Inability of Mate and Species Recognition by Male Asian Toads, Bufo gargarizans

Cheong, Seok-Wan,Sung, Ha-Cheol,Park, Shi-Ryong The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2008 Animal cells and systems Vol.12 No.2

In recent years, we frequently observed missmatched pairs between male Asian toads, Bufo gargarizans, and bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, at the toad breeding ponds, where scramble competition for mating occurred among the male toads. Thus, we performed two-choice experiments to investigate recognition ability of mates and species in male toads. The test males did not discriminate sexes, but the clasped stimulus males immediately produced release calls and stopped it while the clasped stimulus female did not. In addition, the test male toads did not discriminate reproductive state of females and even species. However, male toads chose larger individuals. The present results indicate that the main reason of missmatched amplexus by the male toads is due to 1) the lack of recognition cues of conspecifics, 2) the lack of communication tools like release calls, and 3) the larger size of bullfrogs than male toads themselves.

Skeletochronological Age Determination and Comparative Demographic Analysis of Two Populations of the Gold-spotted Pond Frog (Rana chosenica)

Cheong, Seok-Wan,Park, Dae-Sik,Sung, Ha-Cheol,Lee, Jung-Hyun,Park, Shi-Ryong The Ecological Society of Korea 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.1

To obtain demographic information on threatened gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica Okada, 1931) populations, we determined the ages of 45 male and 13 female frogs (20 males and 9 females from Cheongwon and 25 males and 4 females from Tae-an) and compared the age structures and growth patterns of the two populations in 2006. The snout-vent length (SVL) and body weight of female frogs were greater than those of male frogs in both populations. Male frogs' ages ranged 2 to 7 years old and females' ages ranged 3 to 6 years old. In both populations, 4 years old male frogs were the most abundant age-sex class. The age structures of the two populations were significantly different and the growth coefficients of male frogs from the Cheongwon population were greater than those from the Tae-an population. The mean age of males from the Tae-an population was higher than that from the Cheongwon population. However, the SVL and body weights of male frogs were not different between two populations and there was no difference between the two populations in the mean male SVL at any age. The results could increase our understanding of the life-history of this threatened frog and may be useful in conservation planning.

A Case Study of the Breeding Biology of the Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) in Captivity

Cheong, Seok-Wan,Park, Shi-Ryong,Sung, Ha-Cheol The Ecological Society of Korea 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.1

The captive breeding biology of the Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) was studied over 3 breeding periods. Both the male and female participated in nest building, but the male started to build the nest earlier and spent much time. Time used to build the nest was steadily increased to the egg laying. The copulations were observed $30{\pm}10.53$ (n=3) times in a breeding period. Both male and female incubated their eggs but the female spent more time than the male did. The chicks were hatched $32{\pm}1.29$ (n=6) days after egg laying. Not only the male but also the female took part in the rearing chicks. The male spent more time than the female as chicks grew. The results of this study are useful to assess the ecological soundness of the breeding pair and facilitate the breeding environment in captive breeding of the Oriental white stork.

금개구리(Rana chosenica) 개체군의 생존분석: 개체군의 효과적인 보존과 야생복귀를 위한 제안

정석환 ( Seok Wan Cheong ),성하철 ( Ha Cheol Sung ),박대식 ( Dae Sik Park ),박시룡 ( Shi Ryong Park ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.1

멸종위기종 금개구리(Rana chosenica) 개체군의 존속가능성을 알아보고 효과적인 보전 대책의 마련과 야생복귀 방법을 개발하기 위하여 충북 청원군에 서식하는 개체군을 대상으로 개체군생존분석을 실시하였다. 해당 금개구리의 개체군은 30년간 1,000회의 시뮬레이션을 통해 0.113의 낮은 성장률을 가지고 존속해 나갈 것이라 예측이 되었으나 절멸가능성 또한 81.1%로 매우 높아 환경적으로 민감한 특징을 가지고 있었다. 금개구리개체군의 개체군 성장률과 절멸가능성은 변태율의 변화에 대해 가장 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 금개구리의 야외 개체군을 안정적으로 유지하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 금개구리 유생이 변태할 때까지의 생존율을 높이는 것이 결정적이라는 것을 의미한다. 항아리곰팡이병이나 개구리바이러스와 같은 질병이 발병할 경우 개체군의 절멸확률이 100%로 예측되었다. 절멸개체군의 야생개체군 복원의 방법으로는 수컷의 비율을 83%, 투여개체들의 나이구조가 정상분포를 보이는 100마리의 개체군을 200마리를 수용할 수 있는 지역에 복귀를 시키고, 4년 후 2년 단위로 10년 후까지 10%씩 보충하는 방법이 가장 안정된 개체군을 복원, 유지하는 방법으로 나타났으며, 이 복원된 개체군의 경우 지속적으로 금개구리의 유생이 변태할 때까지의 생존율을 높일 수 있는 보호대책이 마련된다면 성장률 0.297, 절멸가능성 0.290을 갖는 안정된 개체군을 30년 후 138마리까지 유지할 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과들은 금개구리 개체군의 보전과 재도입을 위한 효과적인 전략수립의 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Population viability analysis of a Gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica) population at Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, in South Korea was conducted and we proposed several suggestions for effective conservation and re-introduction of the species. Simulating a developed model over 1,000 times predicted that the population will exist over 30 years with a relatively low growth rate of 0.113, but with a high probability of extinction as 81.1%. Population growth and extinction probability were the most greatly depended on the rate of successful metamorphosis. In the case of outbreak of amphibian diseases such as Chytridiomycosis and Ranavirus, the population will be easily extinct within 4 years with 100% probability. In a habitat of which carrying capacity is 200, to successfully re-introduce an extinct population, it is initially needed to put 100 individuals of which 83% is males and its age structure is normal-distributed. If we additionally conducts artificial supplementation of 10% individuals every 2 years from 4 years to 10 years after initial reintroduction, the population will become a stable with 0.297 growth rate and 0.290 extinction rate. Our results are the first case of amphibian population viability analysis in Korea and could be used to develop effective conservation and re-introduction plans for endangered Gold-spotted pond frog.

편의치적선의 준거법 결정에 있어서 선적국법주의의 예외 -대상판결 : 대법원 2014. 7. 24. 선고 2013다34839 판결-

정영석 ( Cheong Yeong-seok ),두완수 ( Doo Wan-soo ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2018 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.40

이 사건은 국제사법 제8조 제1항을 적용한 최초의 대법원 판결로, 편의치적선에 관한 선박우선특권의 결정과 관련하여 그 적용요건을 제시하였다는 점에서 큰 의미가 있는 판결이다. 다양한 요소를 고려하여 국제사법 제8조 제1항이라는 예외규정을 적용함으로써 동법 제60조 선적국법주의의 경직성을 완화하고 구체적 사건에서 타당한 준거법을 찾은 점에서 긍정적인 면이 크다고 하겠다. 대상판결이 판단의 근거로 삼은 ① 사건 선박이 편의치적이 되어 있어 그 선적만이 선적국과 유일한 관련이 있을 뿐이라는 점, ② 실질적인 선박소유자나 선박 운영회사의 국적과 주된 영업활동장소, ③ 선박의 주된 항해지와 근거지 등은 형식적 선주와 실질적 선주를 구분할 수 있는 일반적 기준이 될 수 있다고 본다. This case is the first case of Supreme Court applying Article 8 of the “Private International Act”, which is meaningful in that it provides the application requirements in relation to the decision of priority right upon a ship on flag of convenience ship. The object judgment is positive in that it reduces the rigidity of the law of the country of ship registry by applying the exception provision of Article 8 of the “Private International Act” in consideration of various factors and finds a valid reference law in concrete cases. In view of the actual use of flag of convenience ship, the judgment is based on the judgment of the ship, which is the only ship related to the shipping country, and the actual ship owner or the ship operator’s nationality and the main business activity place. After the case, the Supreme Court decided that the fact that there is a bareboat charter party and a bareboat charter registration is not enough to be a general rule to construe any cases based on general rule.

Communication of Young Black-Tailed Gulls, Larus crassirostris, in response to Parents Behavior

Chung, Hoon,Cheong, Seok-Wan,Park, Shi-Ryong The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2004 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.8 No.4

In the breeding colony of black-tailed gull, as nests of conspecific neighbors are very closely located, chicks are permanently exposed by sound and visual stimuli produced by adult conspecifics approaching their nests. The chicks, therefore, may need to learn ways to appropriately respond to their parents approach. In this study we experimentally manipulated sensory stimulation that is potentially provided by the parents to the offspring. Chicks incubated in the laboratory were exposed to a mew call of the conspecific adult. Then they were tested in three situations differing in sensory stimulation: 1) visual stimulation only, 2) auditory stimulation only, and 3) Simultaneous visual and auditory stimulations. We observed occurrence of different response of the chicks, which were categorized into three behaviors (begging call response, chirirah call and pecking behavior). We also investigated intensity of the chicks call in response to the different stimulations and the degree of response with age. The chicks exposed to only auditory stimulation made significantly more chirirah calls. The intensities (dB) of the mew call and chicks chirirah call were directly correlated. On the other hand, when chicks just saw the stuffed adult gull, they responded significantly more with a begging call and pecking behavior. In the situation of costimulation, the chicks responded with a begging call and pecking, but less frequently than visual stimulation only. The results suggest that young black-tailed gulls use call repertories to properly respond to parents behavior. Such results suggest an evolutionary process for uncreasing their survival rate in a group breeding site.

사회인구학적 배경에 따른 정보격차의 다원모형분석

심상완(Sang-Wan Shim),김정식(Cheong-Seok Kim) 한국인구학회 2001 한국인구학 Vol.24 No.2

정보격차현상은 정보화 혹은 정보사회로의 진입과 더불어 심각한 사회문제로 부상하리라 예측되고 있으며, 이를 해소하기 위한 사회적 관심들이 적지 않다. 그러나 정보격차 현황과 추이를 파악하려는 대부분의 연구들은 기술적 분석에 머무르고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 기존연구들에서 정보격차 배경변인으로 알려진 거주지역, 성, 연령, 교육수준 및 가구소득 등의 상대적 영향력과 이들 변인에 따른 정보격차가 지난 몇 년간 심화, 지속 혹은 완화되었는지를 파악한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 한국정보문화센터가 실시한 〈1998년도 국민정보화인식 및 정보생활실태조사〉와 〈2000년도 정보생활 실태 및 정보화인식조사〉자료를 활용하여, 컴퓨터와 인터넷 이용여부에 대한 다중로짓 모형분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 1998-2000년이라는 짧은 기간 동안에 컴퓨터와 인터넷 사용에서의 남녀간 격차는 다소 줄어들었으나, 대부분의 사회집단간 격차는 지속 되거나 증가하고 있음이 발견되었다. 점차 가속되는 정보화과정에서 이러한 사회경제적 인구학적 배경변인에 따른 정보격차는 사회통합과 발전에 중요한 걸림돌로 등장하며, 그에 따른 사회적 정책적 대응이 요구된다. As we are entering the information society, there are increasing concerns about information gaps which are believed to create serious obstacles to social integration and development. Previous studies on the information gaps in Korea, despite their contributions to our understanding of the issue, appear to be descriptive, This study attempts to analyze the relative importance of residential area, gender, age, education, and household income for information gaps and their changes in recent years. Based on the data from two surveys conducted by the Information Culture Center, the study run multivariate logit model analysis of the use of computer and internet. The result shows that all the variables except residential area have influences on the use of computer and internet. In terms of time change, gender-based difference in the use of digital media has decreased between 1998 and 2000 while the differences by all the other variables have remained constant or increased.

좌측 실비우스 종양 수술 후 생긴 양측성 소뇌출혈 -증례보고-

석주완 ( Ju Wan Seok ),김충현 ( Choong Hyun Kim ),홍현종 ( Hyun Jong Hong ),정진환 ( Jin Hwan Cheong ),김재민 ( Jae Min Kim ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2009 대한뇌종양학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Hemorrhagic complications may be occasionally developed after intracranial surgery. However, remote cerebellar hemorrhage( RCH) following supratentorial surgery is uncommonly reported. A 49-year-old male presented with seizure, which was characterized by a generalized tonic-clonic type for 3 times. There was a well-enhanced round mass in the preoperative brain magnetic resonance(MR) image. We performed tumor resection with left frontotemporal craniotomy. Pathological examination of tumor specimen was confirmed as a malignant meningioma. There was no hypertensive event or coagulopathy in the perioperative period. On the follow-up brain computed tomography(CT) scans taken at 48 hours after surgery, it revealed bilateral streaky intracerebellar hemorrhage. The patient was recovered by the conservative treatment without any neurological deficits. This case report emphasizes an importance of close monitoring of patients to detect rarely occurring complications like RCH. The authors also review pertinent literatures and discuss a pathogenesis of RCH.

선박 및 적하 압류제도에 관한 한ㆍ중 법률 비교 연구

정영석(Yeong-Seok Cheong),김만홍(Wan-Hong Jin),김추(Qiu Jin) 한국해사법학회 2003 해사법연구 Vol.15 No.2

The article is relating to ships, transport, exploitation of sea or civil or commercial disputes in relative areas, special in nature. The Special Maritime Procedure Law will push the development of Chinese maritime transport and the international trade and economy. In this article I compare Chinese legal system for securing the maritime claims with Special Maritime Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China with Korea Civil Procedure Act as to the arrest of ships and cargoes. Mainly I will say the characteristics of Chinese Law below. First, I discuss the system for arrest of ship prelitigation, mainly about the definition and development of the system of the arrest of ship, the conditions for arrest of ship and its legal consequence. What most distinctive is that the system for arrest of ship recognizes action in rem to some extent. The Special Maritime Procedure Law regulates that "when the maritime claimant apples for arresting the ship involved in the case, it will not affect the application if the claimant cannot make clear the name of the defendant at once." It shows distinctive difference from the traditional attitude of Chinese civil litigation theory, which only recognize action in personal. Second I discuss about the legal system for detainment of cargo on board. Among it what needs emphasize is that only cargoes owned by the claim are detainable and the value of the cargoes detained should amount to the value of claims. Otherwise, the claimant is liable to the legal consequence arising from his misrepresentation. Lastly, I point out some shortcomings of Special Maritime Procedure Law as to comparisons with Korean law.

Full-Swing a-IGZO Inverter With a Depletion Load Using Negative Bias Instability Under Light Illumination

In-Tak Cho,Ju-Wan Lee,Jun-Mo Park,Woo-Seok Cheong,Chi-Sun Hwang,Joon-Seop Kwak,Il-Hwan Cho,Hyuck-In Kwon,Hyungcheol Shin,Byung-Gook Park,Jong-Ho Lee IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.12

<P>A high-performance amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) inverter, which is composed of an enhancement mode driver and a depletion mode load, is implemented by selectively inducing the negative bias illumination temperature stress (NBITS) to the load TFT. Under NBITS, the transfer curve of the load TFT shows a parallel shift into the negative bias direction without a significant change in the subthreshold slope and recovers very slowly after terminating the NBITS even under harsh bias and temperature stress conditions. The proposed inverter shows much improved switching characteristics including higher voltage gain, wider swing range, and higher noise margins compared to the conventional inverter with an enhancement load.</P>