http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOLECULAR GAS LASER
SAUER, ROBERT G.,KIM, DOKYONG,KANG, HYON SIK 연세대학교 대학원 1971 延世論叢 Vol.8 No.1
기체 탈만 깨스(Co2, Activator), 질소 및 헤리움(N2 and He; Coactivator)을 길이 1 meter, 반경 1.3cm의 Optical Cavity안에 흘리고 이 기체를 Cavity 안에서 전기 Discharge 시 켜 Caser를 발생시켰다. 이때 사용한 Cavity 양단의 반사경은 겔마늄 단결정에 Dielectric Coating이 되어 있고 출력쪽은 1/3 정도 Coating막을 벗겨 출력 Bcam을 얻었다. 출력은 약 2.5 Watt 였고 파장은 10.6μm를 회절 방법에 의해 구했으며 기체 압력은 CO2 0.9 Torr, N2 2 Torr, He 7 Torr 일때 가장 큰 출력을 낼 수 있었으며 사용된 전원은 고류 12,000 Volt 30mA 이었다.
Advancing Risk Assessment through the Application of Systems Toxicology
Sauer, John Michael,Kleensang, Andre,Peitsch, Manuel C.,Hayes, A. Wallace Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.1
Risk assessment is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. Mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems toxicology. Systems toxicology makes use of advanced analytical and computational tools to integrate classical toxicology and quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Three presentations including two case studies involving both in vitro and in vivo approaches described the current state of systems toxicology and the potential for its future application in chemical risk assessment.
The Characteristics of a He-Ne Gas Laser
Sauer, Robert G.,Kim, Do Kyong 연세대학교 대학원 1966 延世論叢 Vol.4 No.1
Microwave 技術의 發展으로 始作된 單色 密集된 可視光인 laser 硏究는 근 10년간 많은 發展을 하여 光集的인 硏究나 應用의 길을 열어놓았다. 한편 laser 發生物質도 많은 種類에 이르게 되었으며 그中에서도 He-Ne gas laser는 比較的 發生方法이 쉽고 작은 出力으로 連續線을 얻을 수 있어 laser 硏究의 기초적인 단계이다. 氣體內의 原子는 基低에너지 E0로부터 이온化 에너지 Ei까지의 여러 에너지準位 E0, E1 ,E2 ..... Ei를 갖일 수 있으며 한 電子가 一定準位 Em로부터 낮은 에너지 準位 En로 옮길 때 Em-En=hfmn의 에너지差에 對應되는 電滋輻射波를 放出한다. 높은 에너지 準位로부터 基低에너지準位로 옮길 때 非禁止帶인 몇개의 中間 에너지단계를 거처서 基低準位로 돌아오며 이들 中間에너지準位에 머므는 時間은 높은 에너지準位에 머므는 時間보다 길고, 中間에너지準位에 머므는 確率的 數가 커서 大部分의 電子는 中問에너지準位로부터 基底에너지準位로 돌아오게 된다. 이때 放出된 輻射波는 强한 密集된 laser光을 發生한다. He-Ne gas laser의 laser物質은 He gas와 Ne gas가 1 : 7의 比로 混合된 gas이다. He은 Ne의 中間에너지準位와 비슷한 에너지準位들을 가져 pumping action을 증진시키고 混合 gas로 laser의 發生效率을 높이게 된다. 裝置는 放電管部 反射鏡, Gas 供給部, 眞空部로 이루어지며 放電管裝置는 57˚角으로 調整한 quartz window를 유리管 兩쪽에 附着시키고 다시 管內에 直徑 2mm의 管을 設置하여 放電管部를 이룬다. 이 길이는 55cm 이다. 管內의 不純物은 laser 發生을 방해함으로 잘 닦아야 하며 調整臺에 設置後 몇번 眞空 pump로 眞空을 시키어 附着 gas等 不純物을 제거한다. 裝置가 끝난 後 管內의 眞空度가 10-5mmHg에 이를 때까지 배기한 후 콕크를 닫아 管과 眞空pump를 차단하고 Barium getter로 다시 眞空度를 낮춘 後, 混合 gas를 氣體壓力이 2.5mmHg에 이를 때까지 管內에 넣는다. 이때 氣體壓力은 Oil manometer로 測定한다. 放電管에 gas를 채운 후 콕크로 gas병과 裝置를 차단하고 管兩端의 放電電極에 10,000volt의 交流電壓을 加하여 放電시키며 focal length 62cm의 反射鏡을 조정하며 Beam marten을 觀測한다. 이 實驗에서는 약한 赤色 spectrum을 觀測하였으며 parten을 얻지 못하였다.
Advancing Risk Assessment through the Application of Systems Toxicology
John Michael Sauer,Andre Kleensang,Manuel C. Peitsch,A. Wallace Hayes 한국독성학회 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.1
Risk assessment is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. Mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems toxicology. Systems toxicology makes use of advanced analytical and computational tools to integrate classical toxicology and quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Three presentations including two case studies involving both in vitro and in vivo approaches described the current state of systems toxicology and the potential for its future application in chemical risk assessment.
Christopher Martin Sauer,Jinghui Dong,Leo Anthony Celi,Daniele Ramazzotti 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.3
Purpose Cancer patients are at increased risk of treatment- or disease-related admission to the intensive care unit. Over the past decades, both critical care and cancer care have improved substantially. Due to increased cancer-specific survival, we hypothesized that the number of cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and survival have increased. Materials and Methods MIMIC-III was used to study trends and outcomes of cancer patients admitted to the ICU between 2002 and 2011. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounders of mortality. Results Among 41,468 patients analyzed, 1,083 were hemato-oncologic, 4,330 were oncologic and 66 patients had both a hematological and solid malignancy. Admission numbers more than doubled and the proportion of cancer patients in the ICU increased steadily from 2002 to 2011. In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, solid cancers and hematologic cancers were strongly associated with 28-day mortality. This association was even stronger for 1-year mortality, with odds ratios of 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.69 to 4.38) and 2.25 (95% CI, 1.93 to 2.62), respectively. Over the 10-year study period, both 28-day and 1-year mortality decreased, with hematologic patients showing the strongest annual adjusted decrease in the odds of death. There was considerable heterogeneity among solid cancer types. Conclusion Between 2002 and 2011, the number of cancer patients admitted to the ICU more than doubled, while clinical severity scores remained overall unchanged, suggesting improved treatment. Although cancer patients had higher mortality rates, both 28-day and 1-year mortality of hematologic patients decreased faster than that of non-cancer patients, while mortality rates of cancer patients strongly depended on cancer type.