Accelerated photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride assisted chemistry of MXenes 2D/2D nanocomposites

Vigneshwaran Sivakumar(Sivakumar Vigneshwaran),Do-Gun Kim(김도군),Seo-Oh Ko(고석오) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Antitumor and antioxidant activities of Bryonia laciniosa against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice

Sivakumar, T,Kumar, R Sambath,Perumal, P,Vamsi, MLM,Sivakumar, P,Kanagasabai, R,Baskaran, MV,Karki, Subhas S,Mazumder, UK,Gupta, M Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2005 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.5 No.4

The plant Bryonia laciniosa (Family: Cucurbitaceae) has been indicated for the treatment of various diseases one among which is cancer. The purpose of this study was investigating experimentally the possible anti-tumor effect and antioxidant role of Bryonia laciniosa leaves in animal model. The methanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa (MEBL) administered at the doses of 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg in mice for 14 days after 24 h of tumor inoculation. The effect of MEBL on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing mice, hematological profile and liver biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes) were estimated. Treatment with MEBL decreased the tumor volume and viable cell count thereby increasing the life span of EAC bearing mice and brought back the hematological parameter more or less normal level. The effect of MEBL also decreases the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The present work indicates that the methanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in vivo.

Reliability analyses of a prototype soil nail wall using regression models

Sivakumar Babu, G.L.,Singh, Vikas Pratap Techno-Press 2010 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.2 No.2

Soil nailing technique is being widely used for stabilization of vertical cuts because of its economic, environment friendly and speedy construction. Global stability and lateral displacement are the two important stability criteria for the soil nail walls. The primary objective of the present study is to evaluate soil nail wall stability criteria under the influence of in-situ soil variability. Finite element based numerical experiments are performed in accordance with the methodology of $2^3$ factorial design of experiments. Based on the analysis of the observations from numerical experiments, two regression models are developed, and used for reliability analyses of global stability and lateral displacement of the soil nail wall. A 10 m high prototype soil nail wall is considered for better understanding and to highlight the practical implications of the present study. Based on the study, lateral displacements beyond 0.10% of vertical wall height and variability of in-situ soil parameters are found to be critical from the stability criteria considerations of the soil nail wall.

Evolution of Agrometeorology at the Global Level

Sivakumar, M.V.K. 한국농림기상학회 2004 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.6 No.2

농업기상은 지난 100년동안 서술적인 학문에서 물리학적 및 생물학적 법칙을 활용하는 정량적인 학문적으로 발전되어 왔다. 농업인들은 기후와 기상정보의 이용으로 수익을 개선할 수 있다는 점을 더욱 깊이 인식하게 되었고, 이는 농업기상서비스에 대한 수요를 증대로 이어질 것이라는 점은 의심할 여지가 없다. 그러므로 21세기 농업기상의 필요성과 전망을 크게 두 가지 주제로 구분하는 것은 시의 적절하다 할 수 있다. 즉 농업생산을 위한 농업기상서비스와 이들 서비스를 지원하기 위한 농업기상자원시스템의 중요한 구성요소인 자료, 연구, 정책 및 훈련/교육/지도의 중요성이 더욱 강조될 것이다. 몬티쓰박사가 말한 바와 같이, 식량공급은 궁극적으로 기상자원의 잠재성을 탐구하거나 악기상의 영향을 최소화하는 농민의 기술력에 좌우될 것이다. 장비, 자료관리체계, 기후예측, 작물모의, 농업기상정보 배분등에 있어서의 최근 발전으로 인해 농민이 이러한 핵심기술을 습득, 향상시키는 것을 돕기 위해 필요한 도구들이 농업기상학자들에게 제공되고 있다. 따라서 향후 농업기상기술의 현장활용은 그 전도가 매우 밝다 하겠으며, 이러한 기술의 현장활용을 통해 지속농업의 촉진 및 빈곤타파 등에 농업기상이 근원적인 커다란 기여를 할 수 있을 것이다. Agricultural meteorology has advanced during the last 100 years from a descriptive to a quantitative science using physical and biological principles. The agricultural community is becoming more aware that using climate and weather information will improve their profitability and this will no doubt increase the demand for agrometeorological services. Hence it is timely that the needs and perspectives for agrometeorology in the 21^(st) Century are grouped under two major headings: agrometeorological services for agricultural production and agrometeorological support systems for such services. Emphasis must be placed on the components of such support systems comprising of data, research, policies and training/ education/extension. As Monteith (2000) mentioned, food supplies ultimately depend upon the skill with which farmers can exploit the potential of good weather and minimize the impact of bad weather: Recent developments in instrumentation, data management systems, climate prediction, crop modelling, dissemination of agrometeorological information etc., provide agrometeorologicts the tools necessary help the farmers improve such skills. The future for operational applications of agricultural meteorology appears bright and such applications could contribute substantially to promote sustainable agriculture and alleviate poverty.

Biosafe Ginseng: A Novel Source for Human Well-Being

Sivakumar, G.,Yu, K. W.,Paek, K. Y. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2005 Engineering in life sciences Vol.5 No.6

<P>Given the enormous biodiversity in field cultivation, bioengineers were only to look within nature to find new promising phytomolecules or biochemical pathways from plant biofactories. The present review discusses pilot-scale bioreactor cultivation of adventitious roots of ginseng and the enhanced production of pesticide-free bioactive phytomolecules. This biotechnological method is described together with a discussion on economic and biosafety aspects. Besides the “classical” tissue culture as a subject of research on ginseng, new developments and efforts in pilot-scale bioreactor tissue modeling and in the generation of artificial adventitious roots are considered. Additionally, recent progress in the field of medicinal and nutritional roles of adventitious roots produced in a pilot-scale bioreactor are discussed.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The root of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer, so-called ginseng, has been widely used as a tonic and highly prized medicine since ancient times. Ginseng has been recognized as a miraculous promoter of health and longevity. Pilot-scale bioreactor cultivation of adventitious roots of ginseng and the enhanced production of pesticide-free bioactive phytomolecules are being reviewed.</P>

Photo-triggered antibacterial and anticancer activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Sivakumar, Padmanaban,Lee, Minjong,Kim, Yoon-Seok,Shim, Min Suk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for b Vol.6 No.30

<P>ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained more attention in recent years due to their ability to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation. Photo-triggered ROS generation by ZnO NPs and the resulting phototoxicity in cells have found use in antibacterial and anticancer applications. This review highlights recent advances in the development of ZnO NPs and hybrid-type functionalized ZnO NPs for photo-triggered antibacterial and anticancer activities. In addition, various chemical modifications including metal doping, metal hybridization, modification with polymers, and sensitization by organic photosensitizers have been further introduced to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency and ROS generation capability of ZnO NPs. The enhanced ROS generation efficiency of modified ZnO NPs consequently increases their antibacterial and anticancer activities. Additionally, we offer some insights into the design and engineering of next-generation ZnO NPs for more effective antibacterial and anticancer applications.</P>

Hexagonal plate-like Ni-Co-Mn hydroxide nanostructures to achieve high energy density of hybrid supercapacitors

Sivakumar, Periyasamy,Jana, Milan,Jung, Min Gyu,Gedanken, Aharon,Park, Ho Seok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.7 No.18

<P>Nanostructured mixed multi-metal compounds (NCM) based on nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) are considered as promising electrode materials owing to their multiple valence states, facile accessibility to active sites, and low activation energy for electron transfer. Herein, we demonstrated the fabrication of a hexagonal nanoplate-like architecture of ternary NCM hydroxide with controlled size and composition by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. The size and composition of the hexagonal NCM nanoplates were controlled by varying the ratio of Ni to (Co + Mn) sources. Accordingly, the maximum capacitance of the optimum NCM is 1188 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 1 A g<SUP>−1</SUP> with high rate capacitance due to abundant active sites of the Ni-rich phase and rapid charge transfer kinetics of the nanoplate architecture. By integrating high-capacity Ni-rich NCM hydroxide as a positive electrode with activated carbon as a negative electrode, a full cell of a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) was configured in the enlarged voltage window of 0-1.5 V. Therefore, the HSC cells deliver the maximum energy and power densities of 42.56 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and 17 791.56 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, showing good cycling stability with 78.8% capacity retention over 50 000 cycles and the coulombic efficiency of 100%.</P>

Effects of Sunphenon and Polyphenon 60 on proteolytic pathways, inflammatory cytokines and myogenic markers in H2O2-treated C2C12 cells.

Sivakumar, Allur Subramaniyan,Hwang, Inho Indian Academy of Sciences 2015 Journal of biosciences Vol.40 No.1

<P>The effect of Sunphenon and Polyphenon 60 in oxidative stress response, myogenic regulatory factors, inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and proteolytic pathways on H2O2-induced myotube atrophy was addressed. Cellular responses of H2O2-induced C2C12cells were examined, including mRNA expression of myogenic regulatory factors, such as MyoD and myogenin, inflammatory pathways, such as TNF-alpha and NF-kB, as well as proteolytic enzymes, such as mu-calpain and m-calpain. The pre-treatment of Sunphenon (50 mu g/mL)/Polyphenon 60 (50 mu g/naL) on H2O2-treated C2C12 cells significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of myogenin and MyoD when compared to those treated with H2O2-induced alone. Additionally, the mRNA expression of mu-calpain and m-calpain were significantly (p<0.05) increased in H2O2-treated C2C12 cells, whereas pre-treatment with Sunphenon/Polyphenon significantly down-regulated the above genes, namely mu-calpain and m-calpain. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and NF-kB were significantly increased in H2O2-treated C2C12 cells, while pre-treatment with Sunphenon (50 mu g/mL)/Polyphenon 60 (50 mu g/mL) significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated it when compared to the untreated control group. Subsequent analysis of DNA degeneration and caspase activation revealed that Sunphenon (50 mu g/mL)/Polyphenon 60 (50 mu g/mL) inhibited activation of caspase-3 and showed an inhibitory effect on DNA degradation. From this result, we know that, in stress conditions, mu-calpain may be involved in the muscle atrophy through the suppression of myogenin and MyoD. Moreover, Sunphenon may regulate the skeletal muscle genes/promote skeletal muscle recovery by the up-regulation of myogenin and MyoD and suppression of mu-calpain and inflammatory pathways and may regulate the apoptosis pathways. Our findings suggest that dietary supplementation of Sunphenon might reduce inflammatory events in muscle-associated diseases, such as myotube atrophy.</P>

Biophenolic profile of Ginseng Adventitious roots from commercial scale bioreactors

Sivakumar G,K.W Yu(유기원),E.J Hahn(한은주),K.Y Paek(백기엽) 한국원예학회 2004 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2004 No.5

Recent Advances in the Cultivation and to Enhance the Active Components of Ganoderma lucidum

Sivakumar Manickam,Surya Sudheer,Zain Taha 한국버섯학회 2017 버섯 Vol.21 No.2

Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most popular medicinal mushrooms of Asian region having promising immune enhancing properties. This single species of mushroom has over 400 bioactive compounds and possess properties relating to battling tumours, viruses, bacteria, inflammation, platelet-aggregation, immune system modulation among many others. There are documented reports of G. lucidum fighting the activity against HIV/AIDS and diabetes. Owing to such a wide range of medicinal applications, the global consumption of G. lucidum is high, which has resulted in a plethora of commercially available patented products. These products have G. lucidum as an active constituent and are usually marketed as food supplements but are also available in the form of creams, hair tonics and medicinal soaps. The growing demand and the high cost of G. lucidum in the local market have enforced to think about a range of novel methods for the cultivation of this mushroom. We explored different novel strategies in this direction. In the first approach, the widely available agricultural residues of oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunch fibres, EFB) from Malaysia were used to cultivate this mushroom with cheap cost. The required conditions for the growth of this mushroom were studied by employing a pilot-scale cultivation in a mushroom farm. From the results it was scrutinized that oil palm waste fibres are the potential source of cultivating G. lucidum either alone or in combination of substrates. In the second strategy, the effect of UV-C radiation on the physical growth of G. lucidum mycelium has shown positive results. Results of 10 and 15 min of UV-C exposure treatments per 24 h showed a 30% increase in the diameter of mycelium over control in Potato Dextrose Agar medium petri-plates. Using EFB as substrates not only supports the G. lucidum cultivation but also offers a viable alternative for the management of solid waste in oil palm plantations of Malaysia. These results stipulate a better and stronger mushroom in terms of its bioactive compounds content and better growth parameters. Moreover, it also benefits the local mushroom farmers in Malaysia for the easy availability of the substrate materials and with better economy. The techniques involved can be propagated to the local Ganoderma industry for improvised cultivation for better output. A high output would also mean profitable business resulting in revolutionizing the economics of Ganoderma markets all over the world.