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Battle for Baby : Proposed Legislation for Custody Battles over Frozen Pre-Embryos
Rachel E. Krmenec 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2016 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.10 No.1
The use of in vitro fertilization to have a biological child is on the rise due to rising infertility and the desire of same-sex couples to have a biological child. In vitro fertilization allows for a couple who may not otherwise be able to have a biological child have one by combining sperm and eggs in a laboratory and cryogenically freezing the resulting embryo for implantation. As the use of in vitro fertilization is on the rise, so too are the complications that come with the use of in vitro fertilization. For example, courts handle custody battles over the use or disposition of the frozen pre-embryos, often with dire consequences for one or both sides. By having state legislatures propose and adopt legislation concerning in vitro fertilization and custody battles over frozen pre-embryos, the courts will avoid messy custody battles over the embryos. This comment calls for nationwide implementation of state statutes regarding the custody aspect of frozen pre-embryos begotten through in vitro fertilization. After providing a general overview of the in vitro fertilization process and how the courts have handled disputes over frozen pre-embryos, the author sets out the necessary components of a proposed state statute regarding disputes over frozen pre-embryos.
Rachel Thommen,Christian A. Bowers,Aaron C. Segura,Joanna M. Roy,Meic H. Schmidt 대한척추신경외과학회 2024 Neurospine Vol.21 No.2
Objective: To evaluate the prognostic utility of baseline frailty, measured by the Risk Analysis Index (RAI), for prediction of postoperative mortality among patients with spinal malignancy (SM) undergoing resection. Methods: SM surgery cases were queried from the American College of Surgeons – National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2011–2020). The relationship between preoperative RAI frailty score and increasing rate of primary endpoint (mortality or discharge to hospice within 30 days, “mortality/hospice”) were assessed. Discriminatory accuracy was assessed by computation of C-statistics (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 2,235 cases were stratified by RAI score: 0–20, 22.7%; 21–30, 11.9%; 31–40, 54.7%; and ≥ 41, 10.7%. The rate of mortality/hospice was 6.5%, which increased linearly with increasing RAI score (p < 0.001). RAI was also associated with increasing rates of major complication, extended length of stay, and nonhome discharge (all p < 0.05). The RAI demonstrated acceptable discriminatory accuracy for prediction of primary endpoint (C-statistic, 0.717; 95% CI, 0.697–0.735). In pairwise ROC comparison, RAI demonstrated superiority versus modified frailty index-5 and chronological age (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative frailty, as measured by RAI, is a robust predictor of mortality/ hospice after SM surgery. The frailty score may be applied in clinical settings using a userfriendly calculator, deployed here: https://nsgyfrailtyoutcomeslab.shinyapps.io/spinalMalignancyRAI/.
“Am I Your Coequal?!”: Memes and Changing Meanings in the Digital Subversion of Ghanaian Hierarchies
Rachel Nora Flamenbaum 한국외국어대학교 HK 세미오시스 연구센터 2022 Signs and Society Vol.10 No.2
Capturing the zeitgeist of youthful challenges to the status quo in Ghana, a video of an anonymous young person challenging an older politician with a derisive call of “Tweaa!” went viral in 2014. Reentextualizations of the encounter were soon circulating online in the form of memes, songs, and hashtags and offline in joking exchanges everywhere from vegetable markets to parliament. This article traces the many ironic reembeddings of the tweaa clip across these contexts, as young people used tweaa to subvert and interrogate Ghana’s rigid social hierarchies—ultimately producing an enduring shift in the vocabulary of protest in Ghana. Tweaa, once a casual interjection of disapproval, is now explicitly seen as iconic of the disenfranchised challenging those in power: a verb meaning “to protest inept authority.” This case study of memetic circulation suggests that memes not only discursively produce publics but can effect seismic semiotic shifts in everyday language.
Surface Treatment of Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) Condensation Plates
Rachel Ananda Harianto,Rio Aryapratama,Seockheon Lee,Wonjin Jo,Heon Ju Lee 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.5
Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) is one of several technologies that can be used to solve problems fresh water availability. AGMD exhibits several advantages, including low conductive heat loss and higher thermal efficiency, due to the presence of an air gap between the membrane and condensation wall. A previous study by Bhardwaj found that the condensation surface properties (materials and contact angle) affected the total collected fresh water in the solar distillation process. However, the process condition differences between solar distillation and AGMD might result in different condensation phenomena. In contrast, N. Miljkovic showed that a hydrophobic surface has higher condensation heat transfer. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that investigates the effect of condensation surface properties in AGMD to overall process performance (i.e. flux and thermal efficiency). Thus, in this study, we treated the AGMD condensation surface to make it hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The condensation surface could be made hydrophilic by immersing and boiling plate in deionized (DI) water, which caused the formation of hydrophilic aluminum hydroxide (AlOOH) nanostructures. Afterwards, the treated plate was coated using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The result indicated that condensation surface properties do not affect the permeate flux or thermal efficiency significantly. In general, the permeate flux and thermal efficiency for the treated plates were lower than those of the non-treated plate (pristine). However, at a 1 mm and 3 mm air gap, the treated plate outperformed the non-treated plate (pristine) in terms of permeate flux. Therefore, although surface wettability effect was not significant, it still provided a little influence.
Current Challenges for the Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: Brain Imaging and CSF Studies
Rachel Mistur,Lisa Mosconi,Susan De Santi,Marla Guzman,Yi Li,Wai Tsui,Mony J. de Leon 대한신경과학회 2009 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.5 No.4
The development of prevention therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) would greatly benefit from biomarkers that are sensitive to the subtle brain changes that occur in the preclinical stage of the disease. Reductions in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc), a measure of neuronal function, have proven to be a promising tool in the early diagnosis of AD. In vivo brain 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging demonstrates consistent and progressive CMRglc reductions in AD patients, the extent and topography of which correlate with symptom severity. There is increasing evidence that hypometabolism appears during the preclinical stages of AD and can predict decline years before the onset of symptoms. This review will give an overview of FDG-PET results in individuals at risk for developing dementia, including: presymptomatic individuals carrying mutations responsible for early-onset familial AD; patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), often a prodrome to late-onset sporadic AD; non-demented carriers of the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele, a strong genetic risk factor for late-onset AD; cognitively normal subjects with a family history of AD; subjects with subjective memory complaints; and normal elderly followed longitudinally until they expressed the clinical symptoms and received post-mortem confirmation of AD. Finally, we will discuss the potential to combine different PET tracers and CSF markers of pathology to improve the early detection of AD.
Trapping and Cooling of 174Yb+ Ions in a Microfabricated Surface Trap
Rachel Noek,Taehyun Kim,Emily Mount,So-Young Baek,Peter Maunz,Jungsang Kim 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.4
Trapped atomic ions are the leading candidate to act as individual quantum bits in a large quantum information processing system. Ion traps can be conformed to a two-dimensional surface,which provides a way to increase the number of ions while maintaining the ability to move individual ions in a two-dimensional grid. However, surface traps tend to suffer from shallow trap depths and higher motional heating rates. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and testing of a simple gold-on-fused-silica ion trap optimized for a deep trapping potential and stable motional modes. The desirable trap characteristics include long lifetime, fully-compensated micromotion,and high secular trap frequencies that were measured using a trapped and cooled 174Yb+ ion. This trap design can be integrated with an optical cavity to enhance the ion-photon coupling.