 통해 하였으며. 신경차단술 시행군과 수술을 시행한 군의 치료결과 분석은 Kim's criteria (김의 평가기준), VAS(Visual analog scale) score를 이용하였다. 결과: 연구 대상 환자 69예 중 37예에서는 차단술 후에 증상 호전이 없어 수술을 시행하였고, 32예에서는 신경차단술 만으로 증상호전 되었다. 젊은 사람(60세 미만)에서 보존적 요법보다는 수술을 하는 경향이 많았으며, 이환 기간이 길수록(6개월 이상) 신경근 차단술 보다는 수술하는 경우가 높았다. 차단술 만으로도 호전된 32예의 환자 추시 결과상 다른 치료 없이 증상 호전이 지속되었던 환자는 17예(24.6%)였고 증상이 재발하여 추가 치료를 필요로 한 환자는 15예이었다. 이중 4예는 수술적 치료를 시행하였다. 결론: 수술이 예정된 하지 방사통 환자를 대상으로 수술 준비 기간 동안에 신경근 차단술을 시행하여 그 중 일부에서는 장기 추시에서도 증상 호전이 지속 되었다. 따라서 신경차단술은 수술 전에 한번 시도해 볼 만한 방법 중의 하나로 사료된다. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a selective nerve root block (SNRB) in patients with sciatica before surgery through a more than 5 year follow up. Materials and Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2000, patients with sciatica, who were recommended to undergo surgery to diagnose and treat sciatica by other clinics or at our hospital, were selected to undergo SNRB before surgery. Among them, 69 patients were followed up for 5 years. The analysis was based on the patients' medical records and telephone interviews, and the treatment results in the SNRB group and operation group were analyzed using Kim's criteria and the Visual Analog Scale score. Results: Among the 69 patients, there was no improvement in symptoms in 37 patients after SNRB. Therefore, they underwent surgery. The symptoms of the remaining 32 patients were improved by SNRB. Overall, younger patients and those with a longer symptom duration required surgery. Conclusion: SNRB was performed on patients with sciatica who were scheduled to undergo surgery. Some patients showed improvement in their symptoms in the long term. Therefore, SNRB should be considered as a treatment option prior to surgery.
A gate driver circuit for IGZO TFTs driven by two clock signals
Kim, Yeon Kyung,Kim, Joon Dong,Lym, Hong Kyun,Kim, Sang Yeon,Oh, Hwan Sool,Park, Kee Chan The Korean Infomation Display Society 2012 Journal of information display Vol.13 No.4
In this paper, a gate driver circuit for In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors (TFTs) driven by only two clock signals is reported. In this circuit, the TFTs are turned off with a negative $V_{GS}$ by the two clock signals. As a result, it works properly and suppresses power consumption increase even though the TFT $V_T$ shifts in the negative direction.
Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Breast Cancer Detected by Immunohistochemistry
Kim, Seung Nam,You, Seung Jin,Chang, Suk Kyun,Lee, Jae Hak,Cho, Won Il,Won, Yong Sung,Kim, Eung Kook,Song, Young Tack,Choo, Sang Yong CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1994 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.22 No.1
Recently several growth factors, growth factor recsptors and oncogenes were investigated to find out their relation and potential role in the development and progression of human cancers. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) have been found in normal human breast tissues and human breast cancer tissues. The purpose of this study was to find out the relation between the expression of EGFR and clinical stage, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptor status. We used an improved immunohistochemical staining method for identification of EGFR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 45 human breast cancer tissues, 10 normal breast tissues around the cancer masses, 12 metastatic lymph nodes, and 10 breast benign tumor tissues using monoclonal antibody against EGfR: The results were as follows: 1. Immunoreactiyity of EGFR was detected in 57.8% (28/45) of breast cancer tissues, 10.0% (1/10) of noncancerous breast tissHes, 16.7% (2/12) of metastatic lymph nodes, and 20.0% (2/10) of benign tumor tissues. 2. The immunoreactivity of EGFR was related to clinical stage; positivity of stage I was 60.0% (3/5), stage Ⅱ was 62.1% (18/29), and stage Ⅲ was 45.5% (5/11), respectively. 3. The positivity of EGFR was related to tumor size; positivity of tumor size O∼2 cm was 60.0% (3/5), tumor size 2∼5 cm was 61.3% (19/31), tumor size >5 cm was 44.4% (4/9), respectively. 4. The intensity of EGFR immunoreactivity was increased in stage I and Ⅱ. 5. Expression of EGFR had an inverse relation between estrogen and progesterone receptor expressions. With above results, authors considered the expression of EGFR may play an important role in early stage of human breast cancer development, growth and proliferation. And according to the relationship between estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status, EGFR may offer an additional factor in prognosis of breast cancer.
Kim, So-Ra,Kwak, Doo-Ahn,Olee, Woo-Kyun,Son, Yowhan,Bae, Sang-Won,Kim, Choonsig,Yoo, Seongjin Jointly published by Science China Press and Sprin 2010 Science China. Life sciences Vol.53 No.7
<P>The objective of this study was to estimate the carbon storage capacity of Pinus densiflora stands using remotely sensed data by combining digital aerial photography with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. A digital canopy model (DCM), generated from the LiDAR data, was combined with aerial photography for segmenting crowns of individual trees. To eliminate errors in over and under-segmentation, the combined image was smoothed using a Gaussian filtering method. The processed image was then segmented into individual trees using a marker-controlled watershed segmentation method. After measuring the crown area from the segmented individual trees, the individual tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was estimated using a regression function developed from the relationship observed between the field-measured DBH and crown area. The above ground biomass of individual trees could be calculated by an image-derived DBH using a regression function developed by the Korea Forest Research Institute. The carbon storage, based on individual trees, was estimated by simple multiplication using the carbon conversion index (0.5), as suggested in guidelines from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The mean carbon storage per individual tree was estimated and then compared with the field-measured value. This study suggested that the biomass and carbon storage in a large forest area can be effectively estimated using aerial photographs and LiDAR data.</P>
Correlation among Aerobic Power, Anaerobic Power of ACE in Short Track Skaters
Kim, Wan-San(김완상),Kim Jae-Ho(김재호),Jeon, Young-Kyun(전용균),Yun, Sung-Jun(윤성준) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.3
이 연구는 우수 쇼트트랙 선수들을 대상으로 ACE 유전자 다형성에 따른 유ㆍ무산소성 능력의 관련성을 규명하여 우수선수 발굴을 위한 기준을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2011년 4월에 실시한 국가대표선발전 등위를 토대로 상위 20명 우수 쇼트트랙 스피드스케이트 남자선수(n=20)를 선정하여 ACE 유전자 다형성에 따른 유ㆍ무산소성 능력 관련성을 밝히기 위해 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 우수 쇼트트랙 선수들의 ACE 유전자 다형성에 따른 유산소성 능력에서 VO₂max(p>.05)와 AT(p>.05)는 Ⅱ type, ID type과 DD type이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. Peak power(㎏)(p>.05), Min power(㎏)(p>.01)와 fatigue index(p>.01)는 Ⅱ type, ID type과 DD type이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 따라서 우수 쇼트트랙 선수들의 ACE 유전자의 다형성 중 Ⅱ type은 유산소성 운동종목에, DD type는 무산소성 운동 종목에 유리한 유전자형이라고 판단할 수 있으며, peak torque에서는 DD type이 fatigue index에는 Ⅱ type이 등 속성 능력 운동 종목에 유리한 유전형이라고 판단된다.
Kim, Sun-Ok,Sakchaisri, Krisada,Asami, Yukihiro,Ryoo, In-Ja,Choo, Soo-Jin,Yoo, Ick-Dong,Soung, Nak-Kyun,Kim, Young Sang,Jang, Jae-Hyuk,Kim, Bo Yeon,Ahn, Jong Seog American Chemical Society and American Society of 2014 Journal of natural products Vol.77 No.4
<P>The secondary metabolites illudins C<SUB>2</SUB> (<B>1</B>) and C<SUB>3</SUB> (<B>2</B>), obtained from the culture broth of <I>Coprinus atramentarius</I>, have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we discovered novel biological activities of <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> in lipolysis of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Compounds <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> exhibit a dose-dependent increase in glycerol release and thereby reduce intracellular lipid accumulation. The stimulatory effects of <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> on lipolysis are prevented by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors. Compounds <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> down-regulated perilipin and also affected the mRNA and protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). However, <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> treatment leads to a significant increase in PKA-mediated phosphorylation of HSL at S563 and S660. In addition, <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> treatment in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induces down-regulation of the critical transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and β (C/EBPα and C/EBPβ), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which are required for adipogenesis, and accordingly inhibits adipogenesis. These results suggest that <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> might be useful for treating obesity due to their modulatory effects on fat by affecting adipocyte differentiation and fat mobilization.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jnprdf/2014/jnprdf.2014.77.issue-4/np400520a/production/images/medium/np-2013-00520a_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/np400520a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>