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Vascular Cell Responses against Oxidative Stress and its Application
Ryoo, Sung-Woo,Lee, Sang-Ki,Kim, Cuk-Seong,Jeon, Byeong-Hwa Biomedical Engineering Society for Circulation 2004 International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engin Vol.2 No.2
The history of studies in biology regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) is approximately 40 years. During the initial 30 years, it appeared that these studies were mainly focused on the toxicity of ROS. However, recent studies have identified another action regarding oxidative signaling, other than toxicity of ROS. Basically, it is suggested that ROS are reactive, and degenerate to biomolecules such as DNA and proteins, leading to deterioration of cellular functions as an oxidative stress. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that ROS act as oxidative signaling in cells, resulting in various gene expressions. Recently ROS emerged as critical signaling molecules in cardiovascular research. Several studies over the past decade have shown that physiological effects of vasoactive factors are mediated by these reactive species and, conversely, that altered redox mechanisms are implicated in the occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases ROS is a collective term often used by scientist to include not only the oxygen radicals($O2^{-{\cdot}},\;{^{\cdot}}OH$), but also some non-radical derivatives of oxygen. These include hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and ozone (O3). The superoxide anion ($O2^{-{\cdot}}$) is formed by the univalent reduction of triplet-state molecular oxygen ($^3O_2$). Superoxide dismutase (SOD)s convert superoxide enzymically into hydrogen peroxide. In biological tissues superoxide can also be converted nonenzymically into the nonradical species hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$). In the presence of reduced transition metals (e.g., ferrous or cuprous ions), hydrogen peroxide can be converted into the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (${^{\cdot}}OH$). Alternatively, hydrogen peroxide may be converted into water by the enzymes catalase or glutathione peroxidase. In the glutathione peroxidase reaction glutathione is oxidized to glutathione disulfide, which can be converted back to glutathione by glutathione reductase in an NADPH-consuming process.
Woo, Ainieng,Min, Byung-Sun,Ryoo, Sung-Woo Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.7
Arginase competitively inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) via use of the common substrate L-arginine. Arginase II has recently reported as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that piceatannol- 3'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (PG), a potent component of stilbenes, inhibits the activity of arginase I and II prepared from mouse liver and kidney lysates, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, incubation of PG markedly blocked arginase activity and increased NOx production, as measured by Griess assay. The PG effect was associated with increase of eNOS dimer ratio, although the protein levels of arginase II or eNOS were not changed. Furthermore, isolated mice aortic rings treated with PG showed inhibited arginase activity that resulted in increased nitric oxide (NO) production upto 78%, as measured using 4-amino-5-methylamino- 2',7'-difluorescein (DAF-FM) and a decreased superoxide anions up to 63%, as measured using dihydroethidine (DHE) in the intact endothelium. PG showed $IC_{50}$ value of 11.22 ${\mu}M$ and 11.06 ${\mu}M$ against arginase I and II, respectively. PG as an arginase inhibitor, therefore, represents a novel molecule for the therapy of cardiovascular diseases derived from endothelial dysfunction and may be used for the design of pharmaceutical compounds.
Systematic Review of Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture in English and Korean Literature
Ryoo, Dek-Woo,Kim, Hong-Guk,Kim, Sung-Jin,Baek, Seung-Won,Jeong, Seong-Mok,Yoon, Jin-Young,Lee, Chang-Hee,Goo, Bon-Hyuk,Kim, Min-Jeong,Park, Yeon-Cheol,Baek, Yong-Hyeon,Nam, Sang-Soo,Seo, Byung-Kwan Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2017 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.34 No.4
Background: Hominis placenta (HP) is used in Korean medicine to tonify qi and blood, and enrich yin and tonify yang. HP has been reported to have therapeutic effects. Methods: A survey of international and Korean electronic databases was conducted using the search terms "hominis placenta pharmacopuncture" and "hominis placenta extract". The search was limited to material published up to May 31, 2017. Results: A total of 83 studies were included in this systematic review: 50 were clinical studies, 25 were basic studies, and 8 were other types of study. Among clinical studies, the most frequently treated disease groups were musculoskeletal diseases and nervous system diseases. In vitro studies were conducted mainly on anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-cell necrosis models. Most of the in vivo studies were performed in rheumatoid arthritis or diabetic complications models. Conclusion: HP pharmacopuncture has effects in the treatment of various diseases. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to improve the level of evidence for HP pharmacopuncture. It would be helpful if future in vitro and in vivo studies could identify the mechanism of action of HP pharmacopuncture.
The risk of gastric cancer according to changes in smoking status among Korean men
Sung Keun Park,Min-Ho Kim,Chang-Mo Oh,Eunhee Ha,Eun Hye Yang,Woo Yeon Hwang,Ann Hee You,Jae-Hong Ryoo 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Studies have shown that the risk of gastric cancer can vary by smoking status and smoking amount at a single point in time. However, few data have been reported about the effect of changes in smoking status over time on the risk of gastric cancer. METHODS This study collected data from the National Health Insurance Corporation in Korea on 97,700 Korean men without gastric cancer who underwent health check-ups from 2002 to 2013. The smoking status (never smoked, quit smoking, and currently smoking) of study participants was assessed in 2003-2004 and 2009, and the results were categorized into 7 groups: never-never, never-quit, never-current, quit-quit, quit-current, current-quit, and current-current. Participants were followed until 2013 to identify incident gastric cancer. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident gastric cancer according to changes in smoking status and smoking amount (pack-years). RESULTS Compared with group 1 (never-never), participants currently smoking in 2009 (never-current, quit-current, and current-current) had higher HRs for gastric cancer (never-quit: 1.077; 95% CI, 0.887 to 1.306, never-current: 1.347; 95% CI, 0.983 to1.846, quit-quit: 1.086; 95% CI, 0.863 to 1.366, quit-current: 1.538; 95% CI, 1.042 to 2.269, current-quit: 1.339; 95% CI, 1.077 to 1.666, and current-current: 1.589; 95% CI, 1.355 to 1.864, respectively). The risk for gastric cancer was highest in heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers. CONCLUSIONS In all categories of smoking status, current smoking was associated with the highest risk of gastric cancer. Heavy smoking was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, even in former smokers.
Cancer patients with neutropenic septic shock: etiology and antimicrobial resistance
Sung Min Jung,Youn Jung Kim,Seung Mok Ryoo,Chang Hwan Sohn,Dong Woo Seo,Kyoung Soo Lim,Won Young Kim 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.4
Background/Aims: Among patients with febrile neutropenia that developed after chemotherapy, high-risk patients, such as those having clinical instability or Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer score of < 21, require hospitalization for intravenous empiric antibiotic therapy. Monotherapy with an anti-pseudomonal ß-lactam agent is recommended. Although many studies reported the microbial etiology of infections and resistant patterns of febrile neutropenia, the patients were not well characterized as having neutropenic septic shock. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the microbial spectrum of infections and resistance patterns of their isolates in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic septic shock. Methods: Data of adult patients diagnosed with neutropenic septic shock in the emergency department between June 2012 and December 2016 were extracted from a prospectively compiled septic shock registry at a single academic medical center. Thereafter, microbiological studies and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted. Results: In total, 109 bacteria were found in patients with neutropenic septic shock. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causative organisms (84, 77.1%). Moreover, 33 microorganisms (30.3%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (17, 50%) being the commonest. The most commonly affected sites in patients with MDR bacterial infections were the gastrointestinal tract (45%) and unknown (43.5%). Approximately 48.5% of MDR bacteria were resistant to cefepime but not to piperacillin- tazobactam or carbapenem. Conclusions: MDR bacteria were prevalent in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic septic shock. Therefore, piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenem may be considered as empiric antibiotics if MDR bacteria are suspected to be causative agents.
Constructing u‐City of Seoul by future foresight analysis
Woo, Jung‐,Hun,Kim, HyungSeok,Lim, Sang Boem,Kim, Jae‐,Jin,Lee, Jonghyun,Ryoo, Rina,Kim, Hansoo,Minh, Le Dinh John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 Concurrency and computation Vol.23 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>AirScope is a micro‐scale modeling system as well as a micro‐scale air quality monitoring system, which comprises as a micro‐scale air quality management system. Importance of micro‐scale air monitoring is rising due to the concern about environment near residential places. Traditional monitoring methods are providing overall air quality indexes. However, these methods have limited functionalities to provide air quality of near my house or where I am now. In this paper, we are trying to overcome the limitation of traditional methods by using ubiquitous sensor network (USN). AirScope consists of computational fluid dynamics based air quality modeling, USN‐based sensor monitoring, and multi‐modal interaction platform. We present a brief overview of AirScope and several aspects of constructed initial indoor test environment with a few validity tests. The proposed system will be extended to an outdoor real‐world testbed with most of modern urban elements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>