Improve the BER Performance of Turbo Codes with Large Size Based on BER Distributions

Shao Xia,Zhang Weidang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.4

A method for bitwise energy optimization of turbo codes with large size is developed. Unlike earlier methods, which relied on searching for minimum-weight codewords, the proposed method finds the required parameters using two bit error rate (BER) distributions obtained via simulation. Therefore, this method can be used not only for the codes with small codeword length, but also for the codes with large codeword length. Simulation results show BER improvements for turbo codes. Though the method is applied to turbo codes in this letter for concreteness, it can also be used for other kinds of error control codes because it does not rely on the code’s structure.

Shortening the Turbo Codes Based on Unequal Error Protection

Shao Xia,Zhang Weidang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.8

Shortened turbo product codes (TPCs) have already been adopted in many standards, especially in multimedia field. Generally, the realizations of shortening turbo codes are based on designing specific interleavers with variable interleaving span; or using shortened–extended Hamming codes as the component to obtain different encoding block sizes. In this paper, we propose a very simple method to realize the shortening. This method is based on a parallel concatenated convolutional code (PCCC) and their inherent characteristic of unequal error protection. Sample simulation results are presented confirming the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Designing the Puncturing Pattern for Turbo Codes with Strong Unequal Error Protection

Shao Xia,Zhang Weidang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.10

In multimedia transition systems, data usually is divided into levels according to their different importance. For these systems, unequal error protection (UEP) techniques are the powerful methods to guarantee lower BER for the more important classes. Puncturing patterns are very important for turbo codes to produce different code rates. Also, different puncturing patterns can give different BER distributions so that UEP can be obtained. In this paper we will study the affection of puncturing pattern to the BER distribution and present a new scheme of designing the puncturing patterns for turbo codes so that the strong unequal error protection is obtained. In this scheme the puncturing is only carried on the two parity check sequences and an idea of “gradually sparsing” is employed. Simulation results show that, compared with other puncturing schemes, this scheme can provide strong error protection for some bits without apparent degradation for other bits.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Awareness, Acceptability, and Decision-Making Factors among Chinese College Students

Wang, Shao-Ming,Zhang, Shao-Kai,Pan, Xiong-Fei,Ren, Ze-Fang,Yang, Chun-Xia,Wang, Zeng-Zhen,Gao, Xiao-Hong,Li, Man,Zheng, Quan-Qing,Ma, Wei,Zhao, Fang-Hui,Qiao, You-Lin,Sivasubramaniam, Priya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Background: College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and Methods: A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination ($p_{trend}$ <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Conclusions: Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.

중국 학생의 화용적 전이 실패의 종류

유소하(Shao-xia Liu),강문구(Mun-Koo Kang) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.6

화용적 전이는 외국어 사용자들이 대상언어를 사용할 때 그 표현이 그들의 모국어에 의해서 영향을 받는 현상을 말한다. 일반적으로 화용적 전이는 긍정적인 전이와 부정적인 전이가 있다. 긍정적인 전이는 학습자들이 그것들을 표현하는 그들의 모국어 언어 시스템이 대상언어와 비슷한 시스템을 사용하는 것을 의미하는데, 긍정적인 전이는 대화자들 사이에서 의사소통을 성공적으로 만들 수 있다. 부정적인 전이는 학습자들의 모국어 언어 시스템이 대상언어와 전혀 다른 시스템을 사용하는 것을 의미하며, 이것은 대화자들 사이에서 의사소통을 실패로 만들 수 있다. 중국과 서양의 문화가 다르기 때문에 사람들의 생각도 다르다. 이 차이를 언어에서 볼 수 있는 것은 불가피하다. 본 논문은 언어적 발음, 어휘, 문법구조에 대한 예문을 많이 사용하여 이러한 현상을 설명한다. 또한 문화적인 측면 즉 인사말, 호칭, 초대, 거절, 그리고 비언어적인 (non-linguistic) 얼굴표현, 눈짓과 제스쳐의 예문을 인용하여 설명한다. Pragmatic transfer is the phenomena that when a second language user uses the target language, his or her mother tongue language influences the expressions. Generally speaking, pragmatic transfer has a positive transfer and a negative transfer. Positive transfer means the learner uses his or her mother tongue language system to express himself or herself in a system which is similar to the target language; positive transfer can make the communication successful between the interlocutors. Negative transfer means the learner uses his or her mother tongue language system to express him or herself in a system which is absolutely different to the target language; negative transfer can make the communication fail between the interlocutors. Based on the differences between Chinese and western culture, people have different pattern of thought and these differences will be reflected in language inevitably. This thesis discusses some typical examples in language itself, such as pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar structure, and cultural aspects, such as greetings, appellation, invitation, rejection, and even non-linguistic aspects, such as facial expression, eye catching, and body language.

LncRNA MALAT1 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against ox-LDL triggered cell death through regulation of MGP

Xia Wang,Hongqin Zhao,Shaonan Yang,Xiaojun Shao,Shumin Nie,Xudong Pan 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.3

Backgrounds: Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is an lncRNA that has been suggested as a key regulator in the onset of atherosclerosis (AS). This study described the role of MALAT1 in oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial cells death. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to ox-LDL, before which the expression of MALAT1 was overexpressed by transfection. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometer detection, and western blot were carried out to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to investigate the regulatory relationship between MALAT1, Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and mTOR signaling to decode the underlying mechanism. Results: Up-regulation of MALAT1 attenuated ox-LDLinduced HUVECs lose, as evidenced by the promoted cell viability, and the decreased apoptosis rate. This finding was coupled with the down-regulated p53, Bax, active-caspase-3, Beclin-1 and LC3-II, as well as the up-regulated Bcl-2 and p62. Meanwhile, MALAT1 upregulation promoted the phosphorylation of p70S6K and mTOR, and the expression of MGP. MGP up-regulation exhibited MALAT1-like propoties in preventing ox-LDL-induced cell death and mTOR deactivation. Of contrast, MGP silence affected HUVECs survival and mTOR signaling resulted in contrary impacts. Conclusion: The present work described that MALAT1 up-regulation prevented ox-LDL-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in HUVECs. The protective effects of MALAT1 might be partially via up-regulating MGP, which led to the activation of mTOR signaling.

Effect of increased dietary crude protein levels on production performance, nitrogen utilisation, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of Holstein bulls

Xia, Chuanqi,Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Ur,Yang, He,Shao, Taoqi,Qiu, Qinghua,Su, Huawei,Cao, Binghai Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.10

Objective: This study investigated the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) supplementation on nutrient intake, nitrogen (N) utilisation, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation and growth performance of young Holstein bulls. Methods: Twenty-one young bulls weighing $277{\pm}11.2kg$ were equally divided into three groups and were offered diets formulated with low CP (LCP; 10.21% CP and 4.22% rumen degradable protein [RDP]), medium CP (MCP; 12.35% CP and 5.17% RDP) and high CP (HCP; 14.24% CP and 6.03% RDP). Yellow corn silage was used as a unique forage source and was mixed with concentrate. This mixed feed was given ad libitum to the young bulls included in the study. Results: Results showed that CP intake, blood urea nitrogen, N intake, total N excretion and N balance increased linearly with an increase in dietary CP level (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in nutrient digestibility among the bulls receiving the different diets. Ruminal pH (p<0.05) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) concentration (p<0.01) were significantly higher in the bulls receiving the MCP and HCP diets than in those receiving the LCP diet. The bulls receiving the HCP diet showed significantly higher ruminal bacterial protein level, propionate, acetate and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations than bulls receiving the LCP diet (p<0.05). Moreover, dietary CP level exerted a significant positive effect on the final body weight, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio of the bulls (p<0.05). Conclusion: High dietary CP level is optimal for achieving maximum growth and high profitability without exerting a negative effect on the physiology of growing Holstein bulls.

The Prognostic Value of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the Initial Assessment of Primary Tracheal Malignant Tumor: A Retrospective Study

Shao Dan,Gao Qiang,Cheng You,Du Dong-Yang,Wang Si-Yun,Wang Shu-Xia 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.3

Objective: To investigate the potential value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in predicting the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors. Materials and Methods: An analysis of FDG PET/CT findings in 37 primary tracheal malignant tumor patients with a median follow-up period of 43.2 months (range, 10.8–143.2 months) was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the associations between quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters, other clinic-pathological factors, and overall survival (OS). A risk prognosis model was established according to the independent prognostic factors identified on multivariate analysis. A survival curve determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess whether the prognosis prediction model could effectively stratify patients with different risks factors. Results: The median survival time of the 37 patients with tracheal tumors was 38.0 months, with a 95% confidence interval of 10.8 to 65.2 months. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rate were 54.1%, 43.2%, and 16.2%, respectively. The metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardized uptake value, age, pathological type, extension categories, and lymph node stage were included in multivariate analyses. Multivariate analysis showed MTV (p = 0.011), TLG (p = 0.020), pathological type (p = 0.037), and extension categories (p = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Additionally, assessment of the survival curve using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that our prognosis prediction model can effectively stratify patients with different risks factors (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that 18F-FDG PET/CT can predict the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors. Patients with an MTV > 5.19, a TLG > 16.94 on PET/CT scans, squamous cell carcinoma, and non-E1 were more likely to have a reduced OS.

Self-assembled micelles of the natural medicine ginsenosides for cancer metastasis therapy

Xia-Rong Tan,Chao-Li,Ke-Ke Feng,Jing-Qing Le,Jiang-Wen Shen,Jing-Wei Shao 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-

The nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have become an alternative strategy for cancer treatment. Whereas, increasing studies find that the utilization of drug carriers may result in poor biocompatibility,lower drug loading capacity and unpredictable side reactions. Therefore, we herein reported selfassembledmicelles based on herbal product ginsenosides, which are the main active ingredients ofPanax ginseng C.A. The ginsenosides-based micelle system exerts excellent biosafety, better stability, highdrug capacity, and lower cytotoxicity compared to free ginsenosides. Meanwhile, ginsenosides micellesexhibits superior inhibitory effects on cancer cell adhesion activity, especially the expression of intercellularadhesion molecule-1, which is the critical factor of cancer metastasis. Importantly, ginsenosidesmicelles results in remarkably therapeutic efficacy on lung metastasis of liver cancer. All these resultshighlight the potential utilization of ginsenosides micelles in the clinic. Meanwhile, the carrier-freenano-drugs self-delivery system of ginsenosides showed great promise to become an emerging approachfor cancer metastasis therapy.

Continuous supply of recycled Pacific oceanic materials in the source of Cenozoic basalts in SE China: the Zhejiang case

Liu, Shao-Chen,Xia, Qun-Ke,Choi, Sung Hi,Deloule, Etienne,Li, Pei,Liu, Jia Springer-Verlag 2016 Contributions to mineralogy and petrology Vol.171 No.12

<P>Various enriched recycled oceanic components in the source of Cenozoic intra-plate alkaline basalts from eastern China were identified by previous studies. Due to the existence of a stagnant subducted Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone beneath eastern China, it is logical to connect the stagnant slab to the recycled oceanic materials. However, the recycled oceanic materials could also result from ancient subduction events (e.g., Paleo-Tethyan, Paleo-Asian or Izanagi plate subduction) because enriched geochemical signatures of a recycled slab can be preserved in the mantle for longer than 1 Gyr. Investigating the temporal variations of the recycled oceanic materials in the mantle source is a useful way to trace the origin of the basalts. In this article, we have conducted a detailed geochemical study, including major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, on two alkaline basalt groups from Zhejiang, SE China, which erupted 26-17 Ma and after 11 Ma, respectively. In particular, we recovered the H2O content of the initial magmas based on the H2O content of the clinopyroxene (cpx) phenocrysts and the partition coefficients of H2O between cpx and basaltic melts. The H2O contents of the Zhejiang basalts range from 1.3 to 2.6 (wt.%), which fall within the range of back-arc basin or island arc basalts. The older basalts are more alkaline and have lower Si and Al contents; higher trace element concentrations; higher La/Yb, Ce/Pb and Nb/La ratios; lower H2O/Ce and Ba/Th ratios; and stronger negative K, Pb, Hf and Ti anomalies than the younger ones. The co-relationships between Ba/La, H2O/Ce, Nb/La, Ce/Pb and Ba/Th in the two groups of the Zhejiang basalts indicate that a recycled dehydrated oceanic alkaline basalt component is needed in the source of the older rocks, along with a depleted mantle component. Meanwhile, an additional recycled dehydrated sediment component was required in the source of the younger rocks. The temporal change in the recycled oceanic materials in the mantle sources of Zhejiang Cenozoic basalts demonstrates that the recycled components can only originate in the stagnant Pacific slab that is the only plate subducted since 100 Ma in this area.</P>