Contact toxicity and transcriptomic analysis of terpinen-4-ol exposure in Tribolium castaneum

Shan-shan Gao,Yong-lei Zhang,Kun-peng Zhang,Wang Xing-yun,Qing-bo Tang,Yuan-chen Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3

The terpene, terpinen-4-ol (T4ol), exhibits contact toxicity in Tribolium castaneum. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this toxicity have not been elucidated. This study examined changes in the expression of four classic enzymes after exposure of T. castaneum to T4ol. Acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities were markedly inhibited after exposure to T4ol, while that of the detoxifying enzyme cytochrome oxidase P450 increased markedly. Carboxylesterase activity did not show significant changes. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed 260 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the T4ol-treated and control samples, and qRT-PCR was used to validate the RNA-Seq data. The Gene Ontology analysis classified the DEGs into 36 functional groups, including the immune system processes, response to stimulus, and developmental processes. T4ol altered the response to stimulus and the immune system process of beetles by inducing the expression of the genes Stabilin-1, Attacin 1, and Defensin 1. Furthermore, the DEGs receptor tyrosine kinase Torso-like protein (RTKTsl), Frizzled 4 (Fz4), Protein Wnt-5b, Ecdysone-induced protein 78C (E78), Zinc finger protein GLIS1 (ZFPGLIS1) were classified as participating in beetle development, and Fz4 and Protein Wnt-5b also mapped to the Wnt signaling pathway. This indicated that pathways associated with development are inhibited after exposure to T4ol. T4ol also induced CYP9Z6/GSTs7 overexpression, and RNAi targeting these genes significantly increased larvae mortality on T4ol exposure, supporting the participation of CYP9Z6/GSTs7 in the response to T4ol in T. castaneum. The results of this study will facilitate understanding of the toxic mechanisms of T4ol and provide a basis for controlling the pests of stored products.

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING FOR GENERAL LINEAR QUADRATIC OPTIMAL STOCHASTIC CONTROL WITH RANDOM COEFFICIENTS

( Shan Jian Tang ) 한국금융공학회 2014 한국금융공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.1

We are concerned with the linear-quadratic optimal stochastic control problem where all the coe_cients of the control system and the running weighting matrices in the cost functional are allowed to be predictable (but essentially bounded) processes and the terminal state-weighting matrix in the cost functional is allowed to be random. Under suitable conditions, we prove that the value field V (t, x, !), (t, x, !) ∈ [0, T] × Rn × , is quadratic in x, and has the following form: V (t, x) = hKtx, xi where K is an essentially bounded nonnegative symmetric matrix-valued adapted processes. Using the dynamic programming principle (DPP), we prove that K is a continuous semimartingale of the form and that (K, L) with L := (L1, ... ,Ld) is a solution to the associated backward stochastic Riccati equation (BSRE), whose generator is highly nonlinear in the unknown pair of processes. The uniqueness is also proved via a localized completion of squares in a self-contained manner for a general BSRE. The existence and uniqueness of adapted solution to a general BSRE was initially proposed by the French mathematician J. M. Bismut [in SIAM J. Control & Optim., 14(1976), pp. 419?444, and in S´eminaire de Probabilit´es XII, Lecture Notes in Math. 649, C. Dellacherie, P. A. Meyer, and M. Weil, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978, pp. 180?264], and subsequently listed by Peng [in Control of Distributed Parameter and Stochastic Systems (Hangzhou, 1998), S. Chen, et al., eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1999, pp. 265?273] as the first open problem for backward stochastic di_erential equations. It had remained to be open until a general solution by the author [in SIAM J. Control & Optim., 42(2003), pp. 53?75] via the stochastic maximum principle with a viewpoint of stochastic flow for the associated stochastic Hamiltonian system. The present paper is its companion, and gives the second but more comprehensive (seemingly much simpler, but appealing to the advanced tool of Doob-Meyer decomposition theorem, in addition to the DDP) adapted solution to a general BSRE via the DDP. Further extensions to the jump-di_usion control system and to the general nonlinear control system are possible.

Concurrent multiresolution finite element: formulation and algorithmic aspects

Tang, Shan,Kopacz, Adrian M.,Chan O’Keeffe, Stephanie,Olson, Gregory B.,Liu, Wing Kam Springer-Verlag 2013 Computational mechanics Vol.52 No.6

The Resale Right Policies of the UK, Germany, France and their Implications for China

Yi-Shan Tang(당이산),Ki-Sik Hwang(황기식) 한국유럽학회 2021 유럽연구 Vol.39 No.2

1920년에 프랑스는 처음으로 추급권을 창설하였다. 2020년까지 전 세계 90개 이상의 국가가 추급권을 도입하였다. 세계 2위의 예술품 거래 시장이 된 동시에 중국 예술가들의 예술품 가치도 크게 높아졌다. 그러나 이들은 이미 추급권을 도입 한 국가의 예술가와 같은 예술품의 가치 상승에 따른 후속 재판매 중의 경제적 이익을 누릴 수 못 한다. 따라서 본 논문은 예술품 거래의 세계화 시대에 영국, 독일, 프랑스의 추급권 정책, 그리고 중국에게 주는 시사점을 연구하는 것을 연구목적으로, 먼저 영국, 프랑스, 독일 3국의 추급권 정책의 제정 과정과 주요 내용을 살펴봤다. 그 다음에 본문은 추급권과 관련된 유럽과 중국 경내의 3건의 분쟁 사례를 분석했다. 마지막으로 본문은 중국이 추급권을 도입 후의 긍정적인 효과를 지적하였다. 결론적으로 예술품 거래의 세계화라는 배경에서 중국은 추급권을 도입하는 것은 필요한 것이다. 유럽 국가의 추급권 정책을 참고 및 학습하고 추급권과 관련된 분쟁사례를 분석함으로써 향후 추급권의 도입에 대비할 수 있다. 중국이 추급권을 도입하면 중국 예술가들의 경제적 이익이 더 잘 보호될 수 있고 예술품 시장이 더 건전하게 발전할 수 있으며 유럽과 국제 예술품 시장에서 중국의 선도적 지위는 계속 유지될 수 있다. In 1920, France first created the Resale Right. By 2020, more than 90 countries have introduced the Resale Right. While China has become the second-largest art market in the world, the artworks of Chinese artists are also very popular abroad, and the value of artworks has increased hundreds of times. However, these artists were not able to enjoy the same benefits brought about by the rise in the value of artworks in the same way as artists in the UK, Germany, France, and other countries. Therefore, in the era of the globalization art trade, the purpose of this paper is to study the Resale Right policies of the UK, France, and Germany, these three European countries with prosperous art markets, and the implications for China. This paper first examines the making process and main content of the Resale Right policies in EU member states, mainly the UK, France, and Germany. Then, this paper analyzes three dispute cases about the Resale Right and points out the necessity for China to introduce the Resale Right through the third case. Finally, this article points out some implications for China’s introduction of the Resale Right. In conclusion, under the international background of art trade globalization, it is necessary for China to introduce the Resale Right. By learning from the Resale Right policies of European countries, and analyzing international dispute cases surrounding it, China can prepare for the introduction of it in the future. At the same time, there are also reasons to believe that after the introduction of Resale Right in China, the economic interests of Chinese artists will be better protected, and China’s leading position in the European and international art market will also be maintained.

The Artist’s Resale Right Dispute: A Case Study of China, EU and US

YI SHAN TANG,QIAN QIAN GAO 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2019 EU연구 Vol.- No.51

The resale right is a legal system aimed at protecting the rights of the authors of artworks. Since the establishment of the resale right in France in 1920, especially the implementation of the EU’s Resale Right Directive in 2001, the disputes on the system of the resale right have never stopped. In 2016, overtaking the United States and all EU member states, China has become the number one country in terms of global art trade turnover. Furthermore, with the globalization of the art market, disputes on the resale right between China and the EU and the United States, as well as other advanced countries, are inevitable. This paper introduced and compared the differences between the main contents of the EU’s Resale Right Directive and those of EU member states, as well as the United States. This paper also analyzed three examples of disputes on the resale right in France, Germany and the United States, which lead to some questions that are likely to be controversial and worth thinking about when China introduces the resale right into the Copyright Law in the future. But at the same time, this paper also pointed out that even with the above-mentioned disputes that may arise after the introduction of the resale right in China, China’s introduction of the resale right would still have many positive effects, such as helping to stimulate Chinese artists' passion for creation, improving the international competitiveness of Chinese artists and their artworks, and promoting the negotiation of China-EU FTA, etc. Based on the above disputes and positive effects, this paper points out that China is necessary and feasible to introduce the resale right, and we can learn from the EU's policies and measures to achieve a better construction of the resale right system in order to protect the vital interests of Chinese artists and further develop the artwork market in China.

Induction Chemotherapy Plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Alone in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents: A Matched Cohort Analysis

Yang Li,Lin-Quan Tang,Li-Ting Liu,Shan-Shan Guo,Yu-Jing Liang,Xue-Song Sun,Qing-Nan Tang,Jin-Xin Bei,Jing Tan,Shuai Chen,Jun Ma,Chong Zhao,Qiu-Yan Chen,Hai-Qiang Mai 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome and toxicity of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) compared with CCRT alone for the treatment of children and adolescent locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LACANPC). Materials and Methods A total of 194 locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients younger than 21 years who received CCRT with or without IC before were included in the study population. Overall survival (OS) rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate, and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test. Treatment toxicities were clarified and compared between two groups. Results One hundred and thiry of 194 patients received IC+CCRT. Patients who were younger and with more advanced TNM stage were more likely to receive IC+CCRT and intensive modulated radiotherapy. The addition of IC before CCRT failed to improve survival significantly. The matched analysis identified 43 well-balanced patients in both two groups. With a median follow-up of 51.5 months, no differences were found between the IC+CCRT group and the CCRT group in 5-year OS (83.7% vs. 74.6%, p=0.153), PFS (79.2% vs. 73.4%, p=0.355), LRFS (97.7% vs. 88.2%, p=0.083), and DMFS (81.6% vs. 81.6%, p=0.860). N3 was an independent prognostic factor predicting poorer OS, PFS, and DMFS. The addition of IC was associated with increased rates of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia. Conclusion This study failed to demonstrate that adding IC before CCRT could provide a significant additional survival benefit for LACANPC patients. Further investigations are warranted.

Pretreatment Serum Amyloid A and C-reactive Protein Comparing with Epstein-Barr Virus DNA as Prognostic Indicators in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Prospective Study

Qiu-Yan Chen,Qing-Nan Tang,Lin-Quan Tang,Wen-Hui Chen,Shan-Shan Guo,Li-Ting Liu,Chao-Feng Li,Yang Li,Yu-Jing Liang,Xue-Song Sun,Ling Guo,Hao-Yuan Mo,Rui Sun,Dong-Hua Luo,Yu-Ying Fan,Yan He,Ming-Yuan C 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.3

Purpose The measuring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is an important predictor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study evaluated the predictive value of pretreatment serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) comparing with EBV DNA in patients with NPC. Materials and Methods In an observational study of 419 non-metastatic NPC patients, we prospectively evaluated the prognostic effects of pretreatment SAA, CRP, and EBV DNA on survival. The primary endpoint was progress-free survival (PFS). Results The median level of SAA and CRP was 4.28 mg/L and 1.88 mg/L, respectively. For the high- SAA group (> 4.28 mg/L) versus the low-SAA ( 4.28 mg/L) group and the high-CRP group (> 1.88 mg/L) versus the low-CRP ( 1.88 mg/L) group, the 5-year PFS was 64.5% versus 73.1% (p=0.013) and 65.2% versus 73.3% (p=0.064), respectively. EBV DNA detection showed a superior predictive result, the 5-year PFS in the EBV DNA  1,500 copies/mL group was obviously different than the EBV DNA < 1,500 copies/mL group (62.2% versus 77.8%, p < 0.001). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis confirmed that in the PFS, the independent prognostic factors were including EBV DNA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.788; p=0.009), tumour stage (HR, 1.903; p=0.021), and node stage (HR, 1.498; p=0.049), but the SAA and CRP were not included in the independent prognostic factors. Conclusion The results of SAA and CRP had a certain relationship with the prognosis of NPC, and the prognosis of patients with high level of SAA and CRP were poor. However, the predictive ability of SAA and CRP was lower than that of EBV DNA.

Combination of Tumor Volume and Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Improved Prognostic Stratification of Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Era: A Large-Scale Cohort Study

Qiu-Yan Chen,Shao-Yan Guo,Lin-Quan Tang,Tong-Yu Lu,Bo-Lin Chen,Qi-Yu Zhong,Meng-Sha Zou,Qing-Nan Tang,Wen-Hui Chen,Shan-Shan Guo,Li-Ting Liu,Yang Li,Ling Guo,Hao-Yuan Mo,Rui Sun,Dong-Hua Luo,Chong Zha 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.3

Purpose Little is known about combination of the circulating Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA and tumor volume in prognosis of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients in the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era. We conducted this cohort study to evaluate the prognostic values of combining these two factors. Materials and Methods By Kaplan-Meier, we compare the differences of survival curves between 385 patients with different EBV DNA or tumor volume levels, or with the combination of two biomarkers mentioned above. Results Gross tumor volume of cervical lymph nodes (GTVnd, p < 0.001) and total tumor volume (GTVtotal, p < 0.001) were both closely related to pretreatment EBV DNA, while gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (GTVnx, p=0.047) was weakly related to EBV DNA. EBV DNA was significantly correlated with progress-free survival (PFS, p=0.005), locoregional-free survival (LRFS, p=0.039), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, p=0.017), while GTVtotal, regardless of GTVnx and GTVnd, had a significant correlation with PFS and LRFS. The p-values of GTVtotal for PFS and LRFS were 0.008 and 0.001, respectively. According to GTVtotal and pretreatment EBV DNA level, patients were divided into a low-risk group (EBV DNA 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal < 30 cm3; EBV DNA 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal  30 cm3; or EBV DNA > 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal < 30 cm3) and a high-risk group (EBV DNA > 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal  30 cm3). When patients in the low-risk group were compared with those in the high-risk group, 3-year PFS (p=0.003), LRFS (p=0.010), and DMFS (p=0.031) rates were statistically significant. Conclusion Pretreatment plasma EBV DNA and tumor volume were both closely correlated with prognosis of stage II NPC patients in the IMRT era. Combination of EBV DNA and tumor volume can refine prognosis and indicate for clinical therapy.

Subdivision of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients with Bone-Only Metastasis at Diagnosis for Prediction of Survival and Treatment Guidance

Xue-Song Sun,Yu-Jing Liang,Sai-Lan Liu,Qiu-Yan Chen,Shan-Shan Guo,Yue-Feng Wen,Li-Ting Liu,Hao-Jun Xie,Qing-Nan Tang,Xiao-Yun Li,Jin-Jie Yan,Lin-Quan Tang,Hai-Qiang Mai 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study was to subdivide M1 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with bone-only metastases for prognosis prediction while identifying the treatment effect of locoregional radiotherapy (LRRT) and metastasis radiotherapy (MRT) among patients with different risk. Materials and Methods From November 2006 to October 2016, a total of 226 patients with bone-only metastasic NPC were retrospectively enrolled. All patients developed distant lesions before receiving treatment. All potential prognostic factors were considered and the correlation of the M1 subdivisions with overall survival (OS) was determined by Cox regression hazards model. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to appraise survival condition and log-rank testing was used to compare the differences. Results The median follow-up time was 33.9 months (range, 3 to 126 months). According to multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the number of metastatic lesions and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA status after palliative chemotherapy (PCT) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Thus, we subdivided patients into three risk groups according to these two factors. Systemic chemotherapy combined with LRRT may benefit patients in low- and intermediate-risk groups but not in the high-risk group. Further aggressive MRT based on systemic chemotherapy showed no survival benefit in any risk group. Conclusion The stratification of NPC patients with bone-only metastasis based on EBV DNA after PCT and the number of metastatic lesions provided promising prognostic value and could aid clinicians in person-specific treatment.

Patterns of Failure and Survival Trends in 3,808 Patients with Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosed from 1990 to 2012: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study

Xue-Song Sun,Di-Han Liu,Sai-Lan Liu,Qiu-Yan Chen,Shan-Shan Guo,Yue-Feng Wen,Li-Ting Liu,Hao-Jun Xie,Qing-Nan Tang,Yu-Jing Liang,Xiao-Yun Li,Jin-Jie Yan,Ming-Huang Hong,Jun Ma,Lin-Quan Tang,Hai-Qiang M 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival trends and patterns of failure in patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy over the last 20 years. Materials and Methods Thirty-eight hundred and eight patients diagnosed with stage II NPC between January 1990 and December 2012 were involved in this retrospective cohort study. All patients were treated with RT. According to the main imaging techniques and RT technology, we categorized these patients into four calendar periods: 1990-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2007, and 2008-2012. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were served as the clinical outcome. Results After a median follow-up period of 84.7 months, we observed increasing trends in survival and disease control. The 3- and 5-year OS rates increased from 87.1% and 78.7% in the first calendar period to 97.4% and 94.5% in the last calendar period, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant increasing trends could be seen in the PFS and LRFS during the four calendar periods. In the subgroup analysis, the LRFS in patients older than 50 years at diagnosis showed greater improvement than younger patients. However, the rate of distant metastasis was stable and relatively low, as the 5-year DMFS ranged from 90.5% to 94.7% among the four calendar periods. Conclusion The survival rates in patients with stage II NPC showed increasing trends from 1990 to 2012. The advance of RT provided excellent locoregional control and enhanced OS.