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Kim Hyeri,Kim Eun Sol,Cho Jin Ho,Song Minho,Cho Jae Hyoung,Kim Sheena,Keum Gi Beom,Kwak Jinok,Doo Hyunok,Pandey Sriniwas,Park Seung-Hwan,Lee Ju Huck,Hyunjung Jung,Hur Tai Young,Kim Jae-Kyung,Oh Kwang 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.1
The foodborne illness is the important public health concerns, and the livestock feces are known to be one of the major reservoirs of foodborne pathogens. Also, it was reported that 45.5% of foodborne illness outbreaks have been associated with the animal products contaminated with the livestock feces. In addition, it has been known that the persistence of a pathogens depends on many potential virulent factors including the various virulent genes. Therefore, the first step to understanding the public health risk of livestock feces is to identify and describe microbial communities and potential virulent genes that contribute to bacterial pathogenicity. We used the whole metagenome shotgun sequencing to evaluate the prevalence of foodborne pathogens and to characterize the virulence associated genes in pig and chicken feces. Our data showed that the relative abundance of potential foodborne pathogens, such as Bacillus cereus was higher in chickens than pigs at the species level while the relative abundance of foodborne pathogens including Campylobacter coli was only detected in pigs. Also, the microbial functional characteristics of livestock feces revealed that the gene families related to “Biofilm formation and quorum sensing” were highly enriched in pigs than chicken. Moreover, the variety of gene families associated with “Resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds” were detected in both animals. These results will help us to prepare the scientific action plans to improve awareness and understanding of the public health risks of livestock feces.
Fecal microbiome shifts by different forms of copper supplementations in growing pigs
( Minji Kim ),( Jae Hyoung Cho ),( Pil-nam Seong ),( Hyunjung Jung ),( Jin Young Jeong ),( Sheena Kim ),( Hyeri Kim ),( Eun Sol Kim ),( Gi Beom Keum ),( Robin B. Guevarra ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6
Copper is an essential mineral for pigs, thus it is used as a feed additive in the forms of copper sulfate. Therefore, this study aimed at characterizing the fecal microbiota shifts in pigs as fed by different forms of copper supplementation. 40 growing pigs aged 73 ± 1 days with an average weight of 30.22 ± 1.92kg were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (CON) fed with basal diet, while treatment groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 ppm/kg of copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>), Cu-glycine complex (CuGly), Cu-amino acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy(4methylthio)butanoate chelate complex (CuHMB) for 28 days of trial, respectively. The data presented the comparison between inorganic and organic copper supplementation through gut microbiota in growing pigs. Alpha and Beta diversity anaylsis resulted in copper supplementation did shifted gut microbioal community structure. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla at all times regardless of treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, and SMB53 of the CuGly and CuHMB groups were significantly higher than those of copper sulfate and basal diet groups. Overall, this study may provide the potential role of organic copper replacing inorganic copper, resulting in increased beneficial bacteria in the pig gut.
Evaluating the Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Livestock Using Metagenomics Approach
( Hyeri Kim ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Minho Song ),( Jae Hyoung Cho ),( Sheena Kim ),( Eun Sol Kim ),( Gi Beom Keum ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Ju-hoon Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.12
Food safety is the most important global health issue due to foodborne pathogens after consumption of contaminated food. Foodborne bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfringens are leading causes of the majority of foodborne illnesses and deaths. These foodborne pathogens often come from the livestock feces, thus, we analyzed fecal microbial communities of three different livestock species to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in livestock feces using metagenomics analysis. Our data showed that alpha diversities of microbial communities were different according to livestock species. The microbial diversity of cattle feces was higher than that of chicken or pig feces. Moreover, microbial communities were significantly different among these three livestock species (cattle, chicken, and pig). At the genus level, Staphylococcus and Clostridium were found in all livestock feces, with chicken feces having higher relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Clostridium than cattle and pig feces. Genera Bacillus, Campylobacter, and Vibrio were detected in cattle feces. Chicken samples contained Bacillus, Listeria, and Salmonella with low relative abundance. Other genera such as Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Helicobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas known to be opportunistic pathogens were also detected in cattle, chicken, and pig feces. Results of this study might be useful for controlling the spread of foodborne pathogens in farm environments known to provide natural sources of these microorganisms.
( Hyeri Kim ),( Jae Hyoung Cho ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Minho Song ),( Hakdong Shin ),( Sheena Kim ),( Eun Sol Kim ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Ju-hoon Lee ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.2
Escherichia coli normally colonizes the lower intestine of animals and humans, but some serotypes are foodborne pathogens. The Escherichia coli K_EC180 was isolated from swine feces that were collected from a weaner pig. In this genome announcement, E. coli K_EC180 was sequenced using PacBio RS II and Illumina NextSeq 500 platforms. The complete chromosome of E. coli K_EC180 is composed of one circular chromosome (5,017,281 bp) with 50.4% of guanine + cytosine (G + C) content, 4,935 of coding sequence (CDS), 88 of tRNA, and 22 of rRNA genes. The complete genome of E. coli K_EC180 contains the toxin genes such as shiga-like toxins (stxA and stxB).
( Hyeri Kim ),( Jae Hyoung Cho ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Minho Song ),( Hakdong Shin ),( Sheena Kim ),( Eun Sol Kim ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Ju-hoon Lee ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.1
Salmonella enterica is a representative foodborne pathogen in the world. The S. enterica strain K_SA184 was isolated from the lamb (Ovis aries), which was collected from a local traditional market in South Korea. In this study, the S. enterica strain K_SA184 was sequenced using PacBio RS II and Illumina NextSeq 500 platforms. The final complete genome of the S. enterica strain K_SA184 consist of one circular chromosome (4,725,087 bp) with 52.3% of guanine + cytosine (G + C) content, 4,363 of coding sequence (CDS), 85 of tRNA, and 22 of rRNA genes. The S. enterica strain K_SA184 genome includes encoding virulence genes, such as Type III secretion systems and multidrug resistance related genes.
Memory recall and modifications by activating neurons with elevated CREB
Kim, Jieun,Kwon, Jeong-Tae,Kim, Hyung-Su,Josselyn, Sheena A,Han, Jin-Hee NATURE AMERICA 2014 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.1
Memory is supported by a specific ensemble of neurons distributed in the brain that form a unique memory trace. We previously showed that neurons in the lateral amygdala expressing elevated levels of cAMP response-element binding protein are preferentially recruited into fear memory traces and are necessary for the expression of those memories. However, it is unknown whether artificially activating just these selected neurons in the absence of behavioral cues is sufficient to recall that fear memory. Using an ectopic rat vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and capsaicin system, we found that activating this specific ensemble of neurons was sufficient to recall established fear memory. Furthermore, this neuronal activation induced a reconsolidation-like reorganization process, or strengthening of the fear memory. Thus, our findings establish a direct link between the activation of specific ensemble of neurons in the lateral amygdala and the recall of fear memory and its subsequent modifications.
Evaluation of brown rice to replace corn in weanling pig diet
( Sheena Kim ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Minho Song ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of brown rice (Japonica) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters of weanling pigs. A total of 60 weanling pigs (28-day-old, 30 barrows and 30 gilts, 6.73 ± 0.77 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (6 pigs per pen; 5 replicates per treatment) in a randomized complete block design with the initial BW and sex as blocks. The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and the CON replaced 50% of corn with brown rice (BR). Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments for 5 weeks. For the last week of experiment period, pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 1 pig in each pen daily for the last 3 d after the 4-d adjustment period. Blood was collected from randomly selected 1 pig in each pen on d 0, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning. Compared with pig fed CON diet, pigs fed the BR diet were found to have higher (p < 0.05) final BW, overall average daily gain, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter and energy. However, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to average daily feed intake, gain to feed ratio, frequency of diarrhea, and the AID and ATTD of crude protein during overall experimental period. Similarly, there were no significant differences on blood parameters between the groups. Thus, the findings of this study indicate that brown rice (Japonica) can be used to replace 50% of corn in the diet of pigs during the nursery period without negatively affecting growth performance, nutrient digestibility, or blood parameters.
Rice as an alternative feed ingredient in swine diets
( Sheena Kim ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Minho Song ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.3
It has become important to explore alternative feed ingredients to reduce feed costs, which are burdensome for livestock production. In addition, it is desirable to find efficient and functional alternative ingredients for traditional feed ingredients in pig diets, considering the stress and sensitivity of disease of pig. Rice is produced around the world like corn that is the typical energy source in pig diets. Although the nutritional quality varies depending on the degree of milling, rice, except whole grains (paddy rice), contains more starch than corn and its structure and granule size are easier to digest than corn. In addition, the fact that rice has fewer non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) is also effective in improving digestibility and various polyphenols in rice can help modulation of immune responses, which can be beneficial to the gastrointestinal environment and health of pig. Many studies have been conducted on rice focusing on things such as degree of milling, substitution rates of corn, granule size, and processing methods. Most results have shown that rice can be partially or completely used to replace corn in pig diets without negatively affecting pig growth and production. While further research should focus on the precise biological mechanisms at play, it was confirmed that the use of rice could reduce the use of antibiotics and pig removal and protect pigs from gastrointestinal diseases including diarrhea. From this point of view, rice can be evaluated as a valuable feed ingredient for swine diets.