The effect of Valsalva maneuver in attenuating skin puncture pain during spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial

Sanjay Kumar,Sujeet Kumar Singh Gautam,Devendra Gupta,Anil Agarwal,Sanjay Dhirraj,Sandeep Khuba 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.1

Background: Valsalva maneuver reduces pain by activating sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc. We planned this study to evaluate the role of valsalva in attenuating spinal needle-puncture pain. Methods: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II enrolled patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized into 3 groups of 30 each. Group I (Control): didn’t blow; group II (Distraction): patients blew into rubber tube; Group III (Valsalva): blew into sphygmomanometer tube and raise mercury column up to 30 mmHg for at least 20 seconds. During above procedures, spinal puncture was performed with 25-gauge spinal needle. Results: Eighty-two patient data were analyzed. Incidence of spinal puncture pain was reduced to 10% (3 of 27) in Valsalva group as compared to 100% (28 of 28 in control group and 27 of 27 in Distraction group) observed in other two groups (P < 0.05). Severity of lumbar puncture pain as assessed by visual analog scale (0−10; where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst imaginable pain) presented as Median (Interquartile range) were significantly reduced in the Valsalva group (0.0 [0.0] as compared to other 2 groups 2.0 [0.0] in the Distraction group and 3.0 [0.8] in Control group) (P < 0.05). Regarding time taken by CSF to fill spinal needle hub, there was no difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). None patient of all groups had post dural puncture headache (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Valsalva can be performed routinely in ASA I and II patients undergoing spinal anesthesia as it is safe, painless and non-pharmacological method of pain attenuation.

Natural convection in Bingham plastic fluids from an isothermal spheroid: Effects of fluid yield stress, viscous dissipation and temperature-dependent viscosity

Anoop Kumar Gupta,Sanjay Gupta,Rajendra Prasad Chhabra 한국유변학회 2017 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.29 No.3

In this work, the buoyancy-induced convection from an isothermal spheroid is studied in a Bingham plastic fluid. Extensive results on the morphology of approximate yield surfaces, temperature profiles, and the local and average Nusselt numbers are reported to elucidate the effects of the pertinent dimensionless parameters: Rayleigh number, 102 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 6; Prandtl number, 20 ≤ Pr ≤ 100; Bingham number, 0 ≤ Bn ≤ 10 3, and aspect ratio, 0.2 ≤ e ≤ 5. Due to the fluid yield stress, fluid-like (yielded) and solid-like (unyielded) regions coexist in the flow domain depending upon the prevailing stress levels vis-a-vis the value of the fluid yield stress. The yielded parts progressively grow in size with the rising Rayleigh number while this tendency is countered by the increasing Bingham and Prandtl numbers. Due to these two competing effects, a limiting value of the Bingham number (Bnmax) is observed beyond which heat transfer occurs solely by conduction due to the solid-like behaviour of the fluid everywhere in the domain. Such limiting values bear a positive dependence on the Rayleigh number (Ra) and aspect ratio (e). In addition to this, oblate shapes (e < 1) foster heat transfer with respect to spheres (e = 1) while prolate shapes (e > 1) impede it. Finally, simple predictive expressions for the maximum Bingham number and the average Nusselt number are developed which can be used to predict a priori the overall heat transfer coefficient in a new application. Also, a criterion is developed in terms of the composite parameter which predicts the onset of convection in such fluids. Similarly, another criterion is developed which delineates the conditions for the onset of settling due to buoyancy effects. The paper is concluded by presenting limited results to delineate the effects of viscous dissipation and the temperature-dependent viscosity on the Nusselt number. Both these effects are seen to be rather small in Bingham plastic fluids.

Thermokinetics behavior of epoxy adhesive reinforced with low viscous aliphatic reactive diluent and nano-fillers

Amit Kumar Singh,Bishnu Prasad Panda,Smita Mohanty,Sanjay Kumar Nayak,Manoj Kumar Gupta 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.11

The current study reports the effect of low viscous aliphatic reactive diluent (RD), MWCNT and VGCF on the curing kinetics of amine cured epoxy adhesive system employing non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) technique. Non-isothermal DSC thermograms of epoxy adhesive were studied at various heating rates: 5, 10 and 15 oC/min. The decrease in the exothermic peak height with the introduction of MWCNTs and VGCFs was taken as proof of the acceleration effect of nano-fillers on the epoxy-amine curing reaction. Also, increased Tonset, TP and ΔHcurs values were observed for epoxy/RD adhesive system at all heating rates. The value of activation energy (Ea) was determined using Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. Experimental results showed that the addition of 10 wt% RD increased the Ea from 60 to 63 kJ/mol on account of the reduced viscosity, allowing better contact of resin with the curing agent. Furthermore, MWCNTs have an accelerating effect on the cure kinetics that does not change the autocatalytic cure reaction mechanism of epoxy resin. It was also found that the addition of MWCNT and VGCF decreases the overall degree of conversion, as evident with lower ΔHcure and Ea of the cured adhesive when compared with epoxy/RD system. The dependency of Ea on degree of conversion ranging from α =0.1 to 0.9was also investigated. The two normalized functions y(α) and z(α) were also considered in order to study the complex curing mechanism. The kinetic parameters m, n and lnA were obtained by using two parameter autocatalytic Sestak-Berggren model. The curves revealed good agreement between experimentally determined and theoretically obtained MWCNT/VGCF reinforced epoxy adhesive systems.

Comparison of a Fistulectomy and a Fistulotomy with Marsupialization in the Management of a Simple Anal Fistula: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial

Bhupendra Kumar Jain,Kumar Vaibhaw,Pankaj Kumar Garg,Sanjay Gupta,Debajyoti Mohanty 대한대장항문학회 2012 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.28 No.2

Purpose: This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare a fistulectomy and a fistulotomy with marsupialization in the management of a simple anal fistula. Methods: Forty patients with simple anal fistula were randomized into two groups. Fistulous tracts were managed by using a fistulectomy (group A) while a fistulotomy with marsupialization was performed in group B. The primary outcome measure was wound healing time while secondary outcome measures were operating time, postoperative wound size, postoperative pain, wound infection, anal incontinence, recurrence and patient satisfaction. Results: Postoperative wounds in group B healed earlier in comparison to group A wounds (4.85 ± 1.39 weeks vs. 6.75 ±1.83 weeks, P = 0.035). No significant differences existed between the operating times (28.00 ± 6.35 minutes vs. 28.20 ± 6.57minutes, P = 0.925) and visual analogue scale scores for postoperative pain on the first postoperative day (4.05 ± 1.47 vs. 4.50 ± 1.32, P = 0.221) for the two groups. Postoperative wounds were larger in group A than in group B (2.07 ± 0.1.90 cm2vs.1.23 ± 0.87 cm2), however this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.192). Wound discharge was observed for a significantly longer duration in group A than in group B (4.10 ± 1.91 weeks vs. 2.75 ± 1.71 weeks, P = 0.035). There were no differences in social and sexual activities after surgery between the patients of the two groups. No patient developed anal incontinence or recurrence during the follow-up period of twelve weeks. Conclusion: In comparison to a fistulectomy, a fistulotomy with marsupialization results in faster healing and a shorter duration of wound discharge without increasing the operating time. Purpose: This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare a fistulectomy and a fistulotomy with marsupialization in the management of a simple anal fistula. Methods: Forty patients with simple anal fistula were randomized into two groups. Fistulous tracts were managed by using a fistulectomy (group A) while a fistulotomy with marsupialization was performed in group B. The primary outcome measure was wound healing time while secondary outcome measures were operating time, postoperative wound size, postoperative pain, wound infection, anal incontinence, recurrence and patient satisfaction. Results: Postoperative wounds in group B healed earlier in comparison to group A wounds (4.85 ± 1.39 weeks vs. 6.75 ±1.83 weeks, P = 0.035). No significant differences existed between the operating times (28.00 ± 6.35 minutes vs. 28.20 ± 6.57minutes, P = 0.925) and visual analogue scale scores for postoperative pain on the first postoperative day (4.05 ± 1.47 vs. 4.50 ± 1.32, P = 0.221) for the two groups. Postoperative wounds were larger in group A than in group B (2.07 ± 0.1.90 cm2vs.1.23 ± 0.87 cm2), however this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.192). Wound discharge was observed for a significantly longer duration in group A than in group B (4.10 ± 1.91 weeks vs. 2.75 ± 1.71 weeks, P = 0.035). There were no differences in social and sexual activities after surgery between the patients of the two groups. No patient developed anal incontinence or recurrence during the follow-up period of twelve weeks. Conclusion: In comparison to a fistulectomy, a fistulotomy with marsupialization results in faster healing and a shorter duration of wound discharge without increasing the operating time.

Chinese and Korean Scholars’ Narratives on Buddhism in ancient China and Korea

Santosh K. Gupta(Santosh K. Gupta ),Sanjay Kumar(Sanjay Kumar ) 강원한국학연구원 2022 국제한국학저널 Vol.12·13 No.-

한국의 고대 학자·승려에 의한 불교 사상의 전파는 한·중 관계 형성의 중요한 요소가 되었고, 학술 및 문화의 전달뿐만 아니라 인적교류의 접촉을 발전시키는 중요한 기점이 되었다. 따라서 인도와 동아시아 간의 교류에 있어서 중국, 한국과 인도 승려 학자들의 역할이 있었다. 본고는 불교사상의 도리와 그의 확장 및 진전 속의 서사를 해명하며 실크로드 불교의 중요성과 동화 과정에서 중국과 한국 학문을 살펴본다. 특히, 불교 사상적 교류의 차원에서 중국과 한국 학자들의 제시된 서사적 관점을 고찰하려고 한다. Chinese and Korean scholar monks played significant role in reshaping Buddhist linkages between East Asian countries, particularly China and Korea. Transmission of Buddhist thought and culture developed scholarly people to people contact between China, Korea and neighboring states or confederacy which were more complex than today. This paper studies the narratives of Buddhist teachings, its expansion in Silk-road and narratives of Chinese and Korean Buddhist as an intermediary for assimilation of philosophical thoughts. The paper also focuses on the role of monks and scholars in forging cultural discourse of India with East Asia.

Phylogeography and population expansion of Western Himalayan highly-erratically migratory painted lady butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Vanessa cardui)

Singh Vinaya Kumar,Kumar Sanjay,Awasthi Sadhna,Gupta Sandeep Kumar 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

Understanding population genetics, genetic diversity and the migration pattern of ecologically important species is crucial for effective conservation plans. We studied mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I (COI) gene variation in painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) from different altitudinal gradients of Uttarakhand (Western Himalayas), India. We sequenced COI) gene of 91 samples and 22 COI sequences retrieved from GenBank as representatives of different localities for comparative analysis. We observed a total of 16 haplotypes, of which seven haplotypes were observed in Uttarakhand with intra-species sequence divergence ranges from 0.001 to 0.009. Haplotype (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were comparatively low and averaging 0.635 and 0.002, respectively. The neutrality test, mismatch distribution graph and observed pattern of diversity indices (Hd and π) revealed population expansion. It was further confirmed by the Median Joining Network, which exhibited a star-like topology from the core haplotype, while the Bayesian phylogenetic tree displayed a mixing of haplo types from different localities to an identical clade. Haplotype organization in the Bayesian tree and Median Joining Network was not clustered as per their topographical affinity, indicating incomplete lineage sorting and late species population development or colonization in the novel area.

Biochemical, Haematological and Thyroid Hormone Profile in Healthy Indian Kathiawari Horses

Gupta, A.K.,Kumar, Sanjay,Pal, Yash Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.8

Normal haematological and biochemical indices along with thyroid hormone status were studied in healthy Kathiawari horses of different age groups (yearling, young stock, adults and old stock) belonging to either sex. Effect of both age and sex was observed on thyroid hormone levels, haematological and biochemical indices. In females, hemoglobin levels was significantly lower in yearlings than adult animals while total leukocyte counts were higher in yearlings than equids of other age groups. Sex had effect only on total erythrocyte counts, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in horses of 1-3 years age group (young stock) and on packed cell volume in adult female and male equids. Among biochemical indices, activities of enzymes were observed to be influenced both by age and sex. Creatine kinase, gamma glutamyl transferase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in young and adult equids than animals of other age groups in Kathiawari horses while activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in yearlings than equids belonging to other age groups in both male and females. However, activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase was unaltered due to both sex and age factor. Albumin, bilirubin direct, bilirubin total, cholesterol, creatinine, protein, triglyceride and uric acid were statistically different in various age and sex groups of horses. Calcium, magnesium and chloride contents were almost same in various age groups of male horses. Significantly higher levels of $T_3$ and $T_4$ were observed in both male and female yearlings as compared to equids of other age groups in both the sexes.

Double blind randomized control trial to evaluate the efficacy of ketoprofen patch to attenuate pain during venous cannulation

( Sanjay Kumar ),( Omprakash Sanjeev ),( Anil Agarwal ),( Chetna Shamshery ),( Rakhi Gupta ) 대한통증학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.31 No.1

Background: Venipuncture pain is an uncomfortable suffering to the patient. It creates anxiety, fear and dissatisfaction. The ketoprofen transdermal patch is a proven treatment for musculoskeletal and arthritic pain. We planned this study to evaluate the efficacy of the ketoprofen patch to reduce venipuncture pain. Methods: Two hundred adult patients, aged 18-60 years, of either sex, ASA grade I or II, were enrolled. Presuming that therapy would decrease venipuncture pain by 30%, a power calculation with α = 0.05 and β = 0.80 required enrollment of at least 24 patients into each group. However, 100 patients in each group were recruited. Group I (Control) received a placebo patch; Group II (Ketoprofen) received a 20 mg ketoprofen patch. A selected vein on the dorsum of the patient’s non-dominant hand was cannulated with 18 g intravenous cannula 1 h after the application of the respective patch. Assessment of pain was done by a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0-10, where 0 depicts “no pain” and 10 is “the worst imaginable pain”. The venipuncture site was assessed for the presence of skin erythema, swelling and rashes at 12 h, 24 h and at the time of decannulation. Results: Incidence of pain was 100% (94/94) in the control group as compared to 93% (85/91) in the ketoprofen group. The severity of the venipuncture pain was 6 (2) and 2 (2) for control and ketoprofen groups respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Application of a ketoprofen patch at the proposed site of venipuncture one hour before the attempt is effective and safe for attenuating venipuncture pain. (Korean J Pain 2018; 31: 39-42)

Review of Task Duplication Based (TDB) Scheduling Algorithms

Shobhit Gupta,Ranjit Rajak,Girish Kumar Singh,Sanjay Jain 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.1

Task scheduling is a well-known NP-complete problem. It is one of the research areas in parallel computing. Task scheduling consists of an application program and a set of processors for allocating the various tasks. An application program is represented using a directed acyclic graph(DAG) and a set of processors that are homogenous and fully connected. In this paper, we study different task duplication-based (TDB) scheduling algorithms and their priority attributes and time complexity. Also, we will discuss different types of performance metrics in task scheduling algorithms. These performance metrics help to analyze different task scheduling algorithms.

Assessment of the Antiulcer Potential of Moringa oleifera Root-Bark Extract in Rats

Manoj Kumar Choudhary,Surendra H. Bodakhe,Sanjay Kumar Gupta 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.4

In the present study, an ethanolic root-bark extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) was examined for its antiulcer potential in albino Wistar rats using two experimental models: ethanol-induced and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulceration. The extract was orally administered at three different doses (150, 350, and 500 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. The antiulcer effects in rats treated with different doses of the extract and omeprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o.) were determined and compared statistically with the antiulcer effects in the control rats treated with saline (NaCl, 0.9%). The MO at doses of 350 and 500 mg/kg decreased the ulcer index significantly as compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The percentage protections against gastric ulcers were 82.58%, 85.13%, and 86.15% for MO doses of 150, 350, and 500 mg/kg, respectively, in the pylorus-ligated ulcer model and 55.75%, 59.33%, and 78.51%, respectively, in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. The MO significantly reduced the free acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index (p < 0.01) and increased the pH of gastric content compared with the control group. This study suggests that MO possesses valuable antiulcer, antisecretory, and cytoprotective activity. Thus, an ethanolic root-bark extract of Moringa oleifera can be used as source for an antiulcer drug.