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근대 이행기의 서구 과학기술 수용을 통해서 나타난 『덕혜입문』의 기독교적 이해
서상진(Seo, Sang-Jin) 동서신학연구소 2024 동서신학 Vol.8 No.1
『덕혜입문』은 런던선교회에서 중국으로 파송된 그리피스 존이 션즈싱(沈子星, 1825-1887)의 도움을 받아 1879년에 한문으로 초판을 출간한 이후, 약 50년 동안 일곱 차례(1882, 1887, 1890, 1897, 1907, 1908, 1909)에 걸쳐 출간되었다. 『덕혜입문』이 일곱 번에 걸쳐 지속적인 출판한 것은 독자들에게 널리 보급되었다는 것을 증명할 뿐 아니라 그 가치가 인정되었다고 할 수 있다. 『덕혜입문』은 1879년 우창에서 시행된 과거 시험을 응시하러 온 수험생들에게 전도하기 위해 배포된 도서이다. 화중 선교의 아버지(華中宣敎之父)라고 불리는 『덕혜입문』의 저자인 그리피스 존은 1876년 한커우서회(Hankow Tract Society)를 창립하여, 기독교 문서 사역에 집중했다. 그리피스 존은 한커우서회를 중심으로 많은 서적을 출간하여, 문서 선교에 큰 업적을 남겼는데, 그 저술 중 하나가 『덕혜입문』이다. 『덕혜입문』은 언더우드 선교사에 의해 번역되었고, 후에 게일 선교사에 의해 수정하여 개정판이 출간되었다. 『덕혜입문』은 중국 식자층을 전도하고자 하는 의도를 가지고 저술되었고, 당시 유학자들의 관심이 많았던 유교 경전과 심성론을 인용하여 사용하였고, 잘못된 부분을 냉철하게 지적하기도 했다. 또한 전도용으로 제작되었지만, 서구 과학기술과 서양 철학까지 소개하여, 중국 지식인들에게 기독교가 보편적 진리임을 말하고자 했다. 『덕혜입문』은 초기 한국교회에도 소개가 되어 1세대 교회 지도자들이 회심하기도 했다. 특히 개신교 7명의 목사 중 한 명인 서상륜(徐相崙, 1848-1926)의 동생 서경조(徐景祚, 1852-1938) 목사는 존 로스(John Ross, 1842-1915) 선교사에 의해 『덕혜입문』이 황해도 송천리(松川里, 우리말로 ‘솔내’라고 부르는 데, 여기서 ‘소래’란 이름이 유래했다)에 도착했을 때, 이 책을 읽고 회심한 것으로 전해진다. 『덕혜입문』은 초기 한국교회에 많은 영향을 주었다. “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was first published in Classical Chinese in 1879 with the help of Shen Zixing (1825-1887) by Griffith John, who was dispatched to China by the London Missionary Society. Over the next 50 years, it was published seven times (1882, 1887, 1890, 1897, 1907, 1908, and 1909). The continuous publication of “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” not only proves its widespread dissemination among readers but also attests to its recognized value.“The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was distributed to candidates who came to take the imperial examinations held in Wuchang in 1879 for evangelistic purposes. Griffith John, the author of “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” known as the Father of Central China Mission, founded the Hankow Tract Society in 1876 and focused on Christian literature ministry. He made significant achievements in literature-based evangelism by publishing numerous books through the Hankow Tract Society, one of which was “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was translated by missionary Underwood and later revised and reissued by missionary Gale. The book was written with the intention of evangelizing the educated class in China, using and critically addressing Confucian classics and theories of human nature, which were of great interest to scholars at the time. Although it was created for evangelistic purposes, it also introduced Western science and philosophy to demonstrate to Chinese intellectuals that Christianity is a universal truth. “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was introduced to the early Korean church, leading to the conversion of first-generation church leaders. Notably, Reverend Seo Gyeong-jo (徐景祚, 1852-1938), the brother of one of the seven Protestant ministers, Seo Sang-ryun (徐相崙, 1848-1926), converted after reading “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” when it arrived in Songcheon-ri (松川里, called ‘Solnae’ in Korean, from which the name ‘Sorae’ is derived) in Hwanghae Province, through missionary John Ross (1842-1915). “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” had a significant impact on the early Korean church.
Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>
Defect Inspection and Defect Size Measurement in a Brazing-typed Heat Exchanger
Sang-Woo Seo,Jin-Young Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Brazing joint is one of the most critical fact in the performance of heat-exchanger. Therefore, The proper method is required for the precise inspection to detect existing defects in the brazing joints. Two types of heat exchangers were analyzed to obtain cross-sectional images by using CT(Computerized tomography) and the defects were inspected with inspection system. The detected defects were saved with their own coordinates and analyzed. With these data, the defects were three-dimensionally imaged reflecting inspection results. As a result, the type and shape of defects existing in the samples were confirmed.
Synthesis of Mesoporous CuOx Using Inverse Micelle Sol–gel Process for NO2 Gas Sensing
Sung Gue Heo,Sangwoo Kim,Seok-Jun Seo,Jae Jin Sim,Jiyeon Shin,Ali Mirzaei,Myung Sik Choi 대한금속·재료학회 2024 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.62 No.8
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a highly dangerous gas, mostly emitting emitted from fossil fuels, anda major contributor to air pollution. It has negatively effects affects on the human health as well asandcontributes to environmental issues like acid rain. In this study, mesoporous CuOx nanoparticles (NPs) weresuccessfully synthesized using a low-temperature inverse micelle sol–gel method. Subsequently, thesynthesized NPs were annealed at temperatures of 250, 350, and 450 °C. Advanced characterization of thesynthesized samples revealed that upon with increasing the annealing temperature, the sizes of the NPsincreased, whileereas their surface areas decreased. The sample annealed at 250°C showed a remarkablyhigher surface area (161.85 m2/g) compared with the samples annealed at 350 °C (39.88 m2/g) and 450 °C(22.52 m2/g) thanks to finer particle sizes and a mesoporous nature. Resistive gas sensors incorporatingthese samples were successfully fabricated and tested for sensitivity towards both NO2 (oxidizing gas) andH2S (reducing gas) at 200 °C. The sensor with the mesoporous CuOx NPs annealed at the lowesttemperature (250 °C) exhibited an enhanced response to NO2 gas but no response to H2S. The strongresponse to NO2 gas is considered to be due to the high surface area of the sensing layer which providesplenty of adsorption sites for gas molecules and the oxidizing nature of NO2 gas with high affinity toelectrons. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the inverse micelle sol–gel method forin synthesizingmesoporous CuOx NPs for gas sensing, as well as the need for to optimizing optimize the annealingtemperature to maximize the sensor response.
Seo, Seung Un,Woo, Seon Min,Lee, Hyun-Shik,Kim, Sang Hyun,Min, Kyoung-jin,Kwon, Taeg Kyu Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Oncogene Vol.37 No.38
<P>mTOR is an important regulator of cell growth and forms two complexes, mTORC1/2. In cancer, mTOR signaling is highly activated, and the regulation of this signaling, as an anti-cancer strategy, has been emphasized. However, PP242 (inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2) alone did not induce human renal carcinoma cell death. In this study, we found that PP242 alone did not alter cell viability, but combined curcumin and PP242 treatment induced cell death. Combined PP242 and curcumin treatment induced Bax activation and decreased expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, co-treatment with PP242 and curcumin-induced the downregulation of the Rictor (an mTORC2 complex protein) and Akt protein levels, and ectopic overexpression of Rictor or Akt inhibited PP242 plus curcumin induced cell death. Downregulation of Rictor increased cytosolic Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> release from endoplasmic reticulum, which led to lysosomal damage in PP242 plus curcumin-treated cells. Furthermore, damaged lysosomes induced autophagy. Autophagy inhibitors markedly inhibited cell death. Finally, combined curcumin and PP242 treatment reduced tumor growth and induced cell death in xenograft models. Altogether, our results reveal that combined PP242 and curcumin treatment could induce autophagy-mediated cell death by reducing the expression of Rictor and Akt in renal carcinoma cells.</P>