중국 일 종합병원에서 적정 간호인력 추정을 위한 환자분류체계의 타당성 검증

이동매(Dong Mei Lee),송영선(Sun Song Young) 한국간호행정학회 2005 간호행정학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was to setup the basis on hospital and national nursing manpower estimation accurately according to apply patient classification system of Song`s study to China hospital system. Method: This study was surveyed to 964 patients at surgical and medical ward on Yanbian University Hospital in China from 17th to 31th January, 2005, Results: There was study results to test hypotheses for estimating optimal nursing manpower as follows, First, a trimodel classification scheme was developed which suggested three categories of patients as minimal care (category 1), moderate care (category 2), intensive care (category 3), Second, there was not significant difference with nursing time by sex, Third, there was not significant difference with nursing time by medical wards. Fourth, there was not significant difference with average nursing care time for each category of patients. Category 1 was estimated to spend average 19.59minutes for patients, Category 2 was about 35.68 minutes, Category 3 was 72.07minutes respectively, Total nursing hours was 62,610minutes, Conclusion: Patient classification system of Song`s study is validity for nursing manpower of hospital in China.

중국 일 종합병원에서 적적 간호인력 추정을 위한 환자분류체계의 타당성 검증

이동매,송영선 대한간호학회 간호행정학회 2005 간호행정학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was to setup the basis on hospital and national nursing manpower estimation accurately according to apply patient classification system of Song's study to China hospital system. Method: This study was surveyed to 964 patients at surgical and medical ward on Yanbian University Hospital in China from 17th to 31th January, 2005. Results: There was study results to test hypotheses for estimating optimal nursing manpower as follows. First, a trimodel classification scheme was developed which suggested three categories of patients as minimal care(category 1), moderate care(category 2), intensive care(category 3). Second, there was not significant difference with nursing time by sex. Third, there was not significant difference with nursing time by medical wards. Fourth, there was not significant difference with average nursing care time for each category of patients. Category 1 was estimated to spend average 19.59minutes for patients, Category 2 was about 35.68 minutes, Category 3 was 72.07minutes respectively. Total nursing hours was 62,610 minutes. Conclusion: Patient classification system of Song's study is validity for optimal nursing manpower of hospital in China.

A Novel EYA1 Mutation Causing Alternative RNA Splicing in a Chinese Family With Branchio-Oto Syndrome: Implications for Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Application

Anhai Chen,Chufeng He,Yong Feng,Jie Ling,Xin Peng,Xianlin Liu,Shuang Mao,Yongjia Chen,Mengyao Qin,Shuai Zhang,Yijiang Bai,Jian Song,Zhili Feng,Lu Ma,Dinghua He,Lingyun Mei1 대한이비인후과학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.16 No.4

Objectives. Branchio-oto syndrome (BOS) primarily manifests as hearing loss, preauricular pits, and branchial defects. EYA1is the most common pathogenic gene, and splicing mutations account for a substantial proportion of cases. However,few studies have addressed the structural changes in the protein caused by splicing mutations and potential pathogenicfactors, and several studies have shown that middle-ear surgery has limited effectiveness in improving hearing in thesepatients. BOS has also been relatively infrequently reported in the Chinese population. This study explored the ge-netic etiology in the family of a proband with BOS and provided clinical treatment to improve the patient’s hearing. Methods. We collected detailed clinical features and peripheral blood samples from the patients and unaffected individualswithin the family. Pathogenic mutations were identified by whole-exome sequencing and cosegregation analysis andclassified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Alternative splicing wasverified through a minigene assay. The predicted three-dimensional protein structure and biochemical experimentswere used to investigate the pathogenicity of the mutation. The proband underwent middle-ear surgery and was fol-lowed up at 1 month and 6 months postoperatively to monitor auditory improvement. Results. A novel heterozygous EYA1 splicing variant (c.1050+4 A >C) was identified and classified as pathogenic (PVS1(RNA),PM2, PP1). Skipping of exon 11 of the EYA1 pre-mRNA was confirmed using a minigene assay. This mutation mayimpair EYA1-SIX1 interactions, as shown by an immunoprecipitation assay. The EYA1-Mut protein exhibited cellularmislocalization and decreased protein expression in cytological experiments. Middle-ear surgery significantly improvedhearing loss caused by bone-conduction abnormalities in the proband. Conclusion. We reported a novel splicing variant of EYA1 in a Chinese family with BOS and revealed the potential molec-ular pathogenic mechanism. The significant hearing improvement observed in the proband after middle-ear surgeryprovides a reference for auditory rehabilitation in similar patients.

Hot slot die coating for additive-free fabrication of high performance roll-to-roll processed polymer solar cells

Song, Seyeong,Lee, Kang Taek,Koh, Chang Woo,Shin, Hyebeom,Gao, Mei,Woo, Han Young,Vak, Doojin,Kim, Jin Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.11 No.11

<P>Hot solution deposition has emerged as a promising strategy to achieve high performance polymer solar cells and many state-of-the-art devices have been recently fabricated by this approach in research laboratories. Currently, a major challenge in the photovoltaics community is translating such methodologies into industrially relevant processes so that progress can be made beyond the research community. In this work, hot deposition is developed <I>via</I> a slot die coating process, using a thermally robust and thickness tolerant photovoltaic polymer and a 3D printer-based slot die coater. This method uses not only hot substrates but also hot solutions. We find that controlling solution and substrate temperatures is critical to achieve optimum morphology and high device performance. Analysis of nano-morphology and molecular packing shows a clear influence of both solution and substrate temperatures. At optimal temperature conditions (80 °C head−80 °C substrate), slot die coated devices with an inverted configuration exhibited up to a 7.61% power conversion efficiency without using additives or other processing treatments, which are detrimental to stability and processing efficiency. The optimum temperature combination was readily scaled up using roll-to-roll processing equipment without further optimization, yielding flexible polymer solar cells with a 7.06% power conversion efficiency, demonstrating the potential of the hot slot die coating method from an industrial perspective.</P>

Ultrathin Trilayer Assemblies as Long-Lived Barriers against Water and Ion Penetration in Flexible Bioelectronic Systems

Song, Enming,Li, Rui,Jin, Xin,Du, Haina,Huang, Yuming,Zhang, Jize,Xia, Yu,Fang, Hui,Lee, Yoon Kyeung,Yu, Ki Jun,Chang, Jan-Kai,Mei, Yongfeng,Alam, Muhammad A.,Huang, Yonggang,Rogers, John A. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.10

<P>Biomedical implants that incorporate active electronics and offer the ability to operate in a safe, stable fashion for long periods of time must incorporate defect-free layers as barriers to biofluid penetration. This paper reports an engineered material approach to this challenge that combines ultrathin, physically transferred films of silicon dioxide (t-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>) thermally grown on silicon wafers, with layers of hafnium oxide (HfO<SUB>2</SUB>) formed by atomic layer deposition and coatings of parylene (Parylene C) created by chemical vapor deposition, as a dual-sided encapsulation structure for flexible bioelectronic systems. Accelerated aging tests on passive/active components in platforms that incorporate active, silicon-based transistors suggest that this trilayer construct can serve as a robust, long-lived, defect-free barrier to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution at a physiological pH of 7.4. Reactive diffusion modeling and systematic immersion experiments highlight fundamental aspects of water diffusion and hydrolysis behaviors, with results that suggest lifetimes of many decades at physiological conditions. A combination of ion-diffusion tests under continuous electrical bias, measurements of elemental concentration profiles, and temperature-dependent simulations reveals that this encapsulation strategy can also block transport of ions that would otherwise degrade the performance of the underlying electronics. These findings suggest broad utility of this trilayer assembly as a reliable encapsulation strategy for the most demanding applications in chronic biomedical implants and high-performance flexible bioelectronic systems.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Multi-objective energy-cost design optimization for the variable-speed wind turbine at high-altitude sites

Song, Dongran,Liu, Junbo,Yang, Jian,Su, Mei,Yang, Sheng,Yang, Xuebing,Joo, Young Hoon Elsevier 2019 Energy conversion and management Vol.196 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>As the development of wind power utilization, onshore wind turbines have been installed at various sites with different altitudes. Although the site-specific design is an effective way to reduce the levelized energy cost of the wind turbines, the influence of the site altitude on the energy cost is not considered in the existing site-specific designs. To fill the knowledge gap, this study presents the site-specific design optimization of the wind turbines at the high-altitude sites, based on a multi-objective trade-off between maximization of the energy production and minimization of the production cost. For this purpose, two improved estimation models of the annual energy production and the annual production cost are firstly introduced for the high-altitude wind turbines. On this basis, the multi-objective energy-cost optimization problem is formulated as two nonlinear functions relevant to two key designed parameters: the rated power and the rotor radius. After that, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization method is proposed. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the Huitengxile and Maanshan wind farms, located in Inner Mongolia and Yunnan-Kweichow plateaus of China, respectively. The results show that the energy cost has been noticeably increased by about 15% and 18% in the two applications comparing with the results ignoring the site altitude. Moreover, a trade-off between various alternative energy-cost solutions has been provided by the generated set of the optimally designed parameters. Thus, a two-step criterion has been proposed to help the turbine designers select the designed parameters according to their preference.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Multi-objective optimization for the site-specific turbine design. </LI> <LI> Improved energy and cost estimations for the high-altitude wind turbine. </LI> <LI> Proposed method applied to two high-altitude wind farms. </LI> <LI> Trade-off results between the energy and the cost in the two applications. </LI> <LI> Novel two-step criterion for selecting the optimally designed parameters. </LI> </UL> </P>

Optical transition dynamics in ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum well structures with different well widths grown on ZnO substrates

Song-Mei Li,Bong-Joon Kwon,Ho-Sang Kwack,Li-Hua Jin,Yong-Hoon Cho,Young-Sin Park,Myung-Soo Han,Young-Sik Park 한국진공학회 2010 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.38 No.-

Experimental study on water exchange between crack and clay matrix

Song, Lei,Li, Jinhui,Garg, Ankit,Mei, Guoxiong Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.3

Cracks in soil provide significant preferential pathways for contaminant transport and rainfall infiltration. Water exchange between the soil matrix and crack is crucial to characterize the preferential flow, which is often quantitatively described by a water exchange ratio. The water exchange ratio is defined as the amount of water flowing from the crack into the clay matrix per unit time. Most of the previous studies on the water exchange ratio mainly focused on cracked sandy soils. The water exchange between cracks and clay matrix were rarely studied mainly due to two reasons: (1) Cracks open upon drying and close upon wetting. The deformable cracks lead to a dynamic change in the water exchange ratio. (2) The aperture of desiccation crack in clay is narrow (generally 0.5 mm to 5 mm) which is difficult to model in experiments. This study will investigate the water exchange between a deformable crack and the clay matrix using a newly developed experimental apparatus. An artificial crack with small aperture was first fabricated in clay without disturbing the clay matrix. Water content sensors and suction sensors were instrumented at different places of the cracked clay to monitor the water content and suction changes. Results showed that the water exchange ratio was relatively large at the initial stage and decreased with the increasing water content in clay matrix. The water exchange ratio increased with increasing crack apertures and approached the largest value when the clay was compacted at the water content to the optimal water content. The effective hydraulic conductivity of the crack-clay matrix interface was about one order of magnitude larger than that of saturated soil matrix.

Frequency Hopping CR MAC Protocol in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Network

Mei Bie,Zhe Wang,Wei Xiao,Kai Song 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.9

To insure the fairness for the Cognitive Radio (CR) nodes with various available channels, a frequency hopping CR MAC protocol based dynamic (named DCR-MAC) is proposed. In the case of uneven distribution of frequency spectrum in cognitive Ad Hoc network, based on the numbers of workable channels of each cognitive node, DCR-MAC protocol adjusts access time dynamically, ensuring the node priority access channel number, in order to improve the overall performance of the network. Meanwhile, against the problem of the multi-channel hidden terminal which appears in cognitive network of single wireless interface configuration, through introducing the "data segment" mechanism, and informing present channels occupied condition of adjacent node via receiving node, DCR-MAC protocol broadcast of channel occupation in transmission channel, and prohibit possible data transmission of adjacent node, in order to solve this problem on this account. Finally, proving that DCR-MAC protocol is obviously excelled other FH CR MAC protocols in through put capacity, packet access delay, accessing fairness which through network simulation.

The effects of life and death education on the meaning of life, attitude on terminating life support, and Personality

Mei Ling Song 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Purpose: Life and Death education is an education that helps people to understand life and death correctly, values the present life, and allows them to live more meaningfully. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of life and death education on meaning of life, perception of death, attitude on terminating life support, and personality of nursing school students. Methods: The subjects of this study were college of nursing students, who was taking life and death classes at first year of college. The contents of classes were prepared referenced by the thanatology, and well-dying education. The education was consisted of 13 weeks and the contents were consisted with history of death education, the different definitions of death, the death problems of elderly, hospice care, life-sustaining treatment decision related act, death-related legal issue, the funeral culture, and bereavement management of family, meaning of life, and happiness and so on. For investigating the effect of the education, we investigated the meaning of life, attitude of death, perception of death, perception of hospice, attitude on terminating life support, concept of good death, and personality. The data were collected at two times that were at the beginning of the education, and after the education. For analyzing the results, we did pared-test analysis, using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Total 142 students answered the questionnaires. After taking the life and death education, the meaning of life, perception of death, perception of hospice, attitude on terminating life support, concept of good death, and personality have been significantly changed. Conclusion: According to the results, life and death education can help the nursing students to build positive perception of death, meaning of life, and personality, thus life and death class is a necessary and important class for nursing school students.