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Ahmed, Arif,Cho, Yunju,Giles, Kevin,Riches, Eleanor,Lee, Jong Wha,Kim, Hugh I.,Choi, Cheol Ho,Kim, Sunghwan American Chemical Society 2014 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.86 No.7
<P>Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry has allowed the determination of elemental formulas of the compounds comprising crude oils. However, elucidating molecular structures remains an analytical challenge. Herein, we propose and demonstrate an approach combining ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and theoretical collisional cross-section (CCS) calculations to determine the molecular structures of aromatic compounds found in crude oils. The approach is composed of three steps. First, chemical structures are suggested based on the elemental formulas determined from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra. Second, theoretical CCS values are calculated based on these proposed structures. Third, the calculated CCS values of the proposed structures are compared with experimentally determined CCS values from IM-MS data to provide proposed structures. For proof of concept, 31 nonalkylated and short-chain alkyl (<I>n</I> < 5, (CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>) aromatic compounds commonly observed in crude oils were analyzed. Theoretical and experimental CCS values matched within a 5% RMS error. This approach was then used to propose structures of compounds in selected <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> regions of crude oil samples. Overall, the combination of ion mobility mass spectrometry, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and theoretical calculations was shown to be a useful tool for elucidating chemical structures of compounds in complex mixtures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2014/ancham.2014.86.issue-7/ac4032737/production/images/medium/ac-2013-032737_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac4032737'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A PbS quantum-cube: conducting polymer composite for photovoltaic applications
A. A. R. Watt,P. Meredith,J. D. Riches,S. Atkinson,H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
We have developed a new non-polar synthesis for lead sulde (PbS) ‘‘quantum-cubes’’ in the conjugated polymer poly-2-methoxy,5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) MEH-PPV. The conducting polymer acts to template and control the quantum-cube growth. Transmission electron microscopy of the composites has shown a bimodal distribution of cube sizes between 5 and 15nm is produced with broad optical absorption from 300 to 650 nm. Photoluminescence suggests electronic coupling between thecubes and the conducting polymer matrix. The synthesis and initial characterization are presented in this paper.
Formation of mesostructured titania thin films using isopropoxide precursors
G.Q.M. Lu,I. Kartini,P. Meredith,Diniz da Costa,J. D. Riches 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
Mesostructured titania thin lms were prepared by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The highly acidic sol pre-cursors contained titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a titanium source, a tri-block copolymer Pluronic P123 as a template,and acetylacetonate and HCl as hydrolysis inhibitors. Characteristics of the resultant titania thin lms were studied using X-raydiraction (XRD) analysis, N2-adsorption/desorption analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEMinvestigations on the as-synthesised lms revealed the appearance of cubic-like, pseudohexagonal, and lamellar mesophases;depending on the amount of water in the sols of lm precursors. Template removal by a calcination process yields high surface area(320360 m2/g) mesoporous materials with crystalline anatase frameworks. Water content also inuences the degree of anatasecrystallinity of the calcined lms. Higher water content resulted in improved anatase crystallinity. These nanostructured materialsare of interest for photocatalysts, photoelectrochemical solar cells and other photonic devices.
Boutin Louis,Morisson Louis,Riché Florence,Barthélémy Romain,Mebazaa Alexandre,Soyer Philippe,Gallix Benoit,Dohan Anthony,Chousterman Benjamin G. 대한중환자의학회 2023 Acute and Critical Care Vol.38 No.3
Background: Sepsis is a severe and common cause of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Radiomic analysis (RA) may predict organ failure and patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess a model of RA and to evaluate its performance in predicting in-ICU mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) during abdominal sepsis. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included patients admitted to the ICU for abdominal sepsis. To predict in-ICU mortality or AKI, elastic net regularized logistic regression and the random forest algorithm were used in a five-fold cross-validation set repeated 10 times.Results: Fifty-five patients were included. In-ICU mortality was 25.5%, and 76.4% of patients developed AKI. To predict in-ICU mortality, elastic net and random forest models, respectively, achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.54) and 0.51 (95% CI, 0.46–0.57) and were not improved combined with Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II. To predict AKI with RA, the AUC was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.66–0.77) for elastic net and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.64–0.74) for random forest, and these were improved combined with SAPS II, respectively; AUC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.96) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70–0.80) for elastic net and random forest, respectively.Conclusions: This study suggests that RA has poor predictive performance for in-ICU mortality but good predictive performance for AKI in patients with abdominal sepsis. A secondary validation cohort is needed to confirm these results and the assessed model.
Rich, Timothy S. World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2016 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.15 No.1
A large literature identifies perceptual differences between citizens that support winning parties versus losing parties. These analyses fail to capture the complexity of mixed member legislative systems where one can be a winner or loser at both the national and district level. This paper proposes a two-level framework for the analysis of mixed system. An analysis of Taiwan’s first election under a mixed system provides evidence that both support for a national winner and district level winner produce boosts in positive perceptions of the electoral system. National success appears to be a larger motivator of perceptions.
Voter Perceptions and Behavior in East Asian Mixed Systems
Rich, Timothy S. World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2013 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.12 No.1
How do mixed legislative systems shape voter behavior and public perceptions? Through an analysis of the electoral systems in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, this paper evaluates the extent to which the public in these three countries understand their mixed systems and whether claims of voter ignorance translate into irrational voting behavior based on the institutional effects of mixed systems. Through a multi-method approach including data from outside of East Asia, this analysis seeks to determine whether these three cases exhibit patterns consistent with other mixed systems. Empirical analysis affirms levels of strategic voting consistent with comprehension of electoral rules. Furthermore, this analysis suggests a disconnect between practical knowledge and electoral expectations.