Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Goats Fed with Diets Containing Different Protein Sources

Santos, A.B.,Pereira, M.L.A.,Silva, H.G.O.,Pedreira, M.S.,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Ribeiro, L.S.O.,Almeida, P.J.P.,Pereira, T.C.J.,Moreira, J.V. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.5

This study aimed to evaluate urea excretion, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in lactating goats fed with diets containing different protein sources in the concentrate (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, aerial part of cassava hay and leucaena hay). Four Alpine goats whose mean body weight was $42.6{\pm}6.1kg$ at the beginning of the experiment, a mean lactation period of $94.0{\pm}9.0days$ and a production of $1.7{\pm}0.4kg$ of milk were distributed in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square with four periods of 15 days. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 103.0 g/kg of CP, 400 g/kg of Tifton 85 hay and 600 g/kg of concentrate. Diet containing cottonseed meal provided (p<0.05) increased excretion of urea and urea nitrogen in the urine (g/d and mg/kg of BW) when compared with leucaena hay. The diets affected the concentrations of urea nitrogen in plasma (p<0.05) and excretion of urea nitrogen in milk, being that soybean meal and cottonseed meal showed (p<0.05) higher than the average aerial part of the cassava hay. The use of diets with cottonseed meal as protein source in the concentrate in feeding of lactating goats provides greater nitrogen excretion in urine and negative nitrogen balance, while the concentrate with leucaena hay as a source of protein, provides greater ruminal microbial protein synthesis.

Fractal dimension, lacunarity, and cortical thickness in the mandible: Analyzing differences between healthy men and women with cone-beam computed tomography

Santos Ingrid Garcia,Ramos de Faria Fernanda,da Silva Campos Marcio José,de Barros Beatriz Álvares Cabral,Rabelo Gustavo Davi,Devito Karina Lopes 대한영상치의학회 2023 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular microarchitecture parameters, and cortical linear measurements in the mandibles of male and female individuals to identify differences between them. Materials and Methods: In total, 116 cone-beam computed tomography scans of healthy individuals of different ages (57 men and 59 women, aged between 20 and 60 years) were selected. The following bone parameters were measured: 1) buccal, lingual, and basal cortical bone thickness in 5 standard parasagittal sections (the midline, the left and right sides of the lower lateral incisors, and the left and right sides of the lower canines); 2) the bone volume fraction of 10 sequential axial sections from each patient by creating a volume of interest in the area between the lower canines; and 3) fractal dimension and lacunarity using grayscale images of the same region of the volume of interest in the anterior mandible. Spearman correlation coefficients and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: A significant and positive correlation was found between age and cortical thickness, especially in the region of the central incisors. Significant differences between sexes in terms of fractal dimension, lacunarity, and bone volume were found. Women revealed lower fractal dimension values and higher lacunarity and bone volume ratio values than men. Conclusion: Fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular bone volume, and cortical thickness were different between men and women of different ages.

Oral methylmercury intoxication aggravates cardiovascular risk factors and accelerates atherosclerosis lesion development in ApoE knockout and C57BL/6 mice

Silva Janayne L.,Leocádio Paola C. L.,Reis Jonas M.,Campos Gianne P.,Capettini Luciano S. A.,Foureaux Giselle,Ferreira Anderson J.,Windmöller Cláudia C.,Santos Flávia A.,Oriá Reinaldo B.,Crespo-López 한국독성학회 2021 Toxicological Research Vol.37 No.3

Methylmercury (MeHg) intoxication is associated with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis by mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of MeHg intoxication in atherosclerosis-prone (ApoE-KO) and resistant C57BL/6 mice. Mice were submitted to carotid stenosis surgery (to induce atherosclerosis faster) and received water or MeHg solution (20 mg/L) for 15 days. Tail plethysmography was performed before and after MeHg exposure. Food and MeHg solution intakes were monitored weekly. On the 15th day, mice were submitted to intravital fluorescence microscopy of mesenteric vasculature to observe in vivo leukocyte rolling and adhesion. Results showed that despite the high hair and liver Hg concentrations in the MeHg group, food and water (or MeHg solution) consumption and liver function marker levels were similar to those in controls. MeHg exposure increased total cholesterol, the atherogenic (non-HDL) fraction and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. MeHg exposure also induced inflammation, as seen by the increased rolling and adhered leukocytes in the mesenteric vasculature. Atherosclerosis lesions were more extensive in the aorta and carotid sites of MeHg-ApoE knockout mice. Surprisingly, MeHg exposure also induced atherosclerosis lesions in C57BL/6 mice, which are resistant to atherosclerosis formation. We concluded that MeHg intoxication might represent a risk for cardiovascular diseases since it accelerates atherogenesis by exacerbating several independent risk factors.

From high pressure radial collapse to graphene ribbon formation in triple-wall carbon nanotubes

Silva-Santos, S.D.,Alencar, R.S.,Aguiar, A.L.,Kim, Y.A.,Muramatsu, H.,Endo, M.,Blanchard, N.P.,San-Miguel, A.,Souza Filho, A.G. Elsevier 2019 Carbon Vol.141 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The radial stability and the irreversible transformation of triple-wall carbon nanotubes (TWCNTs) bundles are investigated at high pressure conditions both experimentally and theoretically (exp. up 72 GPa). The tubes having a mean internal diameter of 0.83 nm and graphite-like intertube distance, show an onset of the radial collapse evidenced by the evolution of optical phonons. The nanotube collapse onset is observed at ∼ 22 GPa completes for the two external tubes at ∼ 29 GPa, however the innermost tube remains stable up to ∼ 37 GPa. Molecular dynamic calculations performed on smaller diameter TWCNTs bundles, as a model system, confirmed the multiple-stage pressure-induced collapse process. An analytical expression for the collapse pressure of carbon nanotubes having an arbitrary number of walls is proposed. Our experiments and modelling show that for pressures beyond ∼ 60 GPa an irreversible structural transformation of TWCNTs takes place. <I>Ex situ</I> transmission electron microscopy characterization on the recovered sample from 72 GPa revealed the mechanical failure of carbon nanotubes which evolve towards ribbon-like structures as corroborated by Raman spectroscopy. Modelling the tubes evolution at high pressure and high temperature showed the formation of new structures ranging from ribbon-like to graphite-like with either different degrees of amorphization or s <SUP> p 3 </SUP> interlinking.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Health-Related Quality of Life, Depression and Anxiety in Hospitalized Patients with Tuberculosis

Santos, Ana Paula Cere dos,Lazzari, Tassia Kirchmann,Silva, Denise Rossato The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.1

Background: Much of the attention of tuberculosis (TB) programs is focused on outcomes of microbiological cure and mortality, and health related quality of life (HRQL) is undervalued. Also, TB patients have a significantly higher risk of developing depression and anxiety compared with those in the general population. We intend to evaluate the HRQL and the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in hospitalized patients with TB. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil. Adult patients with pulmonary TB that were hospitalized during the study period were identified and invited to participate. HRQL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to record symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Eighty-six patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of all patients was $44.6{\pm}15.4$ years, 69.8% were male, and 53.5% were white. Thirty-two patients (37.2%) were human immunodeficiency virus positive. Twenty-seven patients (31.4%) met study criteria for depression (HADS depression score ${\geq}11$) and 33 (38.4%) had anxiety (HADS anxiety score ${\geq}11$). Scores on all domains of SF-36 were significantly lower than the Brazilian norm scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows that TB patients may have a poor HRQL. Additionally, we found a possible high prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population. Health care workers should be aware of these psychological disorders to enable a better management of these patients. The treatment of these comorbidities may be associated with better TB outcomes.

Fourier-Based PLL Applied for Selective Harmonic Estimation in Electric Power Systems

Santos, Claudio H.G.,Ferreira, Reginaldo V.,Silva, Sidelmo Magalhaes,Cardoso Filho, Braz J. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.5

In this paper, the Fourier-based PLL (Phase-locked Loop) is introduced with a new structure, capable of selective harmonic detection in single and three-phase systems. The application of the FB-PLL to harmonic detection is discussed and a new model applicable to three-phase systems is introduced. An analysis of the convergence of the FB-PLL based on a linear model is presented. Simulation and experimental results are included for performance analysis and to support the theoretical development. The decomposition of an input signal in its harmonic components using the Fourier theory is based on previous knowledge of the signal fundamental frequency, which cannot be easily implemented with input signals with varying frequencies or subjected to phase-angle jumps. In this scenario, the main contribution of this paper is the association of a phase-locked loop system, with a harmonic decomposition and reconstruction method, based on the well-established Fourier theory, to allow for the tracking of the fundamental component and desired harmonics from distorted input signals with a varying frequency, amplitude and phase-angle. The application of the proposed technique in three-phase systems is supported by results obtained under unbalanced and voltage sag conditions.

Influence of voxel size on cone-beam computed tomography-based detection of vertical root fractures in the presence of intracanal metallic posts

Yamamoto-Silva, Fernanda Paula,de Oliveira Siqueira, Claudeir Felipe,Silva, Maria Alves Garcia Santos,Fonseca, Rodrigo Borges,Santos, Ananda Amaral,Estrela, Carlos,de Freitas Silva, Brunno Santos Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2018 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.48 No.3

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of voxel size and the accuracy of 2 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems in the detection of vertical root fracture (VRF) in the presence of intracanal metallic posts. Materials and Methods: Thirty uniradicular extracted human teeth were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups(VRF group, n=15; and control group, n=15). The VRFs were induced by an Instron machine, and metallic posts were placed in both groups. The scans were acquired by CBCT with 4 different voxel sizes: 0.1 mm and 0.16 mm (for the Eagle 3D V-Beam system) and 0.125 mm and 0.2 mm (for the i-CAT system) (protocols 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Interobserver and intraobserver agreement was assessed using the Cohen kappa test. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed. Results: The intraobserver coefficients indicated good (0.71) to very good (0.83) agreement, and the interobserver coefficients indicated moderate (0.57) to very good (0.80) agreement. In respect to the relationship between sensitivity and specificity, a statistically significant difference was found between protocols 1 (positive predictive value: 0.710, negative predictive value: 0.724) and 3 (positive predictive value: 0.727, negative predictive value: 0.632) (P<.05). The least interference due to artifact formation was observed using protocol 2. Conclusion: Protocols with a smaller voxel size and field of view seemed to favor the detection of VRF in teeth with intracanal metallic posts.

Cone-beam computed tomography findings of impacted upper canines

Da Silva Santos, Ludmilla Mota,Bastos, Luana Costa,Oliveira-Santos, Christiano,Da Silva, Silvio Jose Albergaria,Neves, Frederico Sampaio,Campos, Paulo Sergio Flores Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.4

Purpose: To describe the features of impacted upper canines and their relationship with adjacent structures through three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Using the CBCT scans of 79 upper impacted canines, we evaluated the following parameters: gender, unilateral/bilateral occurrence, location, presence and degree of root resorption of adjacent teeth (mild, moderate, or severe), root dilaceration, dental follicle width, and presence of other associated local conditions. Results: Most of the impacted canines were observed in females (56 cases), unilaterally (51 cases), and at a palatine location (53 cases). Root resorption in adjacent teeth and root dilaceration were observed in 55 and 47 impacted canines, respectively. In most of the cases, the width of the dental follicle of the canine was normal; it was abnormally wide in 20 cases. A statistically significant association was observed for all variables, except for root dilaceration (p=0.115) and the side of impaction (p=0.260). Conclusion: Root resorption of adjacent teeth was present in most cases of canine impaction, mostly affecting adjacent lateral incisors to a mild degree. A wide dental follicle of impacted canines was not associated with a higher incidence of external root resorption of adjacent teeth.

Evaluation of salt and root-zone temperature stresses in leafy vegetables using hydroponics as a clean production cultivation technique in northeastern Brazil

da Silva Mairton Gomes,Gheyi Hans Raj,da Silva Lucas Lesqueves,de Souza Thaisa Teixeira,Silva Petterson Costa Conceição,Queiroz Laila de Andrade,dos Santos Thainan Sipriano,Soares Tales Miler 한국원예학회 2024 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.65 No.1

Hydroponics has represented an emerging solution for regions with freshwater scarcity. Besides requiring a lower volume of water for production, this cultivation technique allows the use of brackish waters with high salinity levels. Under normal cultivation conditions (i.e., without any environmental control), plants are exposed to other abiotic stresses, such as tem perature, which can further enhance the salinity eff ect. Given the above, three experiments were conducted using a nutrient f i lm technique (NFT) hydroponic system: from April to May (autumn) with endive ( Cichorium endivia L., cv. Gigante Barbarella), from May to July (autumn/winter) with lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L., cv. Rubinela and cv. Veneranda), and from August to October (winter/spring) with chicory ( Cichorium intybus L., cv. Pão de Açúcar and cv. Radiche Todo Ano), in 2021. The trials aimed to evaluate the isolated and/or combined eff ect of salt and root-zone temperature stresses on yield, water use effi ciency, and visual quality of these vegetables. In all experiments, plants were subjected to stresses for 25 days in a randomized block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: two levels of electrical conductivity of water –ECw (0.30 and 5.50 dS m –1 for endive and chicory; 0.25 and 6.50 dS m −1 for lettuce) combined with four root-zone temperatures – RZTs (ambient-ARZT, ARZT + 2 °C, ARZT + 4 °C, and ARZT + 6 °C, corresponding to the mean temperatures of 24.72, 26.90, 28.77, and 30.73 °C for endive; 24.20, 26.00, 28.00, and 29.99 °C for lettuce; 27.12, 28.93, 31.01, and 32.86 °C for chicory). The isolated eff ects of RZT stresses or ECw levels on endive traits were observed, with leaf fresh matter losses of approxi mately 17 and 44% at higher ARZT + 6 °C (mean of 30.73 °C) and salinity (ECw 5.50 dS m –1 ), respectively. Shoot fresh matter losses of around 32 and 52% (Veneranda and Rubinela lettuces, respectively) and 65% (Radiche Todo Ano chicory) occurred only due to salt stress. The interaction aff ected the shoot fresh matter of Pão de Açúcar chicory, with approximate losses of 80% at higher ARZT + 6 °C (mean of 32.86 °C) and salt stress (ECw 5.50 dS m –1 ) than ARZT and ARZT + 2 °C and without salt stress (ECw 0.30 dS m –1 ). Despite these reductions, visual quality of plants was not depreciated. Therefore, the present study suggested cultivating leafy vegetables such as lettuce, chicory, and endive using brackish waters, even under high temperatures of nutrient solutions.

Measurements of Microhardness During Transient Horizontal Directional Solidification of Al-Rich Al-Cu Alloys: Effect of Thermal Parameters, Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing and Al2Cu Intermetallic Phase

André Santos Barros,Igor Alexsander Magno,Fabrício Andrade Souza,Carlos Alberto Mota,Antonio Luciano Moreira,Maria Adrina Silva,Otávio Lima Rocha 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.3

In this work, the effect of the growth rate (VL) and cooling rate (TR), primary dendritic arm spacing (1) and Al2Cu intermetallic phase on the microhardness was investigated during transient horizontal directional solidification of Al-3wt%Cu and Al-8wt%Cu alloys. Microstructural characterization of the investigated alloys was performed using traditional techniques of metallography, optical and SEM microscopy and X-Ray diffraction. The microhardness evolution as a function of the thermal and microstructural parameters (VL, TR, and 1) was evaluated using power and Hall-Petch type experimental laws, which were compared with other laws in the literature. In order to examine the effect of the Al2Cu intermetallic phase, microhardness measurements were performed in interdendritic regions. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed between the experimental data of this work and theoretical models from the literature that have been proposed to predict primary dendrite arm spacing, which have been tested in numerous works considering upward directional solidification.