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Characteristics of menhaden oil ethanolysis by immobilized lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide
Sang-Kyu Shin,Jeong-Eun Sim,Hideki Kishimura,전병수 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.1
Ethanolysis of menhaden oil was performed with 1,3-regiospecific lipase to produce diglycerides and monoglycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fatty acid ethyl esters. Immobilized lipases like lipozyme TL-IM (Thermomuces lanuginosa immobilized on silica gel) were used for enzymatic ethanolysis. Ethanolysis was carried out in different processes (solvent free, organic solvent and supercritical fluid system) to compare the reaction rate and yield obtained by menhaden oil ethanolysis. Organic solvent (hexane) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were used as reaction medium. The reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Higher amounts of ethanol as a substrate caused substrate inhibition which dramatically decreased the reaction rate of ethanolysis. To elucidate the effect of pressure, enzymatic ethanolysis was performed in SC-CO2 at pressures ranging from 75 to 121 bar. Enzymatic ethanolysis of menhaden oil in SC-CO2 decreased by substrate inhibition. Reaction rate and optimum amount of ethanol used were depended on SC-CO2 density individually. Kinetic model with substrate inhibition (dead-end inhibition) by excess ethanol was set up to measure the reaction and inhibition rates.
Incidence of Honeybee Virus and Nosema on Flowering Period of Acacia in 2013 of Korea
Kyu-Ho Byeon,Man-Young Lee,Soon-Ok Woo,Ha-Sik Sim,Yong-Soo Choi,Sang-Mi Han,Nam-Suk Kim,Hye-Kyung Kim,Sang-Hoon Han,Myeong-Lyeol Lee,In-Pyo Hong 한국양봉학회 2013 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.28 No.4
There are about 20 thousand beekeepers caring for approximately 1.8 million colonies in Korea. Honey production totaled almost 27 thousand M/T in 2012. Virus and nosema cause significant losses in honey production and decrease population size. We initiated a survey of honey bee colonies on blooming period of Acacia to determine the prevalence of virus and nosema in 2013. Forty eight hives owned by 16 beekeepers were sampled in this year. The six most important honeybee viruses were investigated by RT-PCR. Among them, four different viruses were detected in samples. BQCV and SBV were present in samples from all. Prevalence of IAPV was 31%. KBV were present in only 6% of the samples. However, CBPV and DWV were not detected in any of samples. Nosema spore counts ranged from zero to 1.94 million spores per bee. The average number of nosema spores per bee was 425,000. Approximately 94% of colonies were infected with nosema based on the presence of spores in flowering period of Acacia. It illustrated that nosema, and BQCV and SBV in virus were the predominant species affecting honeybee colonies.
Kyu-Sang Sim,Song Park,Jung-Bok Lee,Jun Ho Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
The objective of this study was to compare estrogenic properties of fifteen known phytoestrogens using an estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) dimerization assay and OECD standardized methods including in vitro ER transactivation assay using VM7Luc4E2 cells and in vivo uterotrophic assay using an immature rat model. Human ER-α dimerization assay and luciferase reporter assay showed consistent results for their estrogenecity. In vivo assay showed increases in uterine weights after treatments with biochanin A, 8-prenylnaringenin, and coumestrol. Their uterotrophic effects were lost when animals were co-treated with antagonist of ER, indicating their ER-dependent effects in the uterus. In addition, analysis of estrogen responsive genes revealed that these phytoestrogens regulated uterine gene expressions differently compared to estrogens. Test methods used in this study could be used as effective screening tools for phytoestrogens. In a separated study, coumestrol prevented OVX-induced adiposity and hepatic lipid accumulation and promoted browning of white fats, demonstrating its beneficial effects for the regulation of postmenopausal metabolic homeostasis.
Development and Performance Analysis of a 22.9 kV/50 MVA Tri-axial HTS Power Cable Core
Sung-Kyu Kim,Sun-Kyoung Ha,Jin-Geun Kim,Bo-Geun Jang,Minwon Park,In-Keun Yu,Sangjin Lee,Kideok Sim,A-Rong Kim IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.23 No.3
<P>Tri-axial high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables are being developed to maximize their advantages such as reduced amount of HTS wires, a low-leakage magnetic field, and compactness compared with the different types of HTS power cables. The authors designed a 22.9 kV/50 MVA-class tri-axial HTS power cable core to apply to the distribution system in Korea. The inherent imbalance in the three-phase currents of the tri-axial HTS power cable core was calculated using the impedance matching program. A tri-axial HTS power cable core was fabricated using second-generation YBCO wires and the cable core was tested under 77 K liquid nitrogen to verify the performance of the cable core through obtaining its electrical characteristics data. This paper describes the results of the design, fabrication, and evaluation of the 22.9 kV/50 MVA-class tri-axial HTS power cable core. They will be used to develop a tri-axial HTS power cable for the distribution system.</P>
Lattice-patterned LC-polymer composites containing various nanoparticles as additives
Sim, Kyoseung,Sung, Shi-Joon,Jung, Eun-Ae,Son, Dae-Ho,Kim, Dae-Hwan,Kang, Jin-Kyu,Cho, Kuk Young Springer 2012 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.7 No.1
<P>In this study, we show the effect of various nanoparticle additives on phase separation behavior of a lattice-patterned liquid crystal [LC]-polymer composite system and on interfacial properties between the LC and polymer. Lattice-patterned LC-polymer composites were fabricated by exposing to UV light a mixture of a prepolymer, an LC, and SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles positioned under a patterned photomask. This resulted in the formation of an LC and prepolymer region through phase separation. We found that the incorporation of SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles significantly affected the electro-optical properties of the lattice-patterned LC-polymer composites. This effect is a fundamental characteristic of flexible displays. The electro-optical properties depend on the size and surface functional groups of the SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles. Compared with untreated pristine SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles, which adversely affect the performance of LC molecules surrounded by polymer walls, SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles with surface functional groups were found to improve the electro-optical properties of the lattice-patterned LC-polymer composites by increasing the quantity of SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles. The surface functional groups of the SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles were closely related to the distribution of SiO<SUB>2 </SUB>nanoparticles in the LC-polymer composites, and they influenced the electro-optical properties of the LC molecules. It is clear from our work that the introduction of nanoparticles into a lattice-patterned LC-polymer composite provides a method for controlling and improving the composite's electro-optical properties. This technique can be used to produce flexible substrates for various flexible electronic devices.</P>