Effects of a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor on bone ingrowth and tissue differentiation in rabbit chambers

Goodman, S.B.,Ma, T.,Spanogle, J.,Chiu, R.,Miyanishi, K.,Oh, K.,Plouhar, P.,Wadsworth, S.,Smith, R.L. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a81 No.2

<P>The effects of an oral p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor and polyethylene particles separately and together on tissue differentiation in the bone harvest chamber (BHC) in rabbits over a 3-week treatment period were investigated. The harvested tissue was analyzed histomorphometrically for markers of bone formation (percentage of bone area), osteoblasts (alkaline phosphatase staining), and osteoclasts (CD51, the α chain of the vitronectin receptor). Polyethylene particles decreased the percentage of bone ingrowth and staining for alkaline phosphatase. The p38 MAPK inhibitor alone decreased alkaline phosphatase staining. When the oral p38 MAPK inhibitor was given and the chamber contained polyethylene particles, there was a suppression of bone ingrowth and alkaline phosphatase staining. In contrast to oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and local Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) administration, the oral p38 MAPK inhibitor alone did not suppress bone formation when given during the initial phase of tissue differentiation. Particle-induced inflammation and the foreign body reaction were not curtailed when the p38 MAPK inhibitor was given simultaneously with particles. Additional experiments are needed to establish the efficacy of p38 MAPK inhibitor administration on mitigating an established inflammatory and foreign body reaction that parallels the clinical situation more closely. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007</P>

Delayed versus Delayed-Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Blinded Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcomes

Frank P Albino,Ketan M Patel,Jesse R Smith,Maurice Y Nahabedian 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3

Background: The technique of delayed-immediate breast reconstruction includes immediate insertion of a tissue expander, post-mastectomy radiation, followed by reconstruction. The aesthetic benefits of delayed-immediate reconstruction compared to delayed reconstruction are postulated but remain unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare aesthetic outcomes in patients following delayed and delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who underwent delayed or delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction by the senior author from 2005 to 2011. Postoperative photographs were used to evaluate aesthetic outcomes: skin quality, scar formation, superior pole contour, inferior pole contour, and overall aesthetic outcome. Ten non-biased reviewers assessed outcomes using a 5-point Likert scale. Fisher’s Exact and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparative analysis. Results: Patient age and body mass index were similar between delayed (n=20) and delayed-immediate (n=20) cohorts (P>0.05). Skin and scar quality was rated significantly higher in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.74 vs. 3.05, P<0.001 and 3.41 vs. 2.79, P<0.001; respectively). Assessment of contour-related parameters, superior pole and inferior pole, found significantly improved outcomes in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.67 vs. 2.96, P<0.001 and 3.84 vs. 3.06, P<0.001; respectively). Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction had a significantly higher overall score compared to delayed breast reconstructions (3.84 vs. 2.94, P<0.001). Smoking and the time interval from radiation to reconstruction were found to affect aesthetic outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusions: Preservation of native mastectomy skin may allow for improved skin/scar quality, breast contour, and overall aesthetic outcomes following a delayed-immediate reconstructive algorithm as compared to delayed breast reconstruction.

Delayed versus Delayed-Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Blinded Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcomes

Albino, Frank P.,Patel, Ketan M.,Smith, Jesse R.,Nahabedian, Maurice Y. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3

Background The technique of delayed-immediate breast reconstruction includes immediate insertion of a tissue expander, post-mastectomy radiation, followed by reconstruction. The aesthetic benefits of delayed-immediate reconstruction compared to delayed reconstruction are postulated but remain unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare aesthetic outcomes in patients following delayed and delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who underwent delayed or delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction by the senior author from 2005 to 2011. Postoperative photographs were used to evaluate aesthetic outcomes: skin quality, scar formation, superior pole contour, inferior pole contour, and overall aesthetic outcome. Ten non-biased reviewers assessed outcomes using a 5-point Likert scale. Fisher's Exact and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparative analysis. Results Patient age and body mass index were similar between delayed (n=20) and delayed-immediate (n=20) cohorts (P>0.05). Skin and scar quality was rated significantly higher in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.74 vs. 3.05, P<0.001 and 3.41 vs. 2.79, P<0.001; respectively). Assessment of contour-related parameters, superior pole and inferior pole, found significantly improved outcomes in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.67 vs. 2.96, P<0.001 and 3.84 vs. 3.06, P<0.001; respectively). Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction had a significantly higher overall score compared to delayed breast reconstructions (3.84 vs. 2.94, P<0.001). Smoking and the time interval from radiation to reconstruction were found to affect aesthetic outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusions Preservation of native mastectomy skin may allow for improved skin/scar quality, breast contour, and overall aesthetic outcomes following a delayed-immediate reconstructive algorithm as compared to delayed breast reconstruction.

Measuring low-energy ( α , p ) reaction cross sections using an extended gas target and gas recirculator

Chae, K.Y.,Ahn, S.,Ayres, A.,Bardayan, D.W.,Bey, A.,Greife, U.,Howard, M.E.,Jones, K.L.,Kozub, R.L.,Matoš,, M.,Moazen, B.H.,Nesaraja, C.D.,O’Malley, P.D.,Peters, W.A.,Pittman, S.T.,Smith, M.S. Elsevier 2018 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.900 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Direct measurements of ( α , p ) reactions of astrophysical interest with radioactive beams presents serious challenges because of the difficult nature of helium targets and the typical low intensities of the beams. To address this, a new technique has been developed for measurements of low-energy ( α , p ) reactions with heavy ion beams using an extended <SUP> 4 </SUP> He gas target and a newly developed gas recirculating system. The system was used to measure the <SUP> 4 </SUP> He(<SUP>19</SUP>F, <SUP> 1 </SUP> H)<SUP>22</SUP>Ne reaction as a demonstration. Excitation functions of the <SUP>19</SUP>F( α , p )<SUP>22</SUP>Ne and <SUP>19</SUP>F( α , <SUP> p ′ </SUP> )<SUP>22</SUP>Ne <SUP> ∗ </SUP> reactions were successfully measured to show the viability of this technique. Details of the approach and future plans are given.</P>

Immobilization of 99-Technetium (VII) by Fe(II)-Goethite and Limited Reoxidation

Um, Wooyong,Chang, Hyun-Shik,Icenhower, Jonathan P.,Lukens, Wayne W.,Serne, R. Jeffrey,Qafoku, Nikolla P.,Westsik, Joseph H.,Buck, Edgar C.,Smith, Steven C. American Chemical Society 2011 Environmental science & technology Vol.45 No.11

<P>During the nuclear waste vitrification process volatilized <SUP>99</SUP>Tc will be trapped by melter off-gas scrubbers and then washed out into caustic solutions, and plans are currently being contemplated for the disposal of such secondary waste. Solutions containing pertechnetate [<SUP>99</SUP>Tc(VII)O<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP>] were mixed with precipitating goethite and dissolved Fe(II) to determine if an iron (oxy)hydroxide-based waste form can reduce Tc(VII) and isolate Tc(IV) from oxygen. The results of these experiments demonstrate that Fe(II) with goethite efficiently catalyzes the reduction of technetium in deionized water and complex solutions that mimic the chemical composition of caustic waste scrubber media. Identification of the phases, goethite + magnetite, was performed using XRD, SEM and TEM methods. Analyses of the Tc-bearing solid products by XAFS indicate that all of the Tc(VII) was reduced to Tc(IV) and that the latter is incorporated into goethite or magnetite as octahedral Tc(IV). Batch dissolution experiments, conducted under ambient oxidizing conditions for more than 180 days, demonstrated a very limited release of Tc to solution (2–7 μg Tc/g solid). Incorporation of Tc(IV) into the goethite lattice thus provides significant advantages for limiting reoxidation and curtailing release of Tc disposed in nuclear waste repositories.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2011/esthag.2011.45.issue-11/es104343p/production/images/medium/es-2010-04343p_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es104343p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Study of turbulent fluctuations driven by the electron temperature gradient in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

Mazzucato, E.,Bell, R.E.,Ethier, S.,Hosea, J.C.,Kaye, S.M.,LeBlanc, B.P.,Lee, W.W.,Ryan, P.M.,Smith, D.R.,Wang, W.X.,Wilson, J.R.,Yuh, H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2009 Nuclear fusion Vol.49 No.5

<P>Various theories and numerical simulations support the conjecture that the ubiquitous problem of anomalous electron transport in tokamaks may arise from a short-scale turbulence driven by the electron temperature gradient. To check whether this turbulence is present in plasmas of the National Spherical Torus Experiment, measurements of turbulent fluctuations were performed with coherent scattering of electromagnetic waves. Results from plasmas heated by high harmonic fast waves show the existence of density fluctuations in the range of wave numbers <I>k</I><SUB>⊥</SUB>ρ<SUB>e</SUB> = 0.1–0.4, corresponding to a turbulence scale length of the order of the collisionless skin depth. Experimental observations and agreement with numerical results from the linear gyro-kinetic GS2 code indicate that the observed turbulence is driven by the electron temperature gradient. These turbulent fluctuations were not observed at the location of an internal transport barrier driven by a negative magnetic shear.</P>

Size-dependent vibronic coupling in α-Fe₂O₃

O'Neal, K. R.,Patete, J. M.,Chen, P.,Holinsworth, B. S.,Smith, J. M.,Lee, N.,Cheong, S.-W.,Wong, Stanislaus S.,Marques, C.,Aronson, M. C.,Musfeldt, J. L. American Institute of Physics 2014 The Journal of chemical physics Vol.141 No.4

<P>We report the discovery of finite length scale effects on vibronic coupling in nanoscale alpha-Fe2O3 as measured by the behavior of vibronically activated d-d on-site excitations of Fe3+ as a function of size and shape. An oscillator strength analysis reveals that the frequency of the coupled symmetry-breaking phonon changes with size, a crossover that we analyze in terms of increasing three-dimensional character to the displacement pattern. These findings demonstrate the flexibility of mixing processes in confined systems and suggest a strategy for both enhancing and controlling charge-lattice interactions in other materials. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.</P>

24Mg(p, α)21Na Reaction Study for Spectroscopy of 21Na

차수미,K. Y. Chae,김아람,E. J. Lee,S. Ahn,D. W. Bardayan,K. A. Chipps,J. A. Cizewski,M. E. Howard,B. Manning,P. D. O’Malley,A. Ratkiewicz,S. Strauss,R. L. Kozub,M. Matos,S. D. Pain,S. T. Pittman,M. S. Smith 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.8

The 24Mg(p, α)21Na reaction was measured at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in order to better constrain the spins and parities of the energy levels in 21Na for the astrophysically important 17F(α, p)20Ne reaction rate calculation. 31-MeV proton beams from the 25-MV tandem accelerator and enriched 24Mg solid targets were used. Recoiling 4He particles from the 24Mg(p, α)21Na reaction were detected by a highly segmented silicon detector array which measured the yields of 4He particles over a range of angles simultaneously. A new level at 6661 ± 5 keV was observed in the present work. The extracted angular distributions for the first four levels of 21Na and the results from distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations were compared to verify and extract the angular momentum transfer.

Wind-induced fatigue loading of tubular steel lighting columns

Robertson, A.P.,Hoxey, R.P.,Short, J.L.,Burgess, L.R.,Smith, B.W.,Ko, R.H.Y. Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.2

Two 12 m high tubular steel lighting columns have been instrumented to determine the wind-induced fatigue loading experienced by such columns. Each column supported a single luminaire mounted on a 0.5 m long bracket. One column was planted in soil, and the other bolted through a welded baseplate to a substantial concrete base. The columns were strain gauged just above the shoulder weld which connected the main shaft to the larger base tube. Forced vibration tests were undertaken to determine the natural frequencies and damping of the columns. Extensive recordings were made of response to winds with speeds from 4 m/s to 17 m/s. Selected records were analysed to obtain stress cycle counts and fatigue lives. Mean drag coefficients were also derived from the strain data to investigate experimentally the effect of Reynolds Number.

Searching for Resonances in the Unbound 6Be Nucleus by Using a Radioactive 7Be Beam

채경육,D. W. Bardayan,J. C. Blackmon,M. S. Smith,A. E. Champagne,J. J. Das,R. P. Fitzgerald,D. W. Visser,V. Guimaraes,K. L. Jones,S. D. Pain,J. S. Thomas,M. S. Johnson,R. L. Kozub,R. J. Livesay,Z. Ma,C. 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.11

Knowledge of the ³He(³He,²<i>p</i>)⁴He reaction is important for understanding stellar burning and solar neutrino production. Previous measurements have found a surprisingly large rise in the cross section at low energies that could be due to a low-energy resonance in the ³He + ³He (⁶Be) system or electron screening. In the ⁶Be nucleus, however, no excited states have been observed above the first 2⁺ state at <i>E_x</i> = 1.67 MeV up to 23 MeV, even though several are expected. The ²H(⁷Be,³H)⁶Be reaction has been studied for the first time to search for resonances in the ⁶Be nucleus that may affect our understanding of the ³He(³He,²<i>p,</i>)⁴He reaction. A 100-MeV radioactive ⁷Be beam from the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) was used to bombard CD₂ targets, and tritons were detected by using the silicon detector array (SIDAR). A combination of reaction mechanisms appears to be necessary to explain the observed triton energy spectrum.