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Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
Smith, Pete,Davis, Steven J.,Creutzig, Felix,Fuss, Sabine,Minx, Jan,Gabrielle, Benoit,Kato, Etsushi,Jackson, Robert B.,Cowie, Annette,Kriegler, Elmar,van Vuuren, Detlef P.,Rogelj, Joeri,Ciais, Philipp Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature climate change Vol.6 No.1
<P>To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 degrees C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are technologies that result in the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We quantify potential global impacts of the different NETs on various factors (such as land, greenhouse gas emissions, water, albedo, nutrients and energy) to determine the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, their widespread application. Resource implications vary between technologies and need to be satisfactorily addressed if NETs are to have a significant role in achieving climate goals.</P>
Kwon, Gyu Hyun,Smith-Jackson, Tonya L.,Bostian, Charles W. Association for Computing Machinery 2011 ACM transactions on computer-human interaction Vol.18 No.4
<P>Emergency communication systems (ECS) are a key element in collaborations among different public safety organizations. The need for interoperability in emergency communication systems has hastened the development of interoperable communication technology that is an enabling technology to automatically identify environmental variables including appropriate radio frequencies and to connect different networks used by different organizations. Even though the technology has been researched from many perspectives and has shown that is possible to connect different organizations, there still remain many issues in terms of socio-cognitive aspects. Thus, this study examines the socio-cognitive dimensions of interoperability, which equal the technical dimensions of the problem in importance. The existential-phenomenological study reported here used semistructured interviews to reconceptualize interoperability in the public safety communication domain. Based on 11 interviews with public safety workers, five important factors were identified that have a major impact on the effectiveness of interoperable groups: information sharedness, operational awareness, communication readiness, adaptiveness, and coupledness. Based on these main concepts, high-level suggestions are provided to guide the design of a new public safety communication system. The results can be directly applied to identify the requirements of communication systems and can be extended to design collaboration systems under stressful environments.</P>
Rohs, Patricia D. A.,Buss, Jackson,Sim, Sue I.,Squyres, Georgia R.,Srisuknimit, Veerasak,Smith, Mandy,Cho, Hongbaek,Sjodt, Megan,Kruse, Andrew C.,Garner, Ethan C.,Walker, Suzanne,Kahne, Daniel E.,Bern Public Library of Science 2018 PLoS genetics Vol.14 No.10
<▼1><P>Cell elongation in rod-shaped bacteria is mediated by the Rod system, a conserved morphogenic complex that spatially controls cell wall assembly by the glycan polymerase RodA and crosslinking enzyme PBP2. Using <I>Escherichia coli</I> as a model system, we identified a PBP2 variant that promotes Rod system function when essential accessory components of the machinery are inactivated. This PBP2 variant hyperactivates cell wall synthesis in vivo and stimulates the activity of RodA-PBP2 complexes in vitro. Cells with the activated synthase also exhibited enhanced polymerization of the actin-like MreB component of the Rod system. Our results define an activation pathway governing Rod system function in which PBP2 conformation plays a central role in stimulating both glycan polymerization by its partner RodA and the formation of cytoskeletal filaments of MreB to orient cell wall assembly. In light of these results, previously isolated mutations that activate cytokinesis suggest that an analogous pathway may also control cell wall synthesis by the division machinery.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>The cell wall of bacteria determines their shape and protects them from osmotic lysis. Two enzymatic activities are required for cell wall synthesis: glycan polymerization and crosslinking. A major new family of glycan polymerases was recently discovered and was proposed to work in complex with crosslinking enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). How the activities of these enzymes are coordinated to prevent the toxic generation of uncrosslinked glycans has remained unknown. Our analysis of the cell elongation system of <I>Escherichia coli</I> has revealed that this coupling is mediated by changes in the PBP that activate glycan chain synthesis by the polymerase. Furthermore, we present genetic evidence that this activation event is mediated by a component of the elongation machinery with a previously unknown function. Discovery of this activation pathway provides new mechanistic insight into the cell wall biogenesis process and identifies a new avenue to disrupt it for antibiotic development.</P></▼2>
박재희(Jae Hee Park),유현승(Hyeon Seung Ryu),Tonya Smith-Jackson 대한인간공학회 2009 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11
Although nano materials are used a lot in industries, there has not been any standard nano hazard graphic symbol. An experiment was conducted to know the comprehension ratio of newly designed eight nano graphic symbols. To compare the symbols with existing safety graphic symbols, other sixteen symbols were also included. 54 subjects evaluated the difficulties of graphic symbols on seven point Likert scale and answered the meaning for each symbol. The all eight nano safety symbols marked under 30% comprehension ratio. However, one of them didn’t show any statistically significant difference with other existing safety symbols as like bio hazard, radiation, and laser. Therefore the nano symbol tested in the best could be adopted as the nano safety graphic symbol if it is sufficiently exposed in training period and used with warning label. The workers in industries using nano materials can be alerted and protect themselves where the sign is attached.
Optical Properties of Single CdS Nanosheets
Heesuk Rho,Kyoung-Yeon Lee,Thang B. Hoang,Lyubov V. Titova,Ashu Mishra,Leigh M. Smith,Howard E. Jackson,Jan M. Yarrison-Rice,최영진,최경진,박재관 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
We study the optical properties of single CdS nanosheets using micro-photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) techniques. At low temperature, we observe high quantum efficiency and strongly polarized PL emission, indicating high-quality single-crystal nanosheet growth. Photoluminescence from A and B exciton states is observed with different spatial distributions, suggesting the existence of a variation in strain in the nanosheets. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements show the exciton lifetime to be 230 ps, longer than that of the near-band-edge emission, but shorter than the lifetime of defect-related emission in single CdS nanowires.
Context dependency of Set1/COMPASS-mediated histone H3 Lys4 trimethylation
Thornton, Janet L.,Westfield, Gerwin H.,Takahashi, Yoh-hei,Cook, Malcolm,Gao, Xin,Woodfin, Ashley R.,Lee, Jung-Shin,Morgan, Marc A.,Jackson, Jessica,Smith, Edwin R.,Couture, Jean-Francois,Skiniotis, G Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2014 Genes & development Vol.28 No.2
<P>The stimulation of H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) by H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub) has been widely studied, and multiple mechanisms have been proposed for this form of histone cross-talk. Thornton et al. combine biochemical, structural, and in vivo approaches to provide a novel mechanism for the role of H2B ubiquitination machinery in the regulation of histone H3K4 methylation by COMPASS. This study demonstrates that the H2Bub machinery and Cps35/Swd2 function to focus the H3K4me3 activity of COMPASS at promoter-proximal regions in a context-dependent manner.</P>