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Vasoconstriction Potency Induced by Aminoamide Local Anesthetics Correlates with Lipid Solubility
Sung, Hui-Jin,Ok, Seong-Ho,Sohn, Jin-Young,Son, Yong Hyeok,Kim, Jun Kyu,Lee, Soo Hee,Han, Jeong Yeol,Lim, Dong Hoon,Shin, Il-Woo,Lee, Heon-Keun,Chung, Young-Kyun,Choi, Mun-Jeoung,Sohn, Ju-Tae Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology Vol.2012 No.-
<P>Aminoamide local anesthetics induce vasoconstriction <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I>. The goals of this <I>in vitro</I> study were to investigate the potency of local anesthetic-induced vasoconstriction and to identify the physicochemical property (octanol/buffer partition coefficient, pKa, molecular weight, or potency) of local anesthetics that determines their potency in inducing isolated rat aortic ring contraction. Cumulative concentration-response curves to local anesthetics (levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine) were obtained from isolated rat aorta. Regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the reported physicochemical properties of local anesthetics and the local anesthetic concentration that produced 50% (ED<SUB>50</SUB>) of the local anesthetic-induced maximum vasoconstriction. We determined the order of potency (ED<SUB>50</SUB>) of vasoconstriction among local anesthetics to be levobupivacaine > ropivacaine > lidocaine > mepivacaine. The relative importance of the independent variables that affect the vasoconstriction potency is octanol/buffer partition coefficient > potency > pKa > molecular weight. The ED<SUB>50</SUB> in endothelium-denuded aorta negatively correlated with the octanol/buffer partition coefficient of local anesthetics (<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.9563; <I>P</I> < 0.001). The potency of the vasoconstriction in the endothelium-denuded aorta induced by local anesthetics is determined primarily by lipid solubility and, in part, by other physicochemical properties including potency and pKa.</P>
Design, synthesis and characteristics on novel D-pi-A dye chromophore: fluorochromism effects.
Son, Young-A,Lee, Junhee,Kim, Hyungjoo,Yu, Hyungwook,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Jun, Kun,Lee, Do-Hyun American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.2
<P>Recently, photophysical property with fluorescence function has been attracted and studied because there are promising potentials in academic and industrial applications. Organic materials having fluorescence effect, especially fluorochromism can be utilized in the sensing or probing with absorption/emission changes. Herein, the prepared dye chromophore can be changed to their optical properties with polar/non-polar environmental media. In this work, we synthesized a new fluorochromism dye, namely 5-[2-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-vinyl]-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione using 3-formyl triphenylamine and 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione. We investigated absorption and fluorescent emission in various solvent media. Furthermore, cyclovoltammogram was used to determine energy levels of HOMO/LUMO from their redox onset potentials. Measured energy levels of HOMO/LUMO were compared with the results of simulated computational calculation.</P>
A New Buck–Boost Converter With Low-Voltage Stress and Reduced Conducting Components
Son, Hyo-Soo,Kim, Jae-Kuk,Lee, Jae-Bum,Moon, Sang-Su,Park, Ji-Hoon,Lee, Seok-Hyun Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on industrial electronics Vol. No.
<P>This paper presents a new buck-boost converter. Unlike the single-switch buck-boost converter, the proposed converter has low-voltage stresses on semiconductors. Moreover, although both the conventional twoswitch buck-boost (TSBB) and the proposed converters have the same number of passive and active components, and the proposed converter can reduce the conduction loss as a result of having fewer conducting components. Therefore, the proposed converter obtained a higher efficiency than the TSBB converter. A 48-V output voltage and 150-W output power prototype was fabricated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.</P>
Son, Il-Hong,Park, Yong-Hoon,Yang, Hyun-Duk,Lee, Sung-Ik,Han, Sun-Jung,Lee, Jai-Kyoo,Ha, Dae-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Won,Park, Joo-Young,Lee, Sung-Soo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2
Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses severely by a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Epidemiological studies showed that the incidences of PD were reduced by smoking of which the major component, nicotine might be neuroprotective. But the function of nicotine, which might suppress the incidences of PD, is still unknown. Fortunately, recently it was reported that a glial reaction and inflammatory processes might participate in a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ synthesised by astrocytes and microglia are elevated in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD. TNF-${\alpha}$ kills the cultured dopaminergic neurons through the apoptosis mechanism. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from glial cells may mediate progression of nigral degeneration in PD. Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreases microglial activation with significant reduction of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and TNF-${\alpha}$ release induced by lipopholysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Thus, this study was intended to explore the role of nicotine pretreatment to inhibit the expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in human fetal astrocytes (HFA) stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$. The results are as follows: HFA were pretreated with 0.1, 1, and $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine and then stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ (100 pg/mL) for 2h. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HFA with pretreated $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was first noted at 8hr, and the inhibitory effect was maximal at 12 h. The inhibitory effect at $1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was inhibited maximal at 24 h. Cytotoxic effects of nicotine were noted above $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine. Moreover, Nicotine at 0.1, 1 and $10{\mu}g/mL$concentrations significantly inhibited IL-$1{\beta}$-induced TF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Collectively, these results indicate that in activated HFA, nicotine may inhibit the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA through the pathway which suppresses the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. This study suggests that nicotine might be neuroprotective to dopaminergic neurons in the SN and reduce the incidences of PD.
B2B SERVICE EXPERIENCE ON REPURCHASE INTENTION: THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT AND AGILITY
Sang-chul Son,Yerim Chung,Seo Chul Jang,Kyung Hoon Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
Customers’ service experience is related to the perceived state in the process of interacting with the target at various channel touchpoints (Kaushal & Yadav, 2023). Furthermore, positive customers’ service experiences can increase the repurchase intention of buyers by strengthening the interconnection and cooperation between buyers and suppliers in business-to-business (B2B) firms and reinforcing corporate competitive positioning.
Sang-Rae Lee,Yong-Hoon Lee,Kyoung-Min Kim,Sung-Woo Kim,Kang-Jin Jung,Young-Hyun Kim,Hwa-Young Son,Kyu-Tae Chang 한국실험동물학회 2010 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.26 No.4
Rectal prolapse is a protrusion of one or more layers of the rectum through the anus. A 5-year-old laboratory cynomolgus monkey who had suffered from recurrent diarrhea died after surgical resection of a prolapsed rectum. On examination, the prolapsed rectum was a cylinder-shaped tissue whose surface was moist and dark red with a small amount of hemorrhage. Histologically, the rectum was characterized by a segmental to diffuse cellular infiltration in the submucosa and muscle layers. Inflammation in the rectum resulted in irritation of the myenteric plexus, which could cause hypermotility of the intestines, leading to chronic diarrhea. Rectal prolapse would result in economical loss or death of laboratory animals. However, rectal prolapse in the laboratory monkey could be easily overlooked because diarrhea or other symptoms resulting from rectal prolapse could be sometimes misunderstood as a primary problem. Therefore, researchers should suspect rectal prolapse if intestinal symptoms in the laboratory monkey are untreatable.