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Kim, Jeong-Soo,Devor, Steven T,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Park, Soon-Young 대한비만학회 2002 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.11 No.4
연구배경 : 본 연구는 한국인 성인 (15명)과 국가대표 육상선수 (12명)를 대상으로 생체측정법과 DEXA법 (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Method)에 의한 체구성 비교가 그 목적이었으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 방법 : 한국인 성인과 국가대표육상선수들을 대상으로 생체 (신장과 체중)를 측정하였고, 또한 같은 대상을 DEXA 법에 의해 자동 촬영하였으며 이를 분석 비교하였다. 결과 : 평균연령은 운동선수군이 21.9±1.1세였으며, 성인군은 21.2±2.1세였다. DEXA 법에 의한 체지방량과 율은 육상선수군이 9.9±21. KG (14.2±2.2%) 였고, 성인군은 14.7±5.9 kg (22.1±5.4%) 으로 일반성인군이 육상선수군보다 체지방량과 율이 높았으며 (p<0.01), 동일 대상군을 대상으로 생체측정법에 의한 체지방량과 율은 육상선수군이 13.76±1.24 kg (20.0±1.8%)였고, 일반성인군은 13.03±2.17 kg (19.8±3.3%) 으로 양군에 통계학적 차이가 없었다 (NS). 한편 육상선수군의 경우 DEXA법과 생체측정법간의 체지방량과 율이 크게 차이를 보였으나 (P<0.001), 일반성인군은 큰 차이가 없었다 (NS). 그러므로 생체측정법은 육상선수군의 체지방량 측정은 타당하지 않았으나, DEXA, 법에 의한 측정은 타당하였다. 일반인의 경우 생체측정법이나 DEXA 법 사용이 모두 타당하였다. 결론 : 한국 성인의 체격 표준은 크게 향상되었는데 이는 의심할 여지도 없이 상당부분 식품의 향상에 의한 것이다. 이것은 주로 국가의경제발전에 기인하며, 체격의 향상에 이어 체지방량과 율이 증가하고 있었다. 체지방량의 비율은 일반성인군보다 육상선수군이 낮았다 (P<0.001). This study has been aimed to study of the body composition by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry of 12 athletes of Korea National team and 15 adults in control group by Nuclear department of J.I. Hospital Seoul, Korea. The average age was 21.9±1.1 years old in athletes and 21.2±2.1 years old in adults, respectively. The average body fat amount and percentage of athletes and adults group obtained by the DEXA method is 9.9±2.1kg (14.2±2.2%) and 14.7±5.9 kg (22.1±5.4%), and on the other hand that anthropometric is 13.76±1.24kg (20.0±1.8%) and 13.03±2.17 kg (19.8±3.3%) respectively. There is statistically difference between athletes and adults of the body fat amount obtained by DEXA method (p<0.01) and that by anthropometric method is no statistically significant difference between them (N.S.) It is therefore possible to compare the latest results obtained by the DEXA method with those obtained by the traditional method. Looking at these comparisons, it can be said that, overall, the physical standards of Korean adult people have been greatly improve and that is no doubt largely due to the improvement in their diet. This is due mainly to the nation's economic development and this improvements in physique is accompanied by an increase in the body fat percentage. The rate of body fat weight is lower athletes than adults in control group.
Src-like adaptor protein regulates osteoclast generation and survival
Kim, Hyun-Ju,Zou, Wei,Ito, Yuji,Kim, Shin-Yoon,Chappel, Jean,Ross, F. Patrick,Teitelbaum, Steven L. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of cellular biochemistry Vol.110 No.1
<P>Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) is a hematopoietic adaptor containing Src homology (SH)3 and SH2 motifs and a unique carboxy terminus. Unlike c-Src, SLAP lacks a tyrosine kinase domain. We investigated the role of SLAP in osteoclast development and resorptive function. Employing SLAP-deficient mice, we find lack of the adaptor enhances in vitro proliferation of osteoclast precursors in the form of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), without altering their survival. Furthermore, osteoclastogenic markers appear more rapidly in SLAP−/− BMMs exposed to RANK ligand (RANKL). The accelerated proliferation of M-CSF-treated, SLAP-deficient precursors is associated with enhanced ERK activation. SLAP's role as a mediator of M-CSF signaling, in osteoclastic cells, is buttressed by complexing of the adaptor protein and c-Fms in lipid rafts. Unlike c-Src, SLAP does not impact resorptive function of mature osteoclasts but induces their early apoptosis. Thus, SLAP negatively regulates differentiation of osteoclasts and proliferation of their precursors. Conversely, SLAP decreases osteoclast death by inhibiting activation of caspase 3. These counterbalancing events yield indistinguishable bones of WT and SLAP−/− mice which contain equal numbers of osteoclasts in basal and stimulated conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 201–209, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Prediction of carotenoid content in tomato fruit using a fluorescence screening method
Kim, Dong Sub,Lee, Da Uhm,Choi, Jeong Hee,Kim, Steven,Lim, Jeong Ho Elsevier 2019 Postharvest biology and technology Vol.156 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Many nondestructive techniques have been developed and used for the prediction of phytochemical content in fruit. Colorimeters are usually used to predict carotenoid content in tomato fruit. The objective of this study was to explore the accuracy of the fluorescence indices as a predictor of carotenoid content in tomato fruit compared to the accuracy of the color indices. Several fluorescence indices were highly correlated with the color indices. Especially, FRF_B, FRF_G, FRF_R, BGF_B, BGF_G, and ANTH_RG were highly correlated with a* and a*/b* with a correlation R between 0.914 and 0.965 (R<SUP>2</SUP> between 0.83 and 0.93). FRF_B, FRF_G, BGF_B and BGF_G were highly correlated with lycopene (R<SUP>2</SUP> between 0.31 and 0.43) and with β-carotene (R<SUP>2</SUP> between 0.20 and 0.27). These correlations were as high as the correlations between the carotenoids and key color indices such as a* and a*/b* values (R<SUP>2</SUP> between 0.37 and 0.39 for lycopene and between 0.24 and 0.27 for β-carotene). When lycopene and β-carotene were predicted using principal component analysis, six fluorescence indices (BGF_R, BGF_G, BGF_B, FRF_R, FRF_G, and FRF_B) showed similar predictive performance when compared to color indices based on cross-validation. A potential shortcoming of a colorimetric method can be found when a sample surface has non-homogeneous colors because it measures only a small area, and this fluorescence method can overcome the shortcoming due to a larger measurement area. Therefore, from practical perspectives, the use of fluorescence indices can be a more effective nondestructive method without a loss of predictive power for the carotenoid content of tomato fruit when compared to the traditional use of color indices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Many fluorescence indices showed high correlation with carotenoid content. </LI> <LI> PCA with fluorescence indices resulted in better prediction than with color indices. </LI> <LI> A fluorescence method is recommended for predicting carotenoid content in tomato. </LI> </UL> </P>
Regression-based mediation analysis: a formula for the bias due to an unobserved precursor variable
Kim Steven B.,Lee Joonghak 한국통계학회 2021 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.50 No.4
Researchers want to know whether the change in an explanatory variable X affects the change in a response variable Y (i.e., X causes Y). In practice, there can be two causal paths from X to Y, the path through a mediating variable M (indirect effect) and the path not through M (direct effect). The parameter estimation and hypothesis testing can be performed by a regression-based mediation model. It is already known that randomization of X is not enough for unbiased estimation, and the bias due to an unobserved variable has been discussed in literature but often overlooked. In this article, we first review the challenge under a simple mediation model, then we provide a formula for the exact bias due to an unobserved precursor variable W, the variable which potentially causes the changes in X, M, and/or Y. We present simulation studies to demonstrate the impact of an unobserved precursor variable on hypothesis testing for indirect effect and direct effect. The simulation results show that the inflation of type I error is serious particularly in a large sample study. To numerically demonstrate the formula of the exact bias, a popular data set published in a journal of statistics education is revisited, and we quantify why the conclusion of data analysis can be different before and after accounting for the precursor variable. The result shall remind the importance of a precursor variable in mediation analysis.