Estimating the State-of-Charge of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an H-Infinity Observer with Consideration of the Hysteresis Characteristic

Jiale Xie,Jiachen Ma,Yude Sun,Zonglin Li 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.2

The conventional methods used to evaluate battery state-of-charge (SOC) cannot accommodate the chemistry nonlinearities, measurement inaccuracies and parameter perturbations involved in estimation systems. In this paper, an impedance-based equivalent circuit model has been constructed with respect to a LiFePO₄ battery by approximating the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) with RC circuits. The efficiencies of approximating the EIS with RC networks in different series-parallel forms are first discussed. Additionally, the typical hysteresis characteristic is modeled through an empirical approach. Subsequently, a methodology incorporating an H-infinity observer designated for open-circuit voltage (OCV) observation and a hysteresis model developed for OCV-SOC mapping is proposed. Thereafter, evaluation experiments under FUDS and UDDS test cycles are undertaken with varying temperatures and different current-sense bias. Experimental comparisons, in comparison with the EKF based method, indicate that the proposed SOC estimator is more effective and robust. Moreover, test results on a group of Li-ion batteries, from different manufacturers and of different chemistries, show that the proposed method has high generalization capability for all the three types of Li-ion batteries.

Estimating the State-of-Charge of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an H-Infinity Observer with Consideration of the Hysteresis Characteristic

Xie, Jiale,Ma, Jiachen,Sun, Yude,Li, Zonglin The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.2

The conventional methods used to evaluate battery state-of-charge (SOC) cannot accommodate the chemistry nonlinearities, measurement inaccuracies and parameter perturbations involved in estimation systems. In this paper, an impedance-based equivalent circuit model has been constructed with respect to a LiFePO₄ battery by approximating the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) with RC circuits. The efficiencies of approximating the EIS with RC networks in different series-parallel forms are first discussed. Additionally, the typical hysteresis characteristic is modeled through an empirical approach. Subsequently, a methodology incorporating an H-infinity observer designated for open-circuit voltage (OCV) observation and a hysteresis model developed for OCV-SOC mapping is proposed. Thereafter, evaluation experiments under FUDS and UDDS test cycles are undertaken with varying temperatures and different current-sense bias. Experimental comparisons, in comparison with the EKF based method, indicate that the proposed SOC estimator is more effective and robust. Moreover, test results on a group of Li-ion batteries, from different manufacturers and of different chemistries, show that the proposed method has high generalization capability for all the three types of Li-ion batteries.

Aeroelastic-aerodynamic analysis and bio-inspired flow sensor design for boundary layer velocity profiles of wind turbine blades with active external flaps

Xiao Sun,Junliang Tao,Jiale Li,Qingli Dai,Xiong Yu 국제구조공학회 2017 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.20 No.3

The characteristics of boundary layers have significant effects on the aerodynamic forces and vibration of the wind turbine blade. The incorporation of active trailing edge flaps (ATEF) into wind turbine blades has been proven as an effective control approach for alleviation of load and vibration. This paper is aimed at investigating the effects of external trailing edge flaps on the flow pattern and velocity distribution within a boundary layer of a NREL 5MW reference wind turbine, as well as designing a new type of velocity sensors for future validation measurements. An aeroelastic-aerodynamic simulation with FAST-AeroDyn code was conducted on the entire wind turbine structure and the modifications were made on turbine blade sections with ATEF. The results of aeroelastic-aerodynamic simulations were combined with the results of two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic simulations. From these, the velocity profile of the boundary layer as well as the thickness variation with time under the influence of a simplified load case was calculated for four different blade-flap combinations (without flap, with -5°, 0°, and +5° flap). In conjunction with the computational modeling of the characteristics of boundary layers, a bio-inspired hair flow sensor was designed for sensing the boundary flow field surrounding the turbine blades, which ultimately aims to provide real time data to design the control scheme of the flap structure. The sensor element design and performance were analyzed using both theoretical model and finite element method. A prototype sensor element with desired bio-mimicry responses was fabricated and validated, which will be further refined for integration with the turbine blade structures.

De novo transcriptome analysis of Rhododendron molle G. Don flowers by Illumina sequencing

Zheng Xiao,Jiale Su,Xiaobo Sun,Chang Li,Lisi He,Shangping Cheng,Xiaoqing Liu 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.6

Rhododendron molle G. Don occupies an important phylogenetic node in the genus rhododendron with unique yellow flower and medicinal functions. However, only limited genetic resources and their genome information are available for the generation of rhododendron flowers. The next generation sequencing technologies enables generation of genomic resources in a short time and at a minimal cost, and therefore provide a turning point for rhododendron research. Our goal is to use the genetic information to facilitate the relevant research on flowering and flower color formation in R. molle. In total, 66,026 unigenes were identified, among which 31,298 were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database and 22,410 were annotated in the Swiss-Prot database. Of these annotated unigenes, 9490 and 18,680 unigenes were assigned to clusters of orthologous groups and gene ontology categories, respectively. A total of 7177 genes were mapped to 118 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database. In addition, 8266 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, and these SSRs will undoubtedly benefit rhododendron breeding work. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that 32 unigenes were predicted to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Our transcriptome revealed 32 engines that encode key enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, including PSY, PDS, LCYB, LCYE, etc. The content of β-carotene was much higher than the other carotenoids throughout the flower development. It was consistent with the key genes expression level in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway by the Illumina expression profile analysis and the qRT-PCR analysis. Our study identified genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis in R. molle and provides a valuable resource for understanding the flowering and flower color formation mechanisms in R. molle.

Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model performance decreases with long-term antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients

Xiaoning Wu,Xiaoqian Xu,Jialing Zhou,Yameng Sun,Huiguo Ding,Wen Xie,Guofeng Chen,Anlin Ma,Hongxin Piao,Bingqiong Wang,Shuyan Chen,Tongtong Meng,Xiaojuan Ou,Hwai-I Yang,Jidong Jia,Yuanyuan Kong,Hong Yo 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.3

Background/Aims: Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT). Methods: Among 987 CHB patients administered long-term entecavir therapy, 660 patients had 8 years of follow-up data. Model scores were calculated using on-treatment values at 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 years of AVT to predict threeyear HCC occurrence. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). The original model cutoffs to distinguish different levels of HCC risk were evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: The AUROCs of the 17 HCC models varied from 0.51 to 0.78 when using on-treatment scores from years 2.5 to 5. Models with a cirrhosis variable showed numerically higher AUROCs (pooled at 0.65–0.73 for treated, untreated, or mixed treatment models) than models without (treated or mixed models: 0.61–0.68; untreated models: 0.51–0.59). Stratification into low, intermediate, and high-risk levels using the original cutoff values could no longer reflect the true HCC incidence using scores after 3.5 years of AVT for models without cirrhosis and after 4 years of AVT for models with cirrhosis. Conclusions: The performance of existing HCC prediction models, especially models without the cirrhosis variable, decreased in CHB patients on long-term AVT. The optimization of existing models or the development of novel models for better HCC prediction during long-term AVT is warranted.

Construction Design and Theoretical Research on Cloud-based Intelligent Platform for Physical Fitness Test and Health Examination Data of College Students

Wang Jiameng,Zhang Weiyu,Wen Tao,Sun Jiale,Zhou Fan,Ai Xianbin,Zhang Hui,Xiong Huayu,Xu Baichao 아시아건강운동학회 2022 Journal of Asian Society for Health & Exercise Vol.4 No.1

PURPOSE : To build a cloud intelligent analysis platform for physical measurement data and physical examination data for college students, so as to enhance the physical health of college students and realize the deep integration of sports, education and medical treatment. METHODS : On this basis, a cloud-based intelligent early warning and screening analysis module for the physical fitness test level and the prevalence rate in college students can be established. Then, a cloud-based intelligent construction module for non-medical health intervention means and scientific physical education (PE) curriculum should be built, aiming to strengthen the corresponding physical fitness test indexes and improve weak health examination indexes, and further mitigate and prevent relevant diseases. RESULTS : Through the Internet of things technology, we can realize the co-platform link of physical examination instruments and physical examination instruments, process and analyze data in the same system, and realize the source combination of sports and medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS : The establishment of cloud intelligent college student physical examination and physical examination platform is the need of The Times, and is also one of the effective measures to realize Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan (the Outline).

Numerical Simulation of the Creep Behavior of Beishan Deep Granite Tunnel under the Coupling Thermal -Stress Field

Jiawei Wang,Ju Wang,Zhichao Zhou,Peng Wu,Haoran Sun,Jiale Dou,Nan Li,Xianzhe Duan 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4

This study conducts a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the creep behavior of deep granite tunnels at 560 meters underground during the coupled thermal-stress process, with an aim to elucidate the effect of the temperature and stress fields on the creep behavior of these deep hard rock tunnels. A 100-h creep period was set, and the mechanical structure of the experimental chamber was accurately replicated at a 1:1 scale, considering the actual mechanical structure of the granite tunnels in the Beishan underground laboratory. The simulation results can demonstrate that: 1) The maximum stress at 90°C and 50°C are 2.86 and 1.91 times than that at 23°C, respectively, demonstrating significant strain accumulation in the deep granite tunnels at the surface. This phenomenon can primarily be attributed to the thermal stress resulted from the coupling between temperature and stress. 2) The maximum creep at 90°C and 50°C is 16 and 3.5 times than that at 23°C. Under the influence of thermal coupling, the creep increases significantly with increasing temperature, indicating that temperature is an important factor influencing creep in granite. 3) Compared with variations in the stress field, the temperature field emerges as the most critical factor influencing granite creep.

Facile preparation of a multifunctional fluorescent nanosensor for chemical and biological applications

Wang, Jing,Guo, Wanping,Bae, Jae-Ho,Kim, Sun-Hee,Song, Jiale,Ha, Chang-Sik The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.47

<P>To prepare a versatile solid-state fluorescent sensor for chemical and biological applications is still a challenge. In this report, we describe a multifunctional fluorescent nanosensor that is capable of highly sensitive and selective detecting of the heavy metal ion Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> in a range of pH from 4.0 to 6.6, sensitive probing of α-amino acids by a metal ion-mediated approach, turn-on sensing of the protein BSA under physiological conditions and <I>in vitro</I> monitoring of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> within living cells. This all-round smart sensor <B>1</B> has been designed by functionalizing highly ordered mesoporous SBA-15 nanoparticles with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and dansylcadaverine, followed by the characterization of the pore structure, textural property, microscopic morphology, molecular composition of grafted organic fluorophore and the colorimetric property of <B>1</B>. The quenching fluorescence emission of <B>1</B> in the presence of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> could be attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the exited dansyl moiety to the proximate mercuric ion. The successful sensing of α-amino acids has been realized by an indirect approach, in which the quenched fluorescence of <B>1</B> by Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> was recovered upon the addition of α-amino acids. The turn-on sensing of BSA under physiological conditions is based on the hydrophobic interaction between BSA and the naphthalene ring on the dansyl fluorophore of <B>1</B>. This interaction also makes <B>1</B> become an efficient adsorbent for storing and retaining BSA. Finally, <B>1</B> has been demonstrated to have application in living cells by detecting intracellular Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A versatile solid-state fluorescent sensor has been designed and prepared for chemical and biological applications. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm33103a'> </P>

Measurement of the radon and thoron exhalation rates from the water surface of Yixin lake

Jiulin Wu,Shuaibin Liu,Tao Hu,Fen Lin,Ruomei Xie,Shuai Yuan,Haibo Yi,Yixiang Mo,Jiale Sun,Linquan Cheng,Huiying Li,Zhipeng Liu,Zhongkai Fan,Yanliang Tan Korean Nuclear Society 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.4

The importance of determining the radon exhalation rate from water surface is emphasized by the increased use of radon and its daughter products as tracers in large-scale circulation studies of the atmosphere. There were many methods to measure radon exhalation from water surface. With the development of radon exhalation rate measurement methods and instruments on the surface of the soil, the rock and building materials, so the radon exhalation rate from water surface can be more accurately measured by applying these improved methods and instruments. In this paper, a cuboid accumulation chamber surrounded by foam boards and a RAD7 were used to measure the radon exhalation rate on the water surface at three different positions by Yixin lake. Each measurement was performed 2 h. The radon exhalation rate from the water surface was about 6 × 10^-3 Bq m^-2s^-1. The thoron exhalation rate from the water surface also can be estimated, it is about 0.16 Bq m^-2s^-1. These results hint that the radon transmission from the lake bottom soil to water and then into the atmosphere.