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Satoshi KOBAYASHI, Ph.D. 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2014 No.1
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has so far two significant COPs in Asia: COP5 in Kushiro, Japan in 1993 and COP10 in Changwon, South Korea, in 2008. The Convention itself is an intergovernmental mechanism. However, the mission of the Convention – conservation of wetlands and wetland resources – can only be achieved by participation of local municipalities and people. Besides, the Ramsar Convention has another unique aspect compared with other biodiversity-related treaties/conventions: it is created by NGOs and still located within an international NGO, namely IUCN. Therefore, it is crucial for wetland conservation to promote partnerships between the central government and local government as well as among people, NGOs and private sectors. Experiences of the Ramsar Kushiro Conference tell us that two factors are important to make real local participation possible: 1) CEPA; and 2) sense of meaningfulness. If you don’t know the purpose of the Convention and the COP, you are hardly interested in its preparation. So somebody should prepare some handy promotional kits for people to understand the purpose of conservation. We compiled various materials, requested experts/scientists to deliver lectures for teachers, taxi drivers, restaurants owners and waiters, hotel receptionists and kids. If possible, it is desirable to have a series of articles on local and national newspapers. You did attend the Conference, but once it’s over you tend to forget everything? If you feel you did contribute to something meaningful, you would like to continue doing something for it. In case of Kushiro City, it established the Kushiro International Wetland Center in early 1995. KIWC functions as a network of various wetland centers in the Kushiro region. JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) and KIWC have organized many international training courses not only for wetland managers but also for other conservation-related personnel. JICA has signed an MoU with the Ramsar Secretariat, and KIWC will host the EAAFP (East Asia - Australasian Flyway Partnership) meeting early next year. These efforts have been carried out for twenty years and will continue for future generations.
Bending and Compressive Properties of Crystallized TCP/PLLA Composites
Kobayashi, Satoshi,Sakamoto, Kazuki The Korean Society for Composite Materials 2009 Advanced composite materials Vol.18 No.3
$\beta$-Tricalcium phosphate ($\beta$-TCP) particles reinforced bioresorbable plastics poly-L-lactide (PLLA) composites were prepared by injection molding. The nominal weight ratio of $\beta$-TCP was selected as 5, 10 and 15%. In order to clarify effects of the PLLA crystallinity on the mechanical properties, the specimens were heat treated isothermally. Results of differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the PLLA crystallinity increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. Bending and compressive tests were conducted on the specimen with different $\beta$-TCP contents and crystallinities. The results show that the bending and compressive moduli increased with increasing $\beta$-TCP contents and crystallinity. On the other hand, bending strength decreased with increasing $\beta$-TCP contents. Maximum bending strength was obtained at the heat treatment of $70^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, whereas compressive 0.2% proof strength increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. This difference is attributed to the difference in the microscopic damages.
Hironori Kobayashi,Manabu Fuchikami,Kenichi Oga,Tatsuhiro Miyagi,Sho Fujita,Satoshi Fujita,Satoshi Okada,Yasumasa Okamoto,Shigeru Morinobu 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.2
Objective: Environmental deprivation, a type of childhood maltreatment, has been reported to constrain the cognitive developmental processes such as associative learning and implicit learning, which may lead to functional and morphological changes in the ventral pallidum (VP) and pessimism, a well-known cognitive feature of major depression. We examined whether neonatal isolation (NI) could influence the incidence of learned helplessness (LH) in a rat model mimicking the pessimism, and the number of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-expressing VP cells and Penk-expressing VP cells. Methods: The number of escape failures from foot-shocks in the LH test was measured to examine stress-induced depression-like behavior in rats. The number of VGLUT2-expressing VP cells and Penk-expressing VP cells was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results: In NI rats compared with Sham rats, the incidence of LH in adulthood was increased and VGLUT2-expressing VP cells but not Penk-expressing VP cells in adulthood were decreased. VGLUT2-expressing VP cells were decreased only in the LH group of NI rats and significantly correlated with the escape latency in the LH test. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the aberrant VP neuronal activity due to environmental deprivation early in life leads to pessimistic associative and implicit learning. Modulating VP neuronal activity could be a novel therapeutic and preventive strategy for the patients with this specific pathophysiology.
Satoshi Sugino,Ken Inoue,Reo Kobayashi,Ryohei Hirose,Toshifumi Doi,Akihito Harusato,Osamu Dohi,Naohisa Yoshida,Kazuhiko Uchiyama,Takeshi Ishikawa,Tomohisa Takagi,Hiroaki Yasuda,Hideyuki Konishi,Yasuko 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.4
Background/Aims Several studies have assessed the effect of cool temperature on colonic peristalsis. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a temperature-sensitive ion channel activated by mild cooling expressed in the colon. We examined the antispasmodic effect of cool temperature on colonic peristalsis in a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial and based on the video imaging and intraluminal pressure of the proximal colon in rats and TRPM8-deficient mice. Methods In the clinical trial, we randomly assigned a total of 94 patients scheduled to undergo colonoscopy to 2 groups: the mildly cool water (n = 47) and control (n = 47) groups. We used 20 mL of 15°C water for the mildly cool water. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with improved peristalsis after treatment. In the rodent proximal colon, we evaluated the intraluminal pressure and performed video imaging of the rodent proximal colon with cool water administration into the colonic lumen. Clinical trial registry website (Trial No. UMIN-CTR; UMIN000030725). Results In the randomized controlled trial, after treatment, the proportion of subjects with no peristalsis with cool water was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (44.7% vs 23.4%; P < 0.05). In the rodent colon model, cool temperature water was associated with a significant decrease in colonic peristalsis through its suppression of the ratio of peak frequency (P < 0.05). Cool temperature-treated TRPM8-deficient mice did not show a reduction in colonic peristalsis compared with wild-type mice. Conclusion For the first time, this study demonstrates that cool temperature-dependent suppression of colonic peristalsis may be associated with TRPM8 activation.
Kobayashi, Yasuo,Koike, Satoshi,Taguchi, Hidenori,Itabashi, Hisao,Kam, Dong K.,Ha, Jong K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.6
Although gut microbial functions have been analyzed through cultivation of isolated microbes, molecular analysis without cultivation is becoming a popular approach in recent years. Gene cloning studies have partially revealed the mechanisms involved in fiber digestion of individual microbe. The molecular approach finally made it possible to analyze full genomes of the representative rumen cellulolytic bacteria Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus. The coming database may contain useful information such as regulation of gene expression relating to fiber digestion. Meanwhile, unculturable bacteria are still poorly characterized, even though they are main constituents of gut microbial ecosystem. The molecular analysis is essential to initiating the studies on these unculturable bacteria. The studies dealing with rumen and large intestine are revealing considerable complexity of the microbial ecosystems with many undescribed bacteria. These bacteria are being highlighted as possibly functional members contributing to feed digestion. Manipulation of gut bacteria and gut ecology for improving animal production is still at challenging stage. Bacteria newly introduced in the rumen, whether they are genetically modified or not, suffer from poor survival. In one of these attempts, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens expressing a foreign dehalogenase was successfully established in sheep rumen to prevent fluoroacetate poisoning. This expands choice of forages in tropics, since many tropic plants are known to contain the toxic fluoroacetate. This example may promise the possible application of molecular breeding of gut bacteria to the host animals with significance in their health and nutrition. When inoculation strategies for such foreign bacteria are considered, it is obvious that we should have more detailed information of the gut microbial ecology.
Characterization of crystalline linear (1→3)-α-<small>D</small>-glucan synthesized <i>in vitro</i>
Kobayashi, Kayoko,Hasegawa, Takuto,Kusumi, Ryosuke,Kimura, Satoshi,Yoshida, Makoto,Sugiyama, Junji,Wada, Masahisa Applied Science Publishers 2017 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.177 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the crystal structure and molecular arrangement of the linear (1→3)-α-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucan synthesized by glucosyltransferase GtfJ cloned from <I>Streptococcus salivarius</I> using sucrose as a substrate. The synthetic products had two morphologies: wavy fibril-like crystals as major and thin lamellae as minor products. Their structures were analyzed using electron microdiffraction, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and solid-state <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectroscopy. The fibrils and lamellae had the same allomorphic form but different molecular arrangements. The wet crystals were in a hydrated form, which converted into an anhydrous form with a significant decrease in crystallinity on drying. The hydrated and anhydrous forms had an extended-chain conformation with 2/1 helix, and the hydrated form was estimated to contain one water molecule per glucose residue. The long glucan chains were folded in the fibril crystals, while the short, extended chains were arranged perpendicular to the base plane of the lamellae.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> (1→3)-α-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-Glucan was synthesized by recombinant glucosyltransferase sing sucrose. </LI> <LI> The synthetic products had two morphologies: wavy fibril and thin lamella. </LI> <LI> Both products had the same crystal structures but different molecular arrangements. </LI> <LI> Molecular chains were folded in the fibril but extended in the lamellar crystals. </LI> <LI> The hydrated form was converted into an anhydrous form by drying. </LI> </UL> </P>