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四物湯이 腹腔 Macrophage 의 貪食能에 미치는 影響
全熏,殷載淳,宋正模 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.2
Samultang(SMT) consists of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Cnidii Rhizoma and Angelicae Gigantis Radix. SMT enhanced the lucigenin chemiluminescence and the engulfment of fluorescein-conjugated E. coli particles and did not affect the production of nitric oxide in murine peritoneal macrophage. SMT enhanced the production of γ-interferon, interleukin-2 and the cell viability in murine thymocyte, but did not affect the production of interleukin-4. These results indicate that SMT enhances the phagocytosis of macrophage via the stimulation of γ-interferon production in T_H1 cells.
Lidocaie으로 試圖한 脊椎麻醉의 臨床經驗 : 2170 症例 2170 cases
全在奎,鄭正吉,宋明道,金鎭模 대한마취과학회 1977 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.10 No.3
This study was primarily undertaken to assess the value of lidocaine as a spinal analgesic for lower abdominal surgery because of the many advantages of it. However, lidocaine has been little used for spinal analgesia in spite of the fact that the use of it has been well publicized by T. Gordh, Barbara W. Adams and Otto C. Phillips. This is the 1st attempt to use lidocaine in Korea for a spinal analgesia. Since 1974, 2170 cases of spinal analgesia using premixed lidocaine solution(5% lidocaine+5% dextrose) were recorded by the Dong San Medical Center, describing the merits, storage of premixed solution, caramerization when autoclaving and the disadvantage of premixed lidocaine solution. According to the previous reports by Phillips and Adams, lidocaine spinal anesthesia was used mostly for vaginal delivery, prostatectomy, and perineal procedure. The dose of lidocaine ranged from 40㎎ or less to 100㎎, However, in this study, most lower abdominal surgery and lower extremity procedures were performed under lidocaine spinal anesthesia in doses ranging between 100 to 200㎎. Also, high and total sipnal anesthesia was induced using large doses of 5% lidocaine of 300㎎ to 750㎎ for upper abdominal operations such as cholecystectomy, gastrectomy, mastectomy, and tonsillectomy. The duration was about an hour for cesarean section when 75㎎ of lidocaine was used, about one and a half hours was utilized for ordinary lower abdominal surgery when 100㎎ to 200㎎ of lidocaine was used. As a result of this study, we can summarize as follows: 1. The lidocaine that is an amide derivative is an excellent substitute for pontocaine which is an ester compound to obtained good analgesia for lower abdominal surgery. 2. The premixed solution (5% lidocaine+5% dextrose) can be stored at room temperature safely for many years without decomposition of the mixture or affecting the anesthesia effect. 3. 5% concentration of lidocaine was adequate and convenient clinically. Please note that a 5% dextrose solution was most suitable in this premixed hyperbaric solution (S.G. 1021) to prevent caramelization during autoclaving. 4. At the onset of action, lidocaine was rapid, therefore patients were able to feel the effect almost instantaneously at injection time. 5. No anesthetic failures from lidocaine were observed and the onset of action was clear and well marked. This was in contrast to the failures observed when using pontocaine occasionally. 6. Large doese of lidocaine were used but no signs of lidocaine toxicity were observed, other than a physiological change from high spinal anesthesia. 7. The lidocaine appeared to have the one disadvantage of poor fixation behaviour, and therefore, there was an increased possibility of hypotension in comparison with pontocaine. These hypotensions can be easily prevented by the intravenous injection of ephedrine. 8. The postspinal complications in Korean patients were closely observed, and deliberate high and total spinal anesthesia were studied in this article. Details will be prepared and reported at a later date. 9. The premixed 5% lidocaine with 5% dextrose was prepared by Dong San Hospital pharmacy.
Analysis and blocking of error propagation by region-dependent noisy data in MREIT
Yizhuang SONG,Hyeuknam KWON,Kiwan JEON,Yoon Mo JUNG,Jin Keun SEO,Eung Je WOO 한국산업응용수학회 2011 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.6 No.2
Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) aims to visualize a conductivity distribution inside the human body. In MREIT, we inject current to produce a current density J and magnetic flux density B inside the body, and measure Bz which is the z-component of B using an MRI scanner with its main field in z direction. Using fundamental relations between the measured Bz and the conductivity, we can reconstruct cross-sectional images of the internal conductivity distribution. We adopt the harmonic Bz algorithm, which is based on the key observation that ▽²Bz reveals changes in log of the conductivity distribution along any equipotential curve on an imaging slice. When we apply the method to measured Bz data from animal or human subjects, however, there occur a few technical difficulties that are mainly related with measurement errors in Bz data especially in a local region where MR signals are very small. This demands innovative data processing methods based on a rigorous mathematical analysis of such defective data. We carefully investigate sources of the error and its adverse effects on the image reconstruction process. We suggest a new error propagation blocking algorithm to prevent defective data at one local region from influencing badly on conductivity images of other regions. We experimentally examine the performance of the proposed method by comparing reconstructed images with and without applying the error propagation blocking algorithm. We found that the error blocking algorithm improves the accuracy of reconstructed conductivity images.
ANALYSIS AND BLOCKING OF ERROR PROPAGATION IN MREIT
Yizhuang SONG,Hyeuknam KWON,Kiwan JEON,Yoon Mo JUNG,Jin Keun SEO,Eung Je WOO 한국산업응용수학회 2011 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.6 No.2
Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) aims to visualize a conductivity distribution inside the human body. When we apply the harmonic Bz algorithm to measured Bz data from animal or human subjects, there occur a few technical difficulties that are mainly related with measurement errors in Bz data especially in a local region where MR signals are very small. We investigate sources of the error and its adverse effects on the image reconstruction process. We suggest a new error propagation blocking algorithm to prevent defective data at one local region from influencing badly on conductivity images of other regions. We experimentally examine the performance of the proposed method by comparing reconstructed images with and without applying the error propagation blocking algorithm.
Lee, Jangwoo,Jeon, Jong Hun,Shin, Jingyeong,Jang, Hyun Min,Kim, Sungpyo,Song, Myoung Seok,Kim, Young Mo Elsevier 2017 The Science of the total environment Vol.605 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, quantitative and qualitative changes in antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) treating pretreated livestock or industrial wastewater as well as municipal sewage. Total eight ARGs (<I>tet</I>X, <I>tet</I>M, <I>tet</I>A, <I>sul</I>1, <I>sul</I>2, <I>erm</I>B, <I>qnr</I>D, and <I>bla</I> <SUB>TEM</SUB>) were quantified, and their relative abundance was assessed by ARGs copies/16S rRNA gene copies. The fate of ARGs was observed to be different between two WWTPs: <I>sul</I>, <I>qnr</I>D, and <I>bla</I> <SUB>TEM</SUB> were proliferated during the treatment processes only in the WWTP1 which received pretreated livestock wastewater. Furthermore, dynamic shifts in patterns of ARGs occurrence were observed during biological, secondary sedimentation and coagulation processes. During biological treatment in both WWTPs, relative abundance of <I>tet</I> and <I>erm</I>B changed: <I>tet</I> increased significantly by 211.6–357.6%, while <I>erm</I>B decreased by 70.4–92.0%. Little variation was observed in <I>sul</I>, <I>qnr</I>D and <I>bla</I> <SUB>TEM</SUB>. Subsequently, the relative abundance of <I>tet</I> decreased during the secondary sedimentation and coagulation in both WWTPs: <I>tet</I> decreased by 56.0–86.3% during sedimentation and by 48.2–75.7% during coagulation, respectively. During the final treatment, different responses of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and ARGs to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection were found: removal efficiencies of ARB were observed in the range of 34–75%, while obvious reduction in ARGs was not observed at the UV dose of 27mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Although ARGs underwent various treatment processes, considerable levels of ARGs remained at discharge amounting to 4.2×10<SUP>18</SUP> copies/day from WWTP1 and 5.4×10<SUP>16</SUP> copies/day from WWTP2, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Quantitative and qualitative changes in ARGs were investigated in WWTPs. </LI> <LI> Changes were unique for each ARG community while undergoing treatment processes. </LI> <LI> Variation in ARGs was largest during biological and post-physiochemical processes. </LI> <LI> ARGs showed limited response to UV disinfection. </LI> <LI> ARB were reduced by UV disinfection. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>