두과목초와 성상이 다른 농후사료의 공급이 고장병 발생원인에 미치는 Rumen 의 생리학적 연구

지설하 ( Sul Ha Chee ) 한국축산학회 1967 한국축산학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This experiment was conducted to study several indirect origination ai bloat in the rumen with three heads of wether which were divided into three plots that were plot L. (supplied an alfalfa) plot M. (supplied an alfalfa-corn meal), and plot EM. supplied an alfalfa expanded corn meal). The results of investigation are as follows: Excretion of nitrogen in feces and urine of the plot L. was higher than plot M. or EM. The standard deviation of each treatment was 24.39±7.20 in plot L. 23.00±7.37 in plot M., and 19.01±4.97 in plot EM., respectively The content of ammonia (NH₃) in the rumen liquor showed that plot M. and EM. were slightly higher than plot L. The standard deviation of each treatment was 3.93±0.29 in plot L. 2.92±0.9 in plot M. and 1.60±0.99 in plot EM in one`s own way. The plot M. and EM. produced more gas than plot L. in the rumen liquor fermented in vitro. Standard deviation of each treatment was 0.97±1.87 in plot L, 2.37±0.95 in plot M. and 0.8±1.29 in plot EM. respectively. The plot M. and EM. were slightly lover than plot L. in pH of rumen liquor. Volatile fatty acids the rumen liquor of plot L. showed more acetonaemic form than plot M. EM. The content of urea in the vein blood was correlated with nitrogen content of feces and urine. Results of the trial showed that the source of carbohydrate feeds (cereals) would induce bloat.

에너지와 蛋白質 供給源에 依한 反芻胃內 營養素 利用性 및 反芻胃微生物에 關한 硏究

지설하,이상철,정하연 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1996 농업과학연구 Vol.23 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary energy and protein sources on the rumen microbial population of sheep. The results obtained were summarized as the follows; 1. Ruminal pH was highest in sheep fed the diet rapidly degraded in the rumen(F-F) as a energy (barley plus beet pulp) and protein source (rapeseed meal), and lowest in the diet (F-S) of rapidly degradable energy source plus slowly degradable protein source (corn gluten meal + cotton seed meal) without affecting by postfeeding time. 2. Ruminal ammonia concentration was higher in corn (slowly degradable) for energy source and rapeseed meal (rapidly degradable) for protein source (S-F) than others, and abruptly increased at 1 hr after feeding regardless of treatments. 3. Concentration of ruminal total volatile fatty acid, acetate and propionate were highest in F-S and peaked at 1 hr after feeding firstly and formed second peak at 9hrs, respectively. 4. Digestibilities of the proximates and ADF were not affected by treatment but NDF was highest in F-F. 5. Nitrogen retention was highest in S-F and lowest in F-F and F-S. 6. Digestibility and metabolizability of energy, contents of DCP, TDN, DE and ME were not affected by treatment. 7. Number of total rumen bacteria showed a peak at 3hrs after feeding and there after decreased. The number of viable rumen bacteria were the greatest in sheep fed the diet of F-F as 7.16×10^11 and the fewest in that of F-S as 2.85×10^11. 8. Cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep was greatest in diet of S-S and other functional bacteria were not affected by treatments.

한국축산업의 장기발전방향

지설하 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.9

비유우의 옥수수싸이레지 다급이 유량및 유지량에 미치는 영향

지설하,이성걸 한국축산학회 1963 한국축산학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The performance response when lactating cows were fed high level feeding of corn silage. as a only roughage, were studied in reprications of a 3×3 Latin square design, each treatment represents 3 cows. The 9 cows from 3 treatments that is 3 different corn silage levels were fed for 16 day's main experiment period following 10 day's preliminary period. The corn silage feeding levels were. (A) Basal ration with corn silage of 3% of body weight, (B) Basal ration with corn silage of 8% of body weight. (C) Basal ration with corn silage of 10% of body weight. The result of this study shoved a summary as follows. 1. There was no significant difference among 3 different levels of corn silage feeding in milk production. The production index was 100 for treatment A. 87 for treatment B and 90 for treatment C. However, there was a lute difference in butter fat content with the index of 100 for treatment A. 99 for B and 95.5 for C respectively. 2. In body weight change, There was no difference among 3 treatments, but slight difference occurred between B and C treatments without statistical significance. 3. The ketone body contents in urine was tested, there was no significant level was founded by feeding of high level of corn silage for lactating dairy cows.

자급사료 생산기술 향상을 위한 연구방안

지설하 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Bypass 단백질 공급이 영양소 소화율 , 반추위내(反芻胃內) 발효양상 , 젖소의 유생산에 미치는 영향

하종규,지설하,김준식,장하연,조행연 한국낙농학회 1992 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.14 No.3

단백질사료로서 대두박, 대두박+HCHO, 옥수수글루텐, 血粉, 肉粉의 급여가 젖소의 産乳量 및 乳組成에 미치는 영향과 면양의 반추위내 醱酵樣相, 전체장관 소화율 및 단백질의 반추위내 分解率에 미치는 영향을 보고자 본 시험을 실시하였다. 단백질사료는 배합사료의 10%를 첨가하였으며 이때 옥수수글루텐, 血粉, 肉粉 급여구의 bypass 단백질은 동일하게 조정하였다. 본 실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건물분해율은 대두박, 肉粉, 옥수수글루텐 밀, 대두박+HCHO, 血粉 순으로 낮았다. 배양 24시간 후의 조단백질 분해율은 대두박이 74.7%, 대두박+HCHO 이 48.94%, 옥수수글루텐 밀이 52.48%, 혈분이 47.63%, 그리고 육분이 61.16%였다. 2. 전체장관내 영양소 소화율은 단백질사료의 종류에 의해 큰 영향을 받지 않았다(P>0.05). 3. 첨가하는 단백질의 종류에 따라 反芻胃液의 pH 및 VFA함량에는 큰 변화가 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). 4. 일일 産乳量은 대두박 급여구가 19.89㎏인데 비해 대두박+HCHO 급여구가 20.80㎏, 옥수수글루텐밀 급여구가 21.18㎏으로 대두박 급여구에 비해 산유량이 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 血粉이나 肉粉첨가구는 오히려 감소하였다. 유지방 함량은 血粉區에서 가장 높았으나 지방 생산량은 옥수수글루텐밀 급여구에서 가장 높았다. Experiments were conducted to determine effects of bypass protein supplied with soybean meal, HCHO treated soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal and meat meal on milk yield and milk composition of lactating cows, ruminal fermentation characteristics, whole tract digestion and ruminal crude protein degradation in sheep. Of the five protein supplements which were included to the total concentrate at 10% level, corn gluten meal, blood meal and meat meal were adjusted to have isolevel of bypass protein by mixing with protein source, corn grain and urea. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. Extent of dry matter disappearance after 24hr incubation in the rumen of sheep was in the decreasing order of protein supplement containing soybean meal, meat meal, corn gluten meal, HCHO treated soybean meal and blood meal. Protein disappearance rate after 24 hrs incubation of soybean meal, meat meal, corn gluten meal, HCHO treated soybean meal and blood meal was 74.72, 61.16, 52.48, 48.94 and 47.63%. 2. Whole tract nutrient digestibility was not affected by protein sources. 3. Ruminal VFA and pH were not influenced by dietary proteins. 4. Feeding HCHO treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal increased milk yield, while blood meal and meat meal reduced milk yield compared to soybean meal. Highest milk fat content was observed in cows fed blood meal supplement, while the highest daily production of milk fat was obtained in cows fed corn gluten meal supplement. 5. Cost for unit milk production was reduced by feeding protein supplements containing HCHO treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal compared to soybean meal.

한우의 Immunoglobulin G 및 초유성분의 함량

지설하,오대균,임종우,강만석,안병석 한국낙농학회 1991 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.13 No.4

한우 25두로부터 산차별로 초유는 분만후 24시간 및 168시간까지는 각파 12시간 및 24시간 간격으로, 정상유는 분만후 10일부터 22일까지는 3일 간격으로 채취하였으며 Ig농도, 회분 및 단백질함량의 변이가 비유 첫 22일간 분석되었다. 산차별에 의한 초유의 Ig농도는 분만직후 초산의 Ig농도가 가장 낮은 반면 3산은 초산과 5∼7산에 비해 각각 1.56 및 1.54배로 산차중에서 가장 높았으며 (P<0.05), 또한 초유의 총 고형분, 회분 및 단백질의 함량도 분만직후 초산이 가장 낮았으며 (P<0.05), 3산이 가장 높았다(P< 0.05). 분만직후 초유의 전평균 lg농도(295.95±16.802㎎/㎖), 회분(1.26±0.048%) 및 단백질(17.27±0.279%)의 함량은 분만후 48시간까지 급속히 감소하였으며(P<0.05) 총고형분(26.58±0.296%)의 함량도 분만후 24시간까지 감소하였고(P<0.05), 정상유의 각 성분함량은 각각 1.38±0.035㎎/㎖, 0.72±0.002%, 3.69±0.013% 및 13.28±0.021%였다. 또한 초유에서의 IgG 농도의 감소율은 초산이 다산보다 높았다. Colostra and milks were collected from 25 Korean native cows in five lactation groups at 12 hr intervals from O to 24 hr and 24 hr intervals from 48 to 168 hr postpartum and 3 days intervals from 10th to 22nd day postpartum and analyzed for concentration immunoglobulin G(IgG), total solids(T. S.), ash and protein during the first 22nd day of lactation. IgG concentration in colostrum from cows of first lactation obtained immediately after parturition was lower than those of second and later lactation, where as that of third lactation was highest(P< 0.05) among all lactation groups except fourth lactation, almost 1.56 and 1.54 times in IgG concentration compared to the first lactation and fifth to seventh lactation, respectively. Also the contents of T. S., ash and protein in colostrum at the first milking postpartum in first and third lactation were lower(P<0.05) and higher(P<0.05) than all lactation groups, respectively. The total mean concentrations of IgG(295.95±16.802㎎/㎖), ash(1.26±0.048%)and protein(17.27±0.297%) in colostrum at first milking postpartum were reduced(P<0.05) rapidly for 24 and T.S. ( 26.58±0.296 %) for 48 hr postpartum. Contents of IgG, ash, protein and T. S of normal milk were 1.38 ±0.035㎎/㎖, 0.72 ±0.002 %, 3.69±0.013 % and 13.28 ±0.021 %, respectively. The rate of reduction in IgG concentration from colostrum was greater in first lactation than in multipara.

청예 Ladino clover - Bromegrass 급여가 비유우의 영양 , 유량 및 유지율에 미치는 영향

김동암,지설하 한국축산학회 1962 한국축산학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Soilage feeding trials with six lactating cows were carried out for sixty days to determine the effect on body weight changes, milk production and butterfat percentage when a ration consisting of a green L-B with concentrates was compared with one consisting of green L-B alone. The experimental treatments were designed by the switchback trials and following results were obtained. 1. The group fed green L-B alone produced 88.3% of fat corrected milk, 97.7% of butterfat percentage and 88.1% of butterfat production as compared to the group fed green L-B with concentrates. There were highly significant differences in fat corrected milk and butterfat production between two groups, but no significant differences in percentage of butterfat. 2. The group fed green L-B alone decreased 1.6% in their body weight during the experimental period and the both groups fed green L-B alone and green L-B with concentrates resulted 24.1% and 25.8% in coefficient of efficiency of milk production, respectively, but this difference was not significant. 3. The average feed costs of producing 1 ㎏, of milk by these two system of feeding which fed green L-B alone and green L-B with concentrates were HW 20.0 and HW 36.7, respectively, and therefore, 1 ㎏ of milk can be produced HW 16.7 cheaper with green L-B alone than with concentrates on the basis of feed costs. 4. The results of this investigation indicate that feeding soilage alone without concentrates may be best adaptable and most profitable system for feeding of lactating cows in Korea where the size of the dairy enterprise is limited by land resources and the most kinds of forage crops are abudant in summer.

볏짚 일계분(一鷄糞) 발효사료의 급여가 젖소의 산유능력에 미치는 영향

김준식,이택원,지설하,이남행 한국낙농학회 1986 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.8 No.4

볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지의 飼料價値를 究明하기 위하여 搾乳牛에 給與하여 牛乳生産量, 乳組成, 飼料攝取量, 營養素 消化率과 反芻胃 內容物의 VFA 組成 및 pH 變化, 經濟性등에 미치는 影響을 옥수수 사일리지와 比較하기 위하여 試驗을 하였다. 泌乳에 關한 試驗은 平均體重 520㎏, 日平均産乳量이 19.2㎏인 Holstein種 10頭를 供試하였고 營養素 消化率 및 第1胃內 性狀에 관한 試驗은 平均體重 30㎏ 및 65∼75㎏되는 Corriedale숫 緬羊을 이용하였다. 시험기간중 飼料給與는 濃厚飼料와 粗飼料의 給與比率을 40:60으로 하였다. 얻어진 試驗結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 飼料攝取量은 乾物量으로 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지區가 9.32㎏으로 옥수수 사일리지區 8.31㎏보다 매우 有意하게 攝取하였다(p<0.01). 2. 搾乳牛의 1日 平均 産乳量은 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지區가 17.2㎏, 옥수수 사일리지區가 17.0㎏으로 처리간에 有意差가 없었다. 3. 乳組成에 있어서는 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지區와 옥수수 사일리지區에서 각각 乳脂肪이 3.79%, 3.66%, 乳蛋白質 3.52%, 3.49%, 乳糖 5.17%, 5.27%로서 처리간에 有意差는 없었다. 4. 消化率 試驗에서는 옥수수 사일리지區가 일반 營養素 利用率이 약간 높았으나 纖維素 消化率은 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지區에서 더 向上되었다(p<0.05). 5. 第 1 胃內 pH 및 總揮發性脂肪酸의 含量은 서로 비슷하게 나타났으며 propionate와 valerate는 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지에서 더 높았다. 6. 經濟性은 牛乳 1㎏生産에 要求되는 頭當飼料費가 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지가 158원, 옥수수 사일리지가 169원으로 나타났다. 頭當 1日 粗收入은 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지區가 옥수수 사일리지에 비하여 314원 더 收入이 많았다. 이상의 결과를 要約하면 볏짚-鷄糞 사일리지는 搾乳牛에 대하여 옥수수 사일리지와 비슷한 飼料價値를 가지고 있으므로, 볏짚의 飼料化 利用이 증진되어 農家所得 증대는 물론 賦存飼料資源을 活用하는데 큰 意義가 있을 것이다. The current study was undertaken to determine the feeding value of the rice straw-poultry manure silage (RSPMS) as a roughage for milking cows compared with corn silage (CS). Ten lactating cows (520㎏) producing 19.2㎏ of milk daily were allotted into two treatments, RSPMS and CS, for studying the effect of feeding two silages on milking performance. Digestibility of various nutrients contained in two silages, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and pH changes of rumen juice after feeding these silages were investigated using eight Corriedale rams of 30㎏ and 65-75㎏, body weight, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter intake of RSPMS was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of CS (9.3㎏ vs 8.3㎏/day). 2. There was no significant difference in milk production between two treatments (RSPMS = 17.0㎏, CS = 17.2㎏/day). 3. The milk composition of RSPMS group and CS group were: milk fat 3.79%, 3.66%; milk protein 3.52%, 3.49%; milk lactose 5.17%, 5.27%, respectively. There was no significant difference between two treatments. 4. Digestibility of some nutrients tended to be slightly higher in CS diet. In contrast, the digestibility of crude fiber was significantly (P<0.05) higher in RSPMS ration. 5. Ruman pH and total VFA production were similar between treatments. Propionate and valerate were higher in RSPMS group. 6. The feed cost for producing 1㎏ milk was estimated as ￦158 (RSPMS group) and ￦169 (CS group). More net income (￦314/head) was made in RSPMS group.

부로일러에 대한 강류대치사료로서의 해조분의 이용 시험

염월병,지설하,이영철 ( Wol Heong Youm,Sul Ha Chee,Young Chul Rhee ) 한국축산학회 1976 한국축산학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of various kelp meal collected from Sokcho, the East seaside, for broiler chicks. In the first trial mixed kelp meal was, substituted for the wheat bran at the level of 4, 8, 12 and 16% in the ration of broiler chicks for 8 weeks. The second trial was conducted to find out the effectiveness of 4 kinds of dried kelp meals (Sargassum F.A., Monostroma N.W., Costarica C.S., and Mixed kelp meal) at the level of 10% substitution for the wheat bran on growing chicks for 3 weeks period. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen free extract content (N.F.E.) of the kelp meals were 4.97-11.73, 0.27-1.85, 5.08-15.47, 32.77-44.78 and 24.11-34.71 respectively. These analytical values were lower in crude protein and higher in crude ash in comparison with the kelp meal which is produced in Pusan and Mokpo seasides. 2. Metabolizable energy(ME) value per gram of kelp meal was measured to he 1.667 ㎉. This ME value coincides with the value of wheat bran. 3. No significant difference were observes in body weight gain and feed efficiency, when the kelp meals were supplemented at the level of 4, 8 and 12% in a broiler ration as a partial substitute for the wheat brans, anti also there were no difference in body weight gain and feud conversion rate when the birds fed to various kind of kelp meals produced in Sokcho area. This would mean that there were no adverse effect on growth and feed intake of broilers when they were fed by the kinds of kelp meal. 4. Retention of the nutrients, such as protein, fat and N.F.E. were found to be decreased as the level of kelp meal gradually increased