밀라노의 주교 암브로시우스의 여러 작품에서 드러난 죄를 용서해 주는 성체성사

바실 스투더(Basil Studer),안봉환(역) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2014 神學展望 Vol.- No.184

“성체성사는 죄를 용서해 준다.” 암브로시우스(Ambrosius)를 연구한 조안니(R. Johanny)가 현대인에게 상당히 생소한 이런 주제를 잘 숙고하고 있다. 그에 따르면, 암브로시우스는 그리스도의 모든 구원 활동을 성사적으로 표현한 것으로 성체성사를 이해할 뿐 아니라 세례나 참회를 통해 교회 생활에적응 하게 된 신자의 모든 활동을 성찬의 희생제사 안에서 정점을 이루도록 한다. 바실 스투더(B. Studer)는 조안니가 간과한 부분 곧 암브로시우스의 작품에서 ‘죄의 용서’라는 개념이 다양하게 사용되고 있고 그런 개념이 끊임 없는 회개의 연속 과정이라는 점을 깨닫는다. 따라서 바실 스투더는 먼저 암브로시우스의 두 가지 역설 곧 성체를 받아 모시기 위해 세례와 공적 참회가 먼저 이루어져야 한다는 점과 성체성사가 죄를 용서해 준다는 점을 살펴본다. 이어서 암브로시우스에게 중요한 주제 곧 그리스도인의 매일의 약인 성체성사를 다루기 위하여 죄의 용서에 대한 토대를 예수 그리스도의 구원 활동(그리스도의 육화와 고통과 죽음)에서 찾고 있다. 끝으로 바실 스투더는 성체성사가 어느 정도에서 그리스도인의 죄를 용서해 줄 수 있는지에 대해 기술한다. 암브로시우스가 다양하게 사용하는 죄의 용서라는 개념을 파악할 때 성체성사의 화해적인 효과를 이해할 수 있다. 암브로시우스에게 죄의 용서라는 개념은 하느님께서 베풀어주시는 용서의 행위와 치유, 성화로 드러나기 보다는 오히려 하느님의 자비로운 개입의 결과 곧 모든 죄에서의 해방됨으로 나타난다. 나아가 암브로시우스는 죄의 용서를 그리스도와 항구한 결합으로 연결시킨다. 그는 우리가 언제나 죄를 짓는다는 사실 때문에 매일 영성체를 해야 한다는 근거를 제시하면서 공적 참회를 행할 필요가 없는 가벼운 죄에 대한 용서를 매일의 영성체에 부여한다. 인간적인 나약함으로 말미암아 죄를 짓고 사는 인간은 마지막 완성을 향하여 믿음과 사랑의 불로 끊임없이 자신의 영혼을 정화해야 한다. 이런 영혼의 정화 과정에서 반복적인 매일의 영성체는 매일의 약이므로 그리스도와 내면적인 결합을 이루도록 해 준다. 성체성사는 모든 이의 건강을 회복시켜 주며 죄의 상처를 낫게 해 주는 구원의 약이다.

Flexible, Extensible, and Efficient VANET Authentication

Studer, Ahren,Bai, Fan,Bellur, Bhargav,Perrig, Adrian The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2009 Journal of communications and networks Vol.11 No.6

Although much research has been conducted in the area of authentication in wireless networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) pose unique challenges, such as real-time constraints, processing limitations, memory constraints, frequently changing senders, requirements for interoperability with existing standards, extensibility and flexibility for future requirements, etc. No currently proposed technique addresses all of the requirements for message and entity authentication in VANETs. After analyzing the requirements for viable VANET message authentication, we propose a modified version of TESLA, TESLA++, which provides the same computationally efficient broadcast authentication as TESLA with reduced memory requirements. To address the range of needs within VANETs we propose a new hybrid authentication mechanism, VANET authentication using signatures and TESLA++ (VAST), that combines the advantages of ECDSA signatures and TESLA++. Elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) signatures provide fast authentication and non-repudiation, but are computationally expensive. TESLA++ prevents memory and computation-based denial of service attacks. We analyze the security of our mechanism and simulate VAST in realistic highway conditions under varying network and vehicular traffic scenarios. Simulation results show that VAST outperforms either signatures or TESLA on its own. Even under heavy loads VAST is able to authenticate 100% of the received messages within 107ms. VANETs use certificates to achieve entity authentication (i.e., validate senders). To reduce certificate bandwidth usage, we use Hu et al.'s strategy of broadcasting certificates at fixed intervals, independent of the arrival of new entities. We propose a new certificate verification strategy that prevents denial of service attacks while requiring zero additional sender overhead. Our analysis shows that these solutions introduce a small delay, but still allow drivers in a worst case scenario over 3 seconds to respond to a dangerous situation.

Flexible, Extensible, and Efficient VANET Authentication

Ahren Studer,Fan Bai,Bhargav Bellur,Adrian Perrig 한국통신학회 2009 Journal of communications and networks Vol.11 No.6

Although much research has been conducted in the area of authentication in wireless networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) pose unique challenges, such as real-time constraints, processing limitations, memory constraints, frequently changing senders, requirements for interoperability with existing standards, extensibility and flexibility for future requirements, etc. No currently proposed technique addresses all of the requirements for message and entity authentication in VANETs. After analyzing the requirements for viable VANET message authentication, we propose a modified version of TESLA, TESLA++, which provides the same computationally efficient broadcast authentication as TESLA with reduced memory requirements. To address the range of needs within VANETs we propose a new hybrid authentication mechanism, VANET authentication using signatures and TESLA++ (VAST), that combines the advantages of ECDSA signatures and TESLA++. Elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) signatures provide fast authentication and non-repudiation, but are computationally expensive. TESLA++ prevents memory and computation-based denial of service attacks. We analyze the security of our mechanism and simulate VAST in realistic highway conditions under varying network and vehicular traffic scenarios. Simulation results show that VAST outperforms either signatures or TESLA on its own. Even under heavy loads VAST is able to authenticate 100% of the received messages within 107ms. VANETs use certificates to achieve entity authentication (i.e., validate senders). To reduce certificate bandwidth usage, we use Hu et al.’s strategy of broadcasting certificates at fixed intervals, independent of the arrival of new entities. We propose a new certificate verification strategy that prevents denial of service attacks while requiring zero additional sender overhead. Our analysis shows that these solutions introduce a small delay, but still allow drivers in a worst case scenario over 3 seconds to respond to a dangerous situation.

Characteristics and natural history of patients with colorectal cancer complicated by infectious endocarditis. Case control study of 25 patients.

Oua?ssi, Mehdi,Studer, Anne-Sophie,Mege, Diane,Thuny, Franck,Boiron, Laurence,Loundou, Anderson,Pirr?, Nicolas,Hamed, Samy,Frasconi, Cecilia,Habib, Gilbert,Fournier, Pierre-Edouard,Collart, Fr?deric,S Potamitis Press 2014 Anticancer research Vol.34 No.1

<P>Association between streptococcal endocarditis and gastrointestinal disease has been well-documented in the literature. However oncological impact of this complicated presentation has not yet been reported. We have conducted to our knowledgethe first case-control study on this subject.</P>

LUXURY ECOSYSTEMS: TOWARDS A NEW MODUS OPERANDI FOR HIGH-END BRANDS IN A CHANGING WORLD OF LUXURY

Fabio Duma,Pirmin Studer 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11

RESEARCH ARTICLES : Mapping a New Source of Self-fertility in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

( Andrea Arias Aguirre ),( Bruno Studer ),( Javier Do Canto ),( Ursula Frei ),( Thomas Lubberstedt ) 한국육종학회 2013 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.1 No.4

There is a rising interest of moving towards hybrid breeding in out crossing species. Self-compatibility (SC), which occurs at low rates in self-incompatible species, could be used to develop inbred lines, a key requirement for hybrid breeding programs. In perennial ryegrass, the existence of SC independent from the self-incompatibility (SI) loci S and Z has been reported. In this study, we used 98 F2 individuals from a cross between a self-compatible ecotype and an individual of the VrnA mapping population that were tested with markers for two candidate linkage groups 3 and 5 as well as markers for candidate regions at the S and Z locus. We were able to determine a tentative location of a SC locus and tested the possible interaction to other loci involved in SI and SC. This information will help to fine map the SC locus, and for marker-assisted selection.

Empirical Analysis of Rate Limiting Mechanisms

Wong, C.,Bielski, S.,Studer, A.,Wang, C. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2006 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.3858 No.-

Actions of Prostaglandins on Human Nucleus Pulposus Metabolism Inferred by Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibition of Cytokine Activated Cells

Nam Vo,Brandon Couch,Joon Lee,Gwendolyn Sowa,James Kang,Studer Rebecca 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.1

Objective: Low back pain is frequently treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but little is known about intervertebral disc metabolism of the prostaglandins that are diminished by these drugs. Hence, this study aimed at delineating prostaglandin actions in cytokine activated disc cells by comparing the response of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β with and without cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition. Methods: NP cells cultured in alginate beads were activated with IL-1β±the COX-2 inhibitor Sc-58125. Media harvested from cultured cells were analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and nitric oxide by Griess Reaction. Gene expression along with proteoglycan, collagen, and total protein synthesis were also measured. Results: IL-1β increased culture media PGE2 and PGF2α, but decreased proteoglycan and collagen syntheses as well as mRNA expression of the matrix genes aggrecan, versican, collagen I, and collagen II. COX-2 inhibition partially rescued proteoglycan and collagen syntheses and collagen I mRNA, but decreased collagen II mRNA IL-1β activated NP cells. COX-2 inhibition initially enhanced and subsequently reduced IL-1β induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, without altering medium nitrite. IL-1β induction of MMP-3 mRNA was increased by COX-2 inhibition at 24 and 48 hours. Conclusion: COX-2 inhibition alters the response of NP cells to IL-1β, suggesting IL-1β action on disc cells is mediated at least in part through COX-2 and its prostaglandins. COX-2 inhibition produces minimal effects on several key catabolic mediators, with the exception of MMP-3. Blocking COX-2 might be beneficial for maintaining disc matrix since it provides an overall rescue of IL-1 induced loss of matrix protein synthesis.