Identification of p54(nrb) and the 14-3-3 Protein HS1 as TNF-α-Inducible Genes Related to Cell Cycle Control and Apoptosis in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells

Sebastian Stier,Gudrun Totzke,Elisabeth Grunewald,Thomas Neuhaus,Stefan Fronhoffs,Silke Schoneborn,Hans Vetter,Yon Ko 한국생활환경학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.4

Der Schuldnerverzug als eigenständiger Tatbestand im Recht der Leistungsstörungenmobile

Sebastian Lohsse 충남대학교 법학연구소 2008 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.2

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RESPONSIBLE VS. ACTIVE BRANDS? A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF BRAND PERSONALITY ON CONSUMER-BRAND RELATIONSHIPS

Sebastian Molinillo,Arnold Japutra 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Increasingly, there is a rise of interests from practitioners and academics on the topic of consumer-brand relationships (CBR). It has been argued that consumer build relationship with a brand in consonance with its personalities. Thus, this study investigates the role of brand personality in predicting prominent CBR constructs, such as brand awareness, brand trust, and brand loyalty. Researchers consider brand personality as one of the prominent constructs in predicting consumer preferences and choices (e.g. Eisend & Stokburger-Sauer, 2013; Gordon, Zainuddin, & Magee, 2016; Guèvremont & Grohmann, 2013). It has been established that brands are capable to have personalities (Aaker, 1997; Geuens, Weijters, & De Wulf, 2009). The study of brand personality flourished since Aaker (1997) created a brand personality scale (BPS). According to her, brand personality reflects five main dimensions: sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness. Out of these dimensions, many studies mainly focus on two dimensions, sincerity and excitement respectively (e.g. Aaker, Benet-Martinez, & Garolera, 2001; Hosany, Ekinci, & Uysal, 2006; Ivens & Valta, 2012; Sung, Choi, Ahn, & Song, 2015). These studies consider these two dimensions to be of important since these dimensions appear to capture much of the variance in personality ratings of brands (Aaker, 1997) and are considered prominent to the marketing landscape (Aaker, Fournier, & Brasel, 2004; Guèvremont & Grohmann, 2013; Toldos-Romero & Orozco-Gómez, 2015). Although Aaker's BPS represents the most prominent operationalization of brand personality (Eisend & Stokburger-Sauer, 2013; Matzler, Strobl, Stokburger-Sauer, Bobovnicky, & Bauer, 2016; Freling, Crosno, & Henard, 2011), her model has been the subject of several critiques. Researchers argue that the scale measures brand identity rather than brand personality (Azoulay & Kapferer, 2003), the scale is too general and simplistic (Austin, Siguaw, & Mattila, 2003), the scale does not include negative factors (Bosnjak, Bochmann, & Hufschmidt, 2007), and the scale is non-generalizable and non-replicable cross culturally (Arora & Stoner, 2009; Geuens et al., 2009). These shortcomings led researchers to construct an alternative to Aaker’s BPS. Geuens et al. (2009) develop a new measure of brand personality, which includes five dimensions: responsibility, activity, aggressiveness, simplicity, and emotionality. Although many studies scrutinize on Aaker’s brand personality scale, only limited studies apply Geuens et al.’s BPS (e.g. Garsvaite & Caruana, 2014; Goldsmith & Goldsmith, 2012; Gordon et al., 2016; Matzler et al., 2016). Thus, the present study investigates the relationships between brand personality, using Geuens et al.’s (2009) scale, and three important consumer-brand relationships (CBR) constructs. These three constructs are brand awareness, brand trust, and brand loyalty. Aaker (1991) conceptualize brand equity to include five important constructs, which includes brand awareness and brand loyalty. Meanwhile, Keller (1993) notes that brand knowledge is an important component of brand equity, consists of brand awareness and brand image. In addition, brand trust has been considered to be essential in influencing brand performance (Chaudhuri & Holbrook, 2001). Hence, the focus of the present study lies on these three variables. As it has been discussed above, researchers consider sincerity and excitement to be essential in investigating consumer behavior. In light of a shortage of studies in applying Geuens et al.’s (2009) BPS, the present study examines two personality dimensions, which are conceptually similar to Aaker’s (1997) BPS: responsibility to replace sincerity and activity to replace excitement (see Table 1). To the best of our knowledge, no research has investigated the relationships between these three consumer-brand relationships constructs (i.e. brand awareness, brand trust and brand loyalty) and the two most relevant brand personality dimensions (i.e. responsibility and activity). The present study contributes to the marketing literature in three different ways. First, this study adds to the body of knowledge on the relationship between brand personality and CBR constructs using the new measure of BPS. Second, this study assesses the individual level of the new BPS, particularly responsibility and activity, on the three CBR constructs. In doing so, this study responds Keller and Lehmann’s (2006) and Geuens et al.’s (2009) call to assess the individual capacity of the brand personality dimensions to get consumer preference or loyalty. Third, this study displays which out of the two dimensions of the new BPS (i.e. responsible and active) are more important to predict the three CBR constructs. In this research, data were collected from Spanish respondents using online survey with snowballing technique. In total, 347 respondents participated in the survey. After checking for incomplete questionnaires and missing values, 8 questionnaires were dropped. Hence, 339 questionnaires were used for the analysis. Before conducting multivariate analysis, normality tests were conducted. The measurement and structural models was tested using AMOS 18, employing the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. We find that brand personality predicts these three CBR constructs. Brand personality explains 56%, 58%, and 45% of the variance in brand awareness, brand trust, and brand loyalty, respectively. The results show that the strongest link is between brand personality and brand trust. Su and Tong (2015) find that there is no relationship between exciting personality and brand awareness. On the contrary, this study displays that being an active brand leads to higher brand awareness. Even the results show that active brands are more likely to build brand awareness compared to responsible brands. However, in order to build brand trust and brand loyalty, responsible brands are more preferred compared to active brands. These results are in line with Eisend and Stokburger-Sauer (2013) that reveal weak relationships between excitement on brand attitude and brand commitment. These days, consumers prefer the brands to be more responsible or sincere. As Kotler (2011) argues that there is a shift in marketing that consumers pay more attention toward social responsibilities. Interestingly, the results show that being too active could negatively affect brand trust and brand loyalty. Although the association is not statistically significant, Banerjee (2016) finds that excitement brand personality has a negative association with brand preference. A study also finds that excitement does not predict employer brand trust (Rampl & Kenning, 2014). One explanation could be that the brands would like to be something that is an opposite of what they are claiming. Guèvremont and Grohmann (2013) argue that when a sincere brand attempts to flatter the consumers, it decreases brand attitude and increases disappointment. However, this does not occur when flattery comes from exciting brands. Brand managers should be very careful in communicating their brands personalities. Communicating to the consumers that their brands are responsible as well as active is good. However, brand managers should understand the interplay between these two opposing personalities. Consumers may believe that the brand is a responsible brand but also a little bit active. However, communicating two different opposing personalities at the same time may confuse the consumers. This is due to consumers’ disconfirmation of expectations (Guèvremont & Grohmann, 2013). Although this study enlightens the literature of brand management, it is not without its limitations. This study collects data from a cross-sectional study in Spain. In order to generalize the results of this study, future studies should replicate the conceptual framework cross culturally. Particularly on the negative effects of active personality toward the three CBR constructs. Furthermore, Spanish has been regarded as individuals with high uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede, 2001). Uncertainty avoidance increases the reliability of the brand personality dimensions, namely sincerity and excitement (Eisend & Stokburger-Sauer, 2013). Thus, it would be interesting to know whether differences occur between high and low uncertainty avoidance respondents. In addition, future studies should also account for other individual differences, such as attachment style. Japutra, Ekinci, Simkin, and Nguyen (2014) note that attachment style plays a prominent role in predicting consumer behaviors.

Un rastro de sombras: deseo, cuerpos y memoria en Corazon tan blanco

( Sebastian Patron Saade ) 한국스페인어문학회(구 한국서어서문학회) 2017 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.83

This article analyses how Corazon tan blanco, by the Spanish writer Javier Marias, exposes the importance of desire to articulate an open narrative about the past. Instead of arguing in favour of a transparent language to reconstruct the past, Marias`s narrator is conscious of the need to preserve what he terms areas of shadow inside his tale. Through his depiction of the male and female bodies of his story, his narrative introduces ambiguity and creates empty zones in which desire emerges. The parallels that the protagonist weaves between the bodies he describes are fundamental to create an alternative story in which the past loosens its grip on his life. After reaching a dead point in his life, the narrator realizes that the empty areas that the bodies produce prevent the past from becoming a mere anecdote and thus losing relevance, and for overcoming the traumatic irruption of the past into the present. The ambivalence these shadowy areas create is necessary to maintain the narrator`s ability to engage creatively with both his past and his future.

Monumental Burial Mounds in Kyŏngju: Remarks on their Socio-political Meaning

Sebastian Muller 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2019 International Journal of Korean History Vol.24 No.2

현대 경주시 도심에 자리하고 있는 고분들은 고신라의 가장 인상적인 유적이다. 적석목곽묘에서 출토된 당대의 유물은 신라의 국가 형성의 특정 단계인 마립간 시기(356-514) 때 발생됐으며, 통치자의 칭호 또한 마립간이었다. 대단히 호화로운 부장품과 함께 거대한 규모를 자랑하는 몇몇의 특정한 고분들은 일반적으로 신라 지배층의 정치적 독립성과 힘을 반영하는 왕의 무덤으로 해석되어왔다. 그러나, ‘권력을 과시하는 무덤’이라는 개념을 도입한 배경에는 역설적으로 이 기념비적 고분의 존재를 이용하여 왕권을 더욱 공고히 하려는 의도가 담겨있는 바, 이 크고 화려한 고분은 오히려 당시의 높은 사회-정치적인 긴장의 표상이라 주장된다. 따라서 이 고분의 존재는 신흥세력의 정치적 약점을 나타내는 지표이다. 고구려 왕국과 대가족 간 경쟁으로 인한 외부의 압력은 이 고분 축조의 주요 원동력이다. The mounded graves in the city center of modern Kyŏngju belong to the most impressive relics of Old Silla. These burials, constructed as wooden chamber tombs within a stone mound, occurred during a specific stage of Silla’s state formation, which is also known in reference to the ruler’s title as the maripkan period (356-514). Due to their gigantic measurements and their extremely lavish equipment, a small group of these graves has been commonly interpreted as royal tombs that reflect the political independence and strength of Silla’s elite. However, by introducing the concept of ‘ostentatious graves’ it is being argued that the monumental burials are rather an expression of high socio-political tension. Their existence is an indicator of the political weakness of the emerging polity. Pressure from the outside caused by the kingdom of Koguryŏ and inter-polity competitions of the leading families are identified as a major impetus for the construction of these graves.

Mobilizing Resources for Supporting Environmental Activities in Developing Countries: The Case of the GEF Trust Fund

( Sebastian Millera ),( Bok Keun Yub ) 한국국제경제학회 2013 한국국제경제학회 학술대회발표 논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

Mobilizing sufficient resources is essential for supporting environmental activities in developing countries, and cofinancing is generally considered an important tool to help developing countries increase the resources they need. Moreover, cofinancing should increase ownership of projects by local authorities while improving accountability. The literature, however, has not explored why certain projects receive higher levels of cofinancing than others. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining the cofinancing ratio and its determinants using projects financed by the GEF Trust Fund. The empirical results confirm that the rules of the fund, requiring different minimum cofinancing ratios by size and focal area of the GEF projects, do matter. Other important factors include funds’ origins (foreign vs. domestic), types of cofinancing sources (reimbursable vs. non-reimbursable) and the particular GEF agencies involved.

1177 B.C. The Year Civilization Collapsed

Sebastian Müller 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2014 The Mediterranean Review Vol.7 No.2

This book is the first in a new series edited by the influential historianBarry Strauss under the title Turning points in ancient history. The series aimsto highlight with each publication a “crucial event or key moment in theancient world” (xiii). Eric H. Cline, professor of classics and anthropology aswell as director of the Capitol Archaeological Institute at George WashingtonUniversity, successfully undertakes the difficult task of summarizing andanalyzing the disparate sources and scholarly works on the events or processesthat led to the collapse of several powerful polities in the Aegean, Anatolia,Mesopotamia and the Levant at the end of the Bronze Age. This dramatictransition to the early Iron Age, also known in the Aegean as the Dark Ages, isundoubtedly of crucial significance but less present in the common historicalconsciousness - a situation that Cline’s knowledgeable and comprehensivework is clearly capable of changing.

Hierarchy vs. Heterarchy: An Alternative Interpretation of the Organization of Bronze Age Settlements in Istria

Sebastian Müller 한국세계문화사학회 2018 세계 역사와 문화 연구 Vol.0 No.49

Istria located in the Caput Adriae is one of the areas that has been overlooked in the research of the Bronze Age Mediterranean, although the location of the peninsula suggests an important function in the connection of Mediterranean and Central European communication networks. The Bronze Age in Istria is characterized by the occurrence of a huge number of hillforts, so-called gradina or castellieri, whose function and organization is not well understood so far. According to traditional approaches and based on single locations, the settlement structure is interpreted as strictly hierarchical with a central place at the first tier that controls a rather limited territory with smaller subordinate settlements. Through basic observations and by including current, albeit preliminary, research results, it seems to turn out that this explanation is probably not appropriate to describe the Bronze Age settlement structure of the Istrian hillforts. Alternatively the concept of heterarchy referring to a system of non-ranked settlements is suggested as a way to describe the peculiar situation of the Istrian Bronze Age settlements. Due to the rather unsatisfying state of research regarding this topic, the given considerations cannot claim to be more than first tentative attempts to get a better understanding of the interesting but still puzzling case of the Istrian hillforts

프랑스의 작업중지권 : 규제와 현황

Sebastian Schulze-Marmeling 한국노동연구원 2015 국제노동브리프 Vol.13 No.7

Behavior based Routing Misbehavior Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Sebastian Terence ),( Geethanjali Purushothaman ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.11

Sensor networks are deployed in unheeded environment to monitor the situation. In view of the unheeded environment and by the nature of their communication channel sensor nodes are vulnerable to various attacks most commonly malicious packet dropping attacks namely blackhole, grayhole attack and sinkhole attack. In each of these attacks, the attackers capture the sensor nodes to inject fake details, to deceive other sensor nodes and to interrupt the network traffic by packet dropping. In all such attacks, the compromised node advertises itself with fake routing facts to draw its neighbor traffic and to plunge the data packets. False routing advertisement play vital role in deceiving genuine node in network. In this paper, behavior based routing misbehavior detection (BRMD) is designed in wireless sensor networks to detect false advertiser node in the network. Herein the sensor nodes are monitored by its neighbor. The node which attracts more neighbor traffic by fake routing advertisement and involves the malicious activities such as packet dropping, selective packet dropping and tampering data are detected by its various behaviors and isolated from the network. To estimate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, Network Simulator 2.34 is used. In addition packet delivery ratio, throughput and end-to-end delay of BRMD are compared with other existing routing protocols and as a consequence it is shown that BRMD performs better. The outcome also demonstrates that BRMD yields lesser false positive (less than 6%) and false negative (less than 4%) encountered in various attack detection.