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Spiro Structured Polyfluorene Derivatives with Solubilizing Alkyl Chains
Vak, Doojin,Shin, Se jin,Kim, Dong-Yu 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2
Polyfluorenes with spiro structure chains were synthesized. Dinydroanthracene containing polyfluorene derivatives showed nearly the same optical properties as polydialkylfluorenes, however, the polymer exhibited greatly enhanced thermal properties followed by reduced harmful aggregate formation. The photoluminescence emission of the polymer film showed pure blue emission even after annealing at 200℃ for 15 hours in air. Electroluminescence spectrum also showed high color purity. Triphenylamine containing polyfluorene derivatives were also synthesized. The polymer showed enhanced thermal properties as well as increased HOMO energy level which could improve the hole injecting and transporting properties.
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農漁村地域社會 住民의 協同的 價値觀 樹立을 爲한 試案에 關한 硏究
羅博,曺武成 광운대학교 1972 論文集 Vol.2 No.-
There have been made some discussions and insistences that the most serious problem in Korea is "Modernization" with relation to the national development or the nation building, and the modernization of Korea will not be accomplished without that of the rural communities. As a matter of fact, the modernization task in the rural communities seems to be a condition precedent among many conditions in a transitional society like Korea. The concept, "Modernization" has been sometimes dealt with the same meaning of terms as national development or an economic development and a political modernization in nation building. However, the concept of "Modernization" or "Development" in Korean society gives impetous to an great awakening of its constituents, while on the other, they seem wrongly understood that concept as "Westernization" or "Industrialization" of their local communities. Modernization means, I believe, the process of change in the various aspects of spiritual and material phenomena. In accordance with the above mentioned, the modernization in the rural communities should cannot the change of the various problems, and before anything else, the change of thoughts, attitudes and values of the inhabitants will be preceded. And also to exploit their intellectual faculties will be accomplished too. It is because that social change may be mainly caused and be related to a functional formula by belief system and value orientations of its inhabitants. Besides personal factor in the nation development or the nation building is inclined to be considered as an important matter among the other factors, and at the same time, the establishment of value orientation by the inhabitants is an urgent problem which the most developing countries have confronted. In transitional society, the assumption that its constituents' traditional and closed belief system will be slowly changed into the modern and open and through harmonizing with the existing ethical system rests on the fact that value system of human beings will build up more rational progressive social change on the open belief system. Therefore, if there is a way to change the inhabitants' way of thinking into more rational and scientific orientation, their attitudes and value-orientation will bring modernity which keeps the better environment and their need for achievement toward a sustained growth of national development will be realized along with. At present, in our rural communities, the cooperative organizations (in forms by formal or informal organization), which are mostly based upon the inhabitants' cooperative consciousness and perpetual ties, should undertake to realize need for developing the local communities and to build up the national identity by an imposed value or a derived value. For solving those problems there, may be suggested the new approaches; to unify the present cooperative organizations into the frame as "New community Farm." And "New Community Farm" may be build up through re-organizing the lower administrative unit, Ri(里) or Dong(洞) as a strategic unit for national reconstruction. "New Community Farm" will control the inhabitants' need for achievement, strengthen the perpetual ties among Korean people and realize the national identity with the present operating "New Community Movement."
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유박영 대한폐경학회 1996 대한폐경학회지 Vol.2 No.1
In a world sense, with increase longevity, menopausal status is placed on the middle of one`s life. These remainder of menopausal women`s life is too long time to be absentmindedness. Even if there is a difference, as it`s starting point, bring on a physical change is influenced quality of life. The one`s menopausal status is a critical time in a woman`s life and required closer harmony system of multidisciplinary professional fields to care. So menopause field was enlarged and taken place independent new professional department with assimilated them. As a result, it produce many academic achievements. One thing, we aware of that estrogen prevent circulatory disease as well as osteoporosis from its vascular benefit effects. So we are expected better cycle of further extended longevity. Recently, with a rise in the standard scale of living in our country, quality of life became center of public interest. Therefore, thought it is time we began to desirable approach and work out a countermeasure of climacteric, menopause care. Anyhow, still there is a lot of women who thought herself having osteoporosis, suffering flushes. Although, they have a mistaken idea of hot flushes, it might be not bad to woman herself who has menopausal status, coming to menopausal clinic and being given climacteric care. Otherwise, it is rare women who consult to physician without particular symptoms such as hot flushes and know for a fact that it`s possible there are many symptoms and signals to take a turn for the worse disease at menopausal status as it`s starting point. Preventing osteoporosis is important regarding quality of life but it is beyond comparison circulatory disease in morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. All the more, it leaves something to get rid of burden for well known risk of estrogen in use for osteoporosis so far. But in our country, the leading causes of death of postmenopausal women are cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease too. And then death from cardiovascular disease is reduced in women receiving estrogen replacement therapy(ERT) which was confirmed in multi-center studies such as the PEPI trial etc. So these burden can be much offset by cardiovasculer effect of estrogen in weighing benefits and risks. There is no room for doubt that postmenopausal estrogen use increase longevity as well as improves the quality of life. So menopausal status is quite required positive care and very suggested to recognize a signal for the future. In this paper, my aim is to establish to the extend that menopausal status has to not to leave as simply the physiological phenomenon or natural, and the ERT is more focused on prevent cardiovascular decease which associated with significant morbidity and mortality. So I reviewed menopausal status and incidence of circulatory disease, and studied the state of menarche, menopause both natural and surgical respectively, early menopause, and hot flushes for reference of concept of menopause in Korean women. The results are as follows- 1. Age distribution at menarche(Table 1): median age was 15.7 years and the onset age was as following order of aged 15(24.1%), 16(21.5%), 14(19.0%), 17(17.7%), 18(7.0%), 19(5.1%), 13(2.5%), 12(2.9%), and 20(1.3%) (Fig. 1). 2. There were no correlation of menarche and menopause ages(p=0.245)(Fig. 2). 3. Natural menopause and its median age mainly distributed age of between 49, 50.(Fig. 3). The mean of natural menopause was aged 47.9 and the mean of surgical menopause was aged 42.9. The lowest age of menopause was aged 35 and the peak age was aged 58. The early menopause was 8.4% and surgical menopause was 13.0% 4. Hot flushes 43.5% at menopausal status(Fig. 4). There was no correlation of menopausal status and hot flushes(p=0.23). But the prevalence of hot flushes was order of 47.7% at perimenopause, 39.3% at postmenopause(Fig. 5) and 43.0% at premenopause group(Table 2) respectively. This study and review showed earlier onset of menopause age and some higher percentage of early menopause, nevertheless, lower percentage of menopausal symptom, hot flushes compare to Western countries. It means that there is a very strong chance of a high incidence of osteoporosis and circulatory disease by treatment opportunity slip than that of Western countries. Therefore, joining the ranks of advanced countries with the national income per head over ten thousand dollars, it is stressed the need of menopausal status care for a rise in quality of life as increase in postmenopausal population and a promotion middle and midbeyond women`s health.
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식이성 에스트로겐 : Lignans 와 Isoflavonoids Lignans and Isoflavonoids
유박영 대한폐경학회 1995 대한폐경학회지 Vol.1 No.1
"The phyto-een was big issue at recent conferance in foreign menopause societies, in the view of that soy protein is a staple of the diet of Asian countries where the incidence of hormone dependent disease is significantly lower than in that of the Western countries. According to the studies by Dr. H.Adlercreatz, Isoflavonoids, in the form of soy products, are potentially very interesting compounds for the treatment of postmenopausal symptomes and for simultaneous prevention of cancer especially hormone dependent disease and cancer such as osteeoparosis, breast cancer and prostate cancer. With regard to lignans, the cstrogenic activity is low but thier role as cancer protective compounds may be similar to that of the isoflavonoids. As an Asian consuming traditional Korean diet, soysause and soybean paste, it is so interesting issue that I reviewcd. However I wish to bring the mention soy products must be fantastic foods as have been studied so far but it couldnt be all of representative therapy of menopause under changing in dietery habits or irrespective of changing in dietery habits. However, there is no doubt that further work in this area is needed and consuming appropriate amount of soy product as traditional diet is highly recommended. "
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