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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Regulates Hydrogen Sulfide Production
Hine, Christopher,Kim, Hyo-Jeong,Zhu, Yan,Harputlugil, Eylul,Longchamp, Alban,Matos, Marina Souza,Ramadoss, Preeti,Bauerle, Kevin,Brace, Lear,Asara, John M.,Ozaki, C. Keith,Cheng, Sheue-yann,Singha, S Cell Press 2017 Cell metabolism Vol.25 No.6
<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Decreased growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling are associated with longevity and metabolic fitness. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are poorly understood, but may overlap with those of dietary restriction (DR), which imparts similar benefits. Recently we discovered that hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) is increased upon DR and plays an essential role in mediating DR benefits across evolutionary boundaries. Here we found increased hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production in long-lived mouse strains of reduced GH and/or TH action, and in a cell-autonomous manner upon serum withdrawal in vitro. Negative regulation of hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production by GH and TH was additive and occurred via distinct mechanisms, namely direct transcriptional repression of the H<SUB>2</SUB>S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) by TH, and substrate-level control of H<SUB>2</SUB>S production by GH. Mice lacking CGL failed to downregulate systemic T<SUB>4</SUB> metabolism and circulating IGF-1, revealing an essential role for H<SUB>2</SUB>S in the regulation of key longevity-associated hormones.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production capacity is elevated in long-lived hypopituitary mouse models</P>•<P>Growth hormone (GH) represses hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production post-transcriptionally</P>•<P>Thyroid hormone (TH) acts via TRβ to repress cystathionine γ-lyase and H<SUB>2</SUB>S levels</P>•<P>H<SUB>2</SUB>S negatively regulates circulating TH and IGF-1 levels</P></P></▼2><▼3><P>Reduced thyroid hormone (TH) and growth hormone (GH) activity are hallmarks of genetic models of longevity in mice. Here, Hine et al. find that TH and GH negatively regulate hepatic production of the longevity-associated gas hydrogen sulfide, which feeds back to negatively regulate circulating TH and IGF-1 levels.</P></▼3>
Structural evolution of graphene in air at the electrical breakdown limit
Son, J.,Choi, M.,Choi, H.,Kim, S.J.,Kim, S.,Lee, K.R.,Vantasin, S.,Tanabe, I.,Cha, J.,Ozaki, Y.,Hong, B.H.,Yang, I.S.,Hong, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Carbon Vol.99 No.-
<P>In application of graphene to real electronics, understanding the mechanism of the electrical breakdown of the graphene in harsh environments should precede many activities in tamed conditions. In this article, we report the unusual structural evolution of microbridge graphene in air near the electrical current-breakdown limit. In-situ micro-Raman study revealed that Joule heating near the electrical breakdown gave rise to a substantial structural evolution: a previously unknown broad amorphous-like and partially reversible phase at an on-and off-current of similar to 3.0 X 10(8) A/cm(2), which finally drove the phase to the electrical current-breakdown. Our calculations suggest that the phase originates from the broken symmetry caused by defect formations during Joule heating. In particular, these formations are bonds of carbon-oxygen and vacancies-oxygen. A collection of energetically favorable vacancies-oxygen pairs results in porous graphene, and its evolution can be the key to understanding how the breakdown starts and propagates in graphene under high current density in air. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Suthinee Ithimakin,Napa Parinyanitikul,김성배,Yoon-Sim Yap,Janice Tsang,Inda S Soong,Yukinori Ozaki,Shinji Ohno,Makiko Ono,Jack Junjie Chan,Hung Chun Skye Cheng,Thitiya Dejthevaporn 한국유방암학회 2022 Journal of breast cancer Vol.25 No.3
Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) treatment has shifted from chemotherapy to targeted therapy. Several targeted agents have demonstrated an improvement in survival. Given that national healthcare resources were correlated with the cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio, we compared access to BC drugs in Thailand with that in other Asian countries. Methods: BC experts involved in the Breast International Group (BIG)-Asia in six representative groups for countries or special administrative region (SAR) in Asia (Hong Kong SAR, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Singapore) were invited to participate in the survey. The questionnaire addressed national health reimbursement schemes, molecular testing for early BC (EBC), availability and accessibility of BC drugs. Accessibility and reimbursement of the drugs were reported based on their listing as essential medicines in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines (WHO-EML) and their nomination as effective drugs in the European Society for Medical Oncology-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS). The study was approved by all participating BIG-Asia organizations in November 2021. Results: Genomic tests for EBC were non-reimbursable in all surveyed territories. Reimbursement and co-payment of BC drugs vary between and within these regions (particularly Thailand). Most drugs in the WHO-EML and ESMO-MCBS (A/B for EBC and 4/5 for advanced BC) were accessible in all surveyed territories. However, the accessibility of effective but costly WHO-EML and ESMO-MCBS drugs was not uniform in Thailand. There was an evident disparity for individuals covered by the Thai Social Security/Universal Health Coverage schemes. Conclusion: Essential BC drugs are generally accessible in selected BIG-Asia countries or SAR. There is a disparity in accessing high-cost drugs in Thailand compared with other Asian territories.
Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves as a Candidate to Cause Pulsating Auroras
Fukizawa, M.,Sakanoi, T.,Miyoshi, Y.,Hosokawa, K.,Shiokawa, K.,Katoh, Y.,Kazama, Y.,Kumamoto, A.,Tsuchiya, F.,Miyashita, Y.,Tanaka, Y. ‐,M.,Kasahara, Y.,Ozaki, M.,Matsuoka, A.,Matsuda, S.,Hikish American Geophysical Union 2018 Geophysical Research Letters Vol.45 No.23