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Sankar Ganesh, R.,Sharma, S.K.,Sankar, S.,Divyapriya, B.,Durgadevi, E.,Raji, P.,Ponnusamy, S.,Muthamizhchelvan, C.,Hayakawa, Y.,Kim, D.Y. ELSEVIER 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.3
<P>Nanocrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) powder was synthesized by sol-gel method and subsequent annealed at 100-500 degrees C. The microstructural analysis of BFO nanopowder confirmed the perovskite like structure of spherical nanoparticles annealed at 500 degrees C. The Raman spectrum of BFO nanoparticles showed the rhombohedrally structure with the space group of R3c. The XPS spectrum of BFO nanopowder showed the peaks of Bi, Fe, and O at the binding energy of 158.8, 711.75 and 529.2 eV, respectively. The piezoelectric properties of BFO nanoparticles were evaluated by making the sandwiched structure of graphene/BiFeO3-PDMS/graphene. The fabricated piezoelectric device demonstrated an output voltage of 0.4 V by applying the normal pressure from human finger on the device. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Photocatalytic properties of Mn-doped NiO spherical nanoparticles synthesized from sol-gel method
Sankar, S.,Sharma, Sanjeev K.,An, Namhyun,Lee, Hwauk,Kim, Deuk Young,Im, Young Bin,Cho, Yung Duk,Ganesh, R. Sankar,Ponnusamy, S.,Raji, P.,Purohit, L.P. Elsevier 2016 OPTIK -STUTTGART- Vol.127 No.22
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mn-doped NiO (NiO:Mn) nanopowders were synthesized from an inexpensive sol-gel method. The XRD peak profile analysis of NiO:Mn nanopowders confirmed the cubic structure. The spherical nanoparticles of NiO:Mn were evaluated from the SEM and TEM analysis and the grain size decreased as the Mn concentration increased. The average crystallite size decreased from 35.44nm to 30.5nm and the bandgap increased from 3.79eV to 3.95eV as the Mn concentration increased from 0wt.% to 4wt.%. The photocatalytic properties of NiO:Mn nanopowders were measured for the lowest and highest Mn dopant concentrations (Mn: 0 & 4wt.%) by using the methylene blue dye under UV illumination. The NiO:Mn (Mn: 4wt.%) nanoparticles showed the highest photocatalytic activity due to the highest activation sites. Therefore, it is revealed that the Mn: 4wt.% nanoparticles are observed to be more suitable for the photocatalytic activity of methylene blue dye degradation.</P>
R. Sankar Ganesh,Sanjeev K. Sharma,S. Sankar,B. Divyapriya,E. Durgadevi,P. Raji,S. Ponnusamy,C. Muthamizhchelvan,Y. Hayakawa,김득영 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.3
Nanocrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) powder was synthesized by sol-gel method and subsequent annealed at 100e500 C. The microstructural analysis of BFO nanopowder confirmed the perovskite like structure of spherical nanoparticles annealed at 500 C. The Raman spectrum of BFO nanoparticles showed the rhombohedrally structure with the space group of R3c. The XPS spectrum of BFO nanopowder showed the peaks of Bi, Fe, and O at the binding energy of 158.8, 711.75 and 529.2 eV, respectively. The piezoelectric properties of BFO nanoparticles were evaluated by making the sandwiched structure of graphene/ BiFeO3-PDMS/graphene. The fabricated piezoelectric device demonstrated an output voltage of 0.4 V by applying the normal pressure from human finger on the device.
Sib Sankar Giri,V. Sukumaran,Shib Sankar Sen,M. Oviya,B. Nazeema Banu,Prasant Kumar Jena 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.3
An extracellular detergent tolerant protease producing strain VSG-4 was isolated from tropical soil sample and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological, biochemical characteristics as well as 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. The VSG-4 protease was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulphate precipitation,dialysis and sephadex G-200 gel permeation chromatography with a 17.4 purification fold. The purified enzyme was active and stable over a broad range of pH (8.0-11.0, optimum at 9.0) and temperature (40°C to 60°C, optimum at 50°C). The thermostability of the enzyme was significantly increased by the addition CaCl_2. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by PMSF and DFP, suggesting that it belongs to the serine protease superfamily. The purified VSG-4 alkaline protease showed remarkable stability in anionic (5 mM SDS) and ionic (1% Trion X-100 and 1% Tween 80) detergents. It retained 97±2% and 83.6±1.1% of its initial activity after 1 h preincubation in the presence of 1% H_2O_2 and 1% sodium perborate, respectively. Furthermore, the purified enzyme showed excellent stability and compatibility with some commercial laundry detergents besides its stain removal capacity. Considering these promising properties, VSG-4 protease may find tremendous application in laundry detergent formulations.
Two-fluid non-Newtonian models for blood flow in catheterized arteries - A comparative study
D. S. Sankar,Usik Lee 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.9
Steady flow of blood through catheterized arteries is studied by assuming the blood as a two-fluid model with the suspension of all the erythrocytes in the core region as a non-Newtonian fluid and the plasma in the peripheral layer as a Newtonian fluid. The non-Newtonian fluid in the core region of the artery is modeled as (i) Casson fluid and (ii) Herschel-Bulkley fluid. The expressions for the shear stress, velocity, flow rate, wall shear stress and flow resistance, obtained by Sankar and Lee (2008a, 2008b) for the two-fluid Casson model and two-fluid Herschel-Bulkley model are used to get the data for comparison. It is noticed that the plug flow velocity, velocity distribution and flow rate for the two-fluid H-B model are considerably higher than that of the two-fluid Casson model for a given set of values of the parameters. Further, it is found that the resistance to flow is significantly lower for the two-fluid H-B model than that of the two-fluid Casson model. Thus, the two-fluid H-B model is more useful than the two-fluid Casson model to analyze the blood flow through catheterized arteries.
Giri, Sib Sankar,Sen, Shib Sankar,Chi, Cheng,Kim, Hyoun Joong,Yun, Saekil,Park, Se Chang,Sukumaran, V. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Journal of immunology research Vol.2015 No.-
<P>The present study aimed to investigate the effects of<I> Chlorophytum borivilianum</I> polysaccharide (CBP), as a dietary supplement administered at varying concentrations with feed (basal diet), on various cytokine-related responses in<I> Labeo rohita</I> fingerlings. Immune parameters and immune-related gene expressions were measured at 3rd, 4th, and 5th week after feeding. The results revealed that dietary administration of CBP at 0.2% and 0.4% for 4 weeks significantly upregulated serum lysozyme and phagocytic activity. Complement C3 and respiratory burst activity (RBA) were significantly higher after 4 weeks of CBP feeding. The immune related genes<I> IL-8</I>,<I> IL-1β</I>,<I> TNF-α</I>, and<I> iNOS</I> were downregulated (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in groups with 0.2% and 0.4% CBP supplemented diets at week 4. Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (<I>IL-10</I> and<I> TGF-β</I>) was also downregulated (<I>P</I> < 0.5) after 4 weeks of feeding with 0.2% to 0.8% CBP. However, five weeks of CBP administration had no significant effect on immune gene expression, except<I> TNF-α</I> and<I> IL-8</I>. Fish fed with 0.4% CBP for 4 weeks showed maximum resistance against<I> Aeromonas hydrophila</I> (73.3% survival) compared to control. From these results, we recommend that CBP administration at 0.4% for 4 weeks could effectively improve immune response and disease resistance in<I> L. rohita</I>.</P>
Sankar Roy Maulik,Lina Chakraborty,Pintu Pandit 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.3
Aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus L. bark is used for simultaneous dyeing and finishing of cotton, silk, wool,and eri silk fabrics in the absence of inorganic salts or mordants for producing value-added environment-friendly products. All the fabrics have an affinity towards the colorants obtained from this bark. The phytochemical studies reveal the presenceof bioactive compounds, i.e. saponin, phenols, tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides in the bark. The protein fabricsdyed with this extract exhibit improved color fastness to washing and light as compared to cotton. A positive value of both a*and b*indicates the color of all the fabrics dyed with this bark is reddish-yellow. K/S values of all the dyed fabrics areimproved with the increase in dye bath concentration from 100 g/l to 200 g/l for all the fabrics dyed with these colorants. Thecalculated average particle size and zeta potential value of the aqueous extract is ~535 nm and -22.4 mV, respectively. All thedyed fabrics show an excellent result in terms of resistance against S. aureus and E. coli at 200 g/l dye concentration. Eucalyptus bark at 200 g/l dye bath concentration results in maximum UPF value for cotton, eri silk, and wool fabrics.
Sankar Chakma,Vijayanand S. Moholkar 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-
In this study, ultrasound-assisted synthesis of bi-metallic oxides nanotubes (ZnO–TiO2 NTs) using sol–gel method followed by hydrothermal method is reported. Essentially, an attempt was made toinvestigate the simultaneous adsorption and sonocatalysis process for fast removal of dye using ZnO–TiO2 NTs. The results of characterization revealed that ZnO–TiO2 NTs were hollow nanotubular structurein shape with tube diameter of 10 nm and open ended. It has large specific surface area of 336.9 m2/g ascompared to ZnO (30.5 m2/g) and TiO2 (12.3 m2/g). The band-gap energy of NTs is 2.95 eV which is muchlower than the pure ZnO (3.18 eV) and TiO2 nanoparticles (3.15 eV). Activity of ZnO–TiO2 NTs wasassessed using decolorization process as model reaction system involving adsorption and sonocatalysisprocesses. The results were also compared with their counterparts, viz. ZnO and TiO2. Experimentalresults revealed that large specific surface area and surface charges on ZnO–TiO2 NTs promote theadsorption efficiency, while the high pore volume helps dye molecules to diffuse rapidly during thesonocatalysis process. Approximately, 97% of decolorization was achieved within 10 min of treatmentwith sonocatalysis process. These experimental results presented in this paper could form a useful toolfor further research in degradation of other bio-recalcitrant pollutants using ZnO–TiO2 NTs.
Rapid sonochemical synthesis of spherical silica nanoparticles derived from brown rice husk
Sankar, S.,Kaur, Narinder,Lee, Sejoon,Kim, Deuk Young Elsevier 2018 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.44 No.7
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The nanoparticles of silica (SiO<SUB>2</SUB>) were synthesized from brown rice husk <I>via</I> the sonochemical process, during which the sonication time was varied from 0 to 50 min so as to modulate the material properties of the nanoparticles. The synthesized SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles were confirmed to have amorphous natures in their structural characteristics. The mean particle sizes of the nanoparticles were increased from 5 to 40 nm with increasing sonication time from 0 to 50 min, respectively. The SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles synthesized with the sonication time of 50 min showed to possess the highest porosity among our samples. Accordingly, the sample exhibited a higher effective surface area of 271.22 m<SUP>2</SUP>g<SUP>−1</SUP>. In addition, the bandgap of the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles was decreased from 5.77 to 5.68 eV with increasing sonication time (<I>i.e.</I>, 0 → 50 min). The results suggest that the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles synthesized with an appropriate control of the sonication time (<I>e.g.</I>, 50 min) hold promise for future nano-ecosystem applications such as nano-biosensors and energy storage nano-devices.</P>