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羅瑨薰,沈雲澤 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1979 충남의대잡지 Vol.6 No.2
The advent of oral contraceptives was a major advance in the field of contraception and together with the intrauterine device represents the most efficious methods of modern contraception. As experience with and acceptance of oral contraceptives in family planning programs have increased, a number of recommendations for paramedical prescription of oral contraceptives and more recently, non-clinical (commercial) distribution have appeared. This study is to examine the differences in the rate of continuation, side effects and drop-out by channel of pill distribution. In analyzing the results we noted the occurrence of side effects, the period of contraception and the rate of termination among women by the type of examination or explanation before acceptance of oral contraceptives and by the facilities. The groups were divided into 8 categories by the type of examination, group with detailed physical examination, routine physical examination by physician, questioned by physician, questioned and explained by physician, questioned and explained by clinic nurse, questioned and explained by public nurse at health center, questioned and explained by pharmacist and group without instruction. Among the groups, the group with a detailed physical examination had the lowest rate of severe side effect, the lowest rate of drop-out and fairly longer period using oral pills. They were followed by group given an explanation by a clinic nurse. Next were women who received an explanation from public health nurse followed those who obtained a routine physical examination. The highest rate of severe side effects, the highest rate of drop-out and the shortest peroid using oral pills except the group without instruction are the group received explanation from drugist. The facilities composed clinic, drug-store and health center. The rate of severe side effects was the same in women using clinic and health centers, while the rate of severe side effects was highest among drug-store users. The period of use was longest in women using clinices or health centers, whereas drug-store users had the shortest period of use. The drop-out rate was the lowest among health center users followed by those using clinics and finally by drug-store users. We can concluded that if the clinic nurse or public health nurse at health center give a datail instruction and explanation, the effectiveness of oral pill contraceptives would have obtained the same result of those women given physical examination by physicians.
이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ),강주원 ( Ju Won Kang ),정용운 ( Yong Un Chung ),이채용 ( Chai Yong Lee ),한동운 ( Dong Un Han ),위성환 ( Sung Hwan Wee ),윤소라 ( So Rah Yoon ),조재진 ( Jae Jin Cho ),강문일 ( Mun Il Kang ) 한국가축위생학회 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.4
The prevalence of major calf disease was investigated in 117 Holstein dairy calves in Chonnam area. All of them were moved in the College experimental farm which is operated in intensive units. clinical signs were daily examined throughout two months after the introduction of the College farm. Among calves, 92 cases(78.6%) died in the two months after the introduction in it. Outbreaks of respiratory and alimentary diseases were their main causes of their fatality. The incidence of respiratory disorders during the full period of the experiment was up to 42.8 %, and the alimentary diseases were occurred 35.9% of the herd. Most of the mortality was related with respiratory(59.9%) and alimentary(52.1%) pathogens. Also calf mortality by combined infection claimed 6.6% among 100 morbidity cases. Principle pathogens to cause mortality were Pasteurella spp(44.4%), E coli(29.9%), bovine viral diarrhea virus(16.2%), IBRV(12.0%), respectively. Viruses also played as an important role in increasing calf morbidity to secondary respiratory bacterial pathogens. Pasteurella infection combined with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus(11 cases), para-influenza virus type-3(9 cases), or bovine respiratory syncytial virus(7 cases) was appeared as major pattern to mortality. colibacillosis in causing enteritis was concurrently infected with BVD(19 cases), bovine coronavirus infection(14 cases), salmonellosis(5 cases), coccidiosis(5 cases) and clostridial infection(4 cases). Ninty-two cases to death were appeared to have 100% neutralizing antibodies to BCV; Among them, 73.8% had the neutralizing antibody level higher than 64. Calves with neutralizing antibodies higher than 16 to BVDV were 50%. The cases with neutralizing antibody level lower than 8 to BEFV were 89.4% that means the necessity of appropriate vaccination.
간헐외사시에서 외직근후전술 시 술 후 외편위로의 회귀: 동반된 수술 방법에 따른 비교
김진우,이종혁,라상훈,Jin Woo Kim,Jong Hyuck Lee,Sang Hoon Rah 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.11
Purpose: To assess the difference in the change of postoperative ocular alignment in intermittent exotropia corrected by horizontal muscle transposition or inferior oblique muscle recession together with lateral rectus muscle recession. Methods: A total of 110 patients with intermittent exotropia with a follow-up period of more than 6 months after lateral rectus muscle recession were enrolled in the present study. The patients who received lateral rectus muscle recession only were classified as group 1, patients who received both lateral rectus muscle recession and horizontal muscle vertical transposition in both eyes were classified as group 2, and patients who underwent lateral rectus muscle and inferior oblique muscle recession were classified as group 3. The differences in postoperative ocular alignment among the patient groups were compared. Results: Among the 3 groups, group 2 demonstrated the smallest amount of esotropic deviation in mean postoperative ocular alignment measured 1 day and 1 month after surgery. There was no significant difference among the groups in the mean postoperative ocular alignment and mean amount of exotropic drift at 6 months. The difference in the amount of postoperative exotropic drift 1 year after surgery among the 3 groups was statistically significant. The largest amount of postoperative exotropic drift was observed in group 1. Conclusions: In correcting intermittent exotropia, the largest amount of postoperative exotropic drift was observed in patients who received only lateral rectus muscle recession. By contrast, the smallest amount of postoperative exotropic drift was observed in patients who received lateral rectus muscle recession with vertical transposition of the horizontal muscle. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(11):1326-1330