The Occupant Perception and Investigation of Indoor Air Quality at Home in Seoul

Sohn, Jong-Ryeul,Kim, Young-Whan,Byeon, Sang-Hoon Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2003 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.18 No.1

최근 산업장 뿐만아니라 주택에서의 실내환경오염은 대단히 중요한 관심사이다. 특히 미국 EPA에서는 성인이 하루에 약 80 % 이상을 실내 공간에서 생활하고 있는 것으로 보고하고 있으며, 이러한 생환 방식의 변화에 인한 최근 도시화 지역에서의 실내 공기질(indoor air quality)의 문제가 새로운 환경 이슈로 부각되고 있고, 일본을 비롯한 구미 각 국에서도 21세기 환경문제 중 실내환경(indoor environment) 문제를 최우선으로 다루고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 주택에서의 실내공기질을 평가하기 위하여 설문지를 통하여 인식도를 조사하고 그를 토대로 6개의 다른 주거환경을 가진 주택을 대상으로 실내공기오염도를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 평가한 측정항목은 온도, 습도, CO, $CO_2$, 호흡성분진, 포름알데히드, 총부유세균(TBC)이었으며, 주택의 지역 및 계절별로 나누어 측정하였는데, 측정결과 호흡성분진은 주택 5,6 에서 국내의 기준을 초과하였으며, 총부유세균은 흥콩과 싱가폴의 실내기준 권고치인 $500{\;}CFU/m^3$을 초과였고, HCHO는 모든 대상 주택에서 초과하였다. 또한 통계적으로 분석한 결과 주택의 건축년도와 CO, TBC가 0.01 수준에서 유의성 관계를 나타냈으며, 습도는0.05 수준에서 유의성을 나타냈다. 또한 주택의 거주자 500인을 대상으로 조사한 설문지 결과에서는 대부분 응답자가 실내공기오염에 대하여 인식하고있으며, 실내오염으로 인해 피로>두통>눈 아픔>기침 등을 호소하고 있으며, 실내공기정화장치가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 목적은 주택에서의 실내공기질을 평가하여 실내공기질의 중요성을 인식시키고, 그에 대한 구체적인 대책방안을 제시하여 관련 기준을 준비하는데 기초적인 자료를 마련하고 주민들이 쾌적한 삶을 유지하는데 기여하고자 한다. Indoor air quality(IAQ) in workplace and residential environments has been concern of people. Recently, Ministry of Environment in Korea has recognized the potential risk on the healthy effect related to indoor air pollution at home. Therefore, the purpose of this study was performed to measure the indoor air pollutants of IAQ at different homes and investigate to compare the perception of IAQ recognition at home from questionnaire survey in Seoul. We estimated the IAQ of selected 6 homes based on site region and housing type. The indoor air pollutants and parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, respirable suspended particulate matter($PM_{10}$), formaldehyde(HCHO), total bacteria counts, carbon monooxide(CO) and carbon dioxide($CO_2$) were monitored for summer and winter. In monitoring results, the respirable suspended particulate matter(($PM_{10}$) and indoor airborne bacteria level of home 5 and 6 were higher than the standard of the public $150{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$ and $500{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$, the level formaldehyde(HCHO) was exceed 0.1 ppm of the standard of Korea at all monitored homes. In statistics analysis, we could find a correlation between the building age and the concentration of CO, TBC were significant at 0.01 level and Relative Humidity was significant at 0.05 level for summer. Finally, the important air pollutants of IAQ in home were HCHO and total bacteria counts(TBC). And we performed a questionnaire survey of 500 people about their awareness for the importance of IAQ in our home during same period. In results, all most response of occupant has recognized the importance of IAQ at home. Therefore, it can be concluded that the IAQ of selected 6 home studied was perceived as acceptable, it is recommended that the government related IAQ was suggested the guideline and control of IAQ problems, and the occupants need to be effort to reduce the exposure of sources to undesirable pollutants.

Difussion and Retardation of Volatile Organic Compounds in an Unsaturated Soil Column

Sohn, Jong-Ryeul 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2002 保健科學論集 Vol.28 No.2

The compounds chosen for the study were trichloroethylene (TCE) and chloroform (CF) because of their prolific presence at contaminated sites. A laboratory scale diffusion test cell was used for this study. The design of the diffusion system ensured the absence of advective flow and established diffusion as the sole VOC transport process. VOC compounds were introduced to the system as aqueous solutions, and mass transfer from the aqueous to the gas phase created the VOCs driving concentrations for diffusion through the column's porous medium. This procedure and design allowed flexibility in the use of solutions containing different VOC concentrations, and the possibility for the use of solutions having a varied number of organic compounds for the presence of a varied number or organic compounds. The porous media used for this research was an aquifer sand material obtained from JuMoonJin, KangWon-Do. The experimental methodology allowed for the collection of transient anti steady state diffusion data in one single experiment, making it possible to determine values for the effective diffusion coefficient and retardation factor from a single set of experimental data. Vapor samples were obtained at the influlent and effluent chambers of the test cell by using gas-tight syringes at regular time intervals. VOC concentrations in the samples were determined by using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. A theoretical model was developed in order to analyze the experimentally obtained effluent profiles and determine if there had been interactions between the compounds used. The model used a finite differences approach and applied Fick's first law over small incremental time steps to approximate Fick's second law for transient conditions. The assumptions involved in model development (i.e. neglect of mass transfer kinetics) appear to have been justifiable as shown by the good agreement between both predicted and experimental breakthrough profiles obtained during the model Validation stage of the research. Experimental results showed that in experiments with single vapors at "low" relative pressures, the transient diffusion of both CF and TCE was retarded by an instantaneous linear sorption process. As relative pressures increased deviations from linear sorption behavior were observed. Transient diffusion of the compounds was enhanced at higher relative pressures (i.e. a decrease in retardation), suggesting non-linear "site-limited" is other in behavior. Results for the binary mixture diffusion experiments revealed interactions between TCE and CF over the range of concentration levels considered in this. research. Some of the interactions could be termed as competitive while others can be viewed as synergistic in nature. Results show that TCE appears to decrease the 'sorption behavior of CF (i.e. enhance its diffusion) when both compounds are under low to moderate concentration levels. Competition effects were observed to lessen as CF concentration was increased. Apparently as the CF concentration increased, this vapor was able to compete more effectively with TCE for sorption sites. Results also suggest that condensation and/or adsorption at the gas-water interface may have occurred for some of the binary mixture experiments at high vapor concentrations as evidenced by increases in the retardation factor. Modified transport VOC models need to incorporate the observed competitive and synergistic VOC interactions present in this research.

Particulate Behavior in Subway Airspace

Sohn, Jong-Ryeul,Kim, Jo-Chun,Kim, Min-Young,Son, Youn-Suk,Sunwoo, Young Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2008 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.2 No.1

The most pivotal approach to improve subway indoor air quality (IAQ) is to examine the emission sources and particulate behavior. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the particulate behavior in the subway. In order to examine IAQ in the subway, a sampling and measurement campaign was carried out for 35 sites during the summer and winter seasons from May, 2005 to February, 2006. In case of 24 hour measurement, the mean concentrations ($PM_{10}$-24 hr) of platform and waiting room were $156.18{\pm}53.79{\mu}g/m^3$ and $111.00{\pm}53.31{\mu}g/ m^3$. Besides, as a result of 20 hour measurement, the mean concentrations ($PM_{10}$-20 hr) of platform and waiting room were $146.09{\pm}53.71{\mu}g/m^3$ and $99.08{\pm}42.77{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. In general, $PM_{10}$-24 hr was higher than $PM_{10}$-20 hr, and both PM concentrations showed a high correlation coefficient (r=0.803). It was found that the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration ($l09.56{\pm}28.24{\mu}g/m^3$) in winter was higher than that ($83.66{\pm}57.82{\mu}g/m^3$) in summer.

Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics of Degradation for Refractory Organic Pollutants in Water by Ultrasonic Irradiation

Jong-Ryeul Sohn,Kyung-Hwan Moon 한국환경보건학회 2003 한국환경보건학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2003 No.-

대형건축물 적용 실내공기질 통합관리시스템

손종렬(Sohn, Jong-Ryeul) 대한건축학회 2017 建築 Vol.61 No.11

Development of environmental risk map technology applied on prediction models of environmental damage for prevention and preparedness of chemical accident

Jong-Ryeul Sohn(손종렬) 환경독성보건학회 2016 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.6

The Occupant Perception and Investigation of Indoor Air Quality at Home in Seoul

Jong-Ryeul Sohn,Young-Whan Kim,Sang-Hoon Byeon 대한환경위생공학회 2003 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.18 No.1

지하철 역사 승강장의 PSD설치에 의한 미세먼지 감소 효과

손종렬(Sohn Jong-Ryeul),변상훈(Byeon Sang-Hoon) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2008 한국건축친환경설비학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

일부 주택의 침구류 및 실내공기 중의 집먼지 진드기 알러젠 농도 측정

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),최달웅(Dal-Woong Choi),백용규(Yong-Kyu Baik) 한국생활환경학회 2006 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.13 No.3

House dust mite were the most important cause of allergic asthma and rhinitis. More than 70% of Korean children and about 50% of adult with respiratory allergy were sensitive to house dust mite. This experiment was examined the indoor environment in house and house dust mite existence inquiry. From, 23rd December 2005 to 28th February 2006, dust samples were collected from the bedclothing by a vacuum cleaner and air sampler. And the levels of Der f1 and Der p1 were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The results were as follows : 1. The mite allergy contaminations of bedclothes in house were higher than international standards (2000 ng/g), 2. In type of mite, The Korean house the almost have the D. farinae other than D. pteronyeeinus of mite. 3. The Der f1 and Der p1 levels per gram of dust from the bedclothes were 2074.99 ng on average, but they did not exist in air. The concentrations of house dust mite were significantly high in the bedclothing. This results suggest that the bedclothes have enough concentrations of dust mites to develop the sensitization. The control of indoor environment should be emphasized to prevent the sensitization by the repeated exposure to dust mite.

일부 실내 환경 시설의 집먼지 진드기 검출에 따른 PM10과 HCHO의 비교평가

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),강민구(Min-Gu Kang),곽호찬(Ho-Chan Kwak) 한국실내환경학회 2008 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.5 No.1

House dust mite of the indoor environment is one of the most important causes of allergic asthma and rhinitis. It has been known that more than 70% of Korean children and about 50% of adult with the respiratory allergy are sensitive to house dust mite. The purpose of our study is to find out the relationship between the concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO)/PM10 and the number of house dust mite in the indoor environment. In this study, sampling sites were education, social and dwelling facilities. We inquire the questionnaire of the resident on the indoor air quality in all sampling sites. At the same time, we measured the concentration of formaldeh yde(HCHO)/PM10 as well as house dust mites. it was complained by 20% respondents that the indoor air quality was bad and by 10% that the atopy symptom was evident. When a certain amount of house dust mites were detected, the contents of PM10 were observed high and that of HCHO low. However when the house dust mites were not detected, the concentration of PM10 was low and that of HCHO high. From our results, it is concluded that the indoor air quality (i.e. conc. of PM10/HCHO) is quite related to the contents of house dust mites supporting the fact that the symptom of atopy and asthma is due to these small organisms.