중국 돈황벽화와 전통 애니메이션에서 표현된 유가미학 사상에 관한 연구 -중국 애니메이션 〈구색록(九色鹿)〉 작품을 중심으로-

류철천(Liu Zhe-qian),염준영(Yeom Jun-young) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2021 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.64

중국 전통 사상은 민족의 정신적, 예술적, 문화에 깊은 영향을 주어왔고 중국 예술의 여러 장르 중에서 고대의 문자와 형상이 어우러지는 예술적 형태로 발견되었으며 그 내면에는 중국 전통사상인 유가 사상이 바탕이 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 중국 고대 돈황벽화 〈녹왕본생〉에 나타난 중국의 유가미학 사상의 연구를 통해 중국 애니메이션 작품에 표현된 사상적 특징을 조명해 보고자 한다. 분석 작품으로 중국 상해 애니메이션 필름 스튜디오에서 제작한 애니메이션 〈구색록〉 작품을 연구하였다. 이 작품은 중국 유가미학 사상의 특징을 현대적 이미지와 영상언어로 풀어낸 중국 전통 애니메이션의 이정표가 된 작품이다. 작품분석을 위해서 기존 유가미학 연구 성과들이 전제하고 있는 유가의 미학 사상을 문헌법, 이미지 고증법, 비교 분석법을 통해 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 특징을 알 수 있었다. 유가사상은 윤리화된 미학이며, 예술의 사회적 기능을 강조하는 공자의 미학 사상이 보수적이고, 실용적인 이성적 아름다움이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이런 표현방식의 특징은 애니메이션 〈구색록〉 작품의 캐릭터 디자인을 통해 애니메이션 시나리오의 서사적 구조에서도 군신과 부자간의 윤리·도덕을 준수하여 ‘미’와 ‘선’의 통일을 이루었다. 공자가 정색과 정덕을 강조하여 순수한 색으로 사회의 윤리와 질서를 상징하였고 이런 특징은 애니메이션 속의 인물과 배경의 색상에 표현되어 기호적 역할을 하였다. 이러한 묘사를 통해 인물의 선과 악을 확연히 알아볼 수 있으며 불교의 이미지와 유가의 미학이 내적으로 서사에 의한 풍자 표현 방식을 볼 수 있었다. 본 고에서는 이러한 관점에서 중국 애니메이션 〈구색록〉을 사례로 애니메이션의 형식 및 내용에 대한 캐릭터 디자인, 색채, 화면구도 등의 분석을 통해 유가의 ‘이성미’, ‘윤리미’, ‘조화미’등의 미학 사상을 해석하고, 각각의 미개념에 전승되는 중국 전통 애니메이션에 대한 의미와 특성, 작품에 대한 분석현황 등을 고찰하였다. Traditional thoughts of China have had profound influences on the spiritual, artistic fields, and culture of the Chinese people, and have been found as artistic forms in which ancient characters and figures harmonize among various genres of Chinese arts. The Confucian thoughts, a traditional Chinese ideology, has been the basis for such backgrounds. This paper aims to investigate the ideological characteristics expressed in Chinese animation works, through a study on the Chinese Confucian Aesthetics shown in the ancient Chinese paintings, Donhwang mural 〈The Nine-colored deer Jataka 〉. For this purpose, the animation 〈The Nine-color-deer Story〉 produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio was analyzed. This work has become a milestone in traditional Chinese animation that expresses the characteristics of Chinese Confucian Aesthetics with modern images and visual languages. As a result of analyzing the work through the literature research, historical research of images, and comparative analysis method, the following characteristics were found; Confucian thought is an ethical aesthetic, and Confucius’ aesthetic thought that emphasizes the social function of art has conservative and practical, rational beauties. The characteristic of such expression could be seen through the character designs of the animation 〈The Nine-color-deer Story〉. Even in the narrative structure of the animation scenario, “beauty” and “goodness” were in harmony while observing the ethics and morality between the ruler and the ruled, father and son. Confucius symbolized social ethics and order with pure colors, emphasizing purity and virtues, and such characteristics were expressed in the colors of the characters and backgrounds in the animation and played a symbolic role. Through such representations, the good and evil of the characters can be clearly recognized, and the images of Buddhism and the aesthetics of Confucianism can be seen in the way of satirical expression through narrative internally. From this point of view, this study took the Chinese animation 〈The Nine-color-deer Story〉 as an example, and analyzed the character designs, colors, and screen composition in terms of the animation’s form and contents. As a result, it was noted that the aesthetic ideas of Confucian Aesthetics such as “rationality,” “ethnics,” and “harmony” were applied and interpreted in the work. In addition, the meaning and characteristics of traditional Chinese animation transmitted to each beauty concept, as well as the current state of analysis on the work were investigated.

Torsion strength of single-box multi-cell concrete box girder subjected to combined action of shear and torsion

Qian Wang,Wenliang Qiu,Zhe Zhang 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.55 No.5

A model has been proposed that can predict the ultimate torsional strength of single-box multicell reinforced concrete box girder under combined loading of bending, shear and torsion. Compared with the single-cell box girder, this model takes the influence of inner webs on the distribution of shear flow into account. According to the softening truss theory and thin walled tube theory, a failure criterion is presented and a ultimate torsional strength calculating procedure is established for single-box multi-cell reinforced concrete box girder under combined actions, which considers the effect of tensile stress among the concrete cracks, Mohr stress compatibility and the softened constitutive law of concrete. In this paper the computer program is also compiled to speed up the calculation. The model has been validated by comparing the predicted and experimental members loaded under torsion combined with different ratios of bending and shear. The theoretical torsional strength was in good agreement with the experimental results.

New ZVZCT Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Using Coupled Inductors

Qian, Wei,Zhang, Xi,Li, Zhe,Jin, Wenqiang,Wiedemann, Jochen The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.1

In this study, a novel zero voltage zero current transition (ZVZCT) bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed by employing coupled inductors. This converter can turn the main switch on at ZVZCT and it can turn it off with zero voltage switching (ZVS) for both the boost and buck modes. These characteristics are obtained by using a simple auxiliary sub-circuit regardless of the power flow direction. In the boost mode, the auxiliary switch achieves zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on and ZVS turn off. Due to the coupling inductors, this converter can make further efficiency improvements because the resonant energy in the capacitor or inductor can be transferred to the load. The main diode operates with ZVT turn-on and ZCS turn-off in the boost mode. For the buck mode, there is a releasing circuit to conduct the currents generated by the magnetic flux leakage to the output. The auxiliary switch turns on with ZCS and it turns off with ZVT. The main diode also turns on with ZVT and turns off with ZCS. The design method and operation principles of the converter are discussed. A 500 W experimental prototype has been built and verified by experimental results.

A Low Latency, Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Li, Zhe-tao,Chen, Qian,Zhu, Geng-ming,Choi, Young-june,Sekiya, Hiroo SAGE Publications 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWOR Vol.2015 No.-

New ZVZCT Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Using Coupled Inductors

Wei Qian,Xi Zhang,Zhe Liu,Wenqiang Jin,Jochen Wiedemann 전력전자학회 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.1

In this study, a novel zero voltage zero current transition (ZVZCT) bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed by employingcoupled inductors. This converter can turn the main switch on at ZVZCT and it can turn it off with zero voltage switching (ZVS)for both the boost and buck modes. These characteristics are obtained by using a simple auxiliary sub-circuit regardless of thepower flow direction. In the boost mode, the auxiliary switch achieves zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on and ZVS turn off. Due to the coupling inductors, this converter can make further efficiency improvements because the resonant energy in thecapacitor or inductor can be transferred to the load. The main diode operates with ZVT turn-on and ZCS turn-off in the boostmode. For the buck mode, there is a releasing circuit to conduct the currents generated by the magnetic flux leakage to the output. The auxiliary switch turns on with ZCS and it turns off with ZVT. The main diode also turns on with ZVT and turns off withZCS. The design method and operation principles of the converter are discussed. A 500 W experimental prototype has been builtand verified by experimental results.

Influence of Force Loading Methods on the Prediction Accuracy of Electromagnetic Vibration and Noise in Electric Motors with Different Pole/Slot Combinations

Deng Wenzhe,Qian Zhe,Chen Wei,Qian Cheng,Wang Qunjing 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3

This study investigates the infuence of three force loading methods on the prediction accuracy of electromagnetic vibration and noise in electric motors with diferent pole/slot combinations. The calculation approach of diferent electromagnetic force loading methods is frstly deduced and analyzed. Then, a multi-physics model for vibration and noise prediction is established and validated with a noise test. Finally, electric motors with three pole/slot combinations are selected, and the electromagnetic noise predicted by diferent force loading methods is compared. The results show that distributed force loading method of the electromagnetic force leads to a more accurate solution to the acoustic noise, even if the concentrated force considers the equivalent force couple produced by the translation of the nodal force action point. This study can provide guidance for the design of low-noise electric motors.

In situ growth of hollow Cu2O spheres using anionic vesicles as soft templates

Xiaolin Luo,Zhe Pan,Fei Pei,Zhipeng Jin,Kangkang Miao,Pengfei Yang,Huaming Qian,Qiang Chen,Guodong Feng 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.59 No.-

Geometrically optimizing anionic vesicles were fabricated using two types of anionic surfactants with antipodal molecular configuration. The influence of counterions on the anionic vesicles was systematically investigated to maintain electrostatic interaction between the anionic vesicles and the precursors, as well as to ensure the structural integrity of the vesicle templates. The transcription from vesicles to hollow Cu2O spheres was achieved through an in situ reduction approach. The obtained hollow Cu2O spheres were assembled by abundant nanoparticles around the vesicle interface and showed preferable adsorption capacity for methyl orange in the dark compared with the solid Cu2O spheres synthesized without any surfactants.

Selection signature reveals genes associated with susceptibility loci affecting respiratory disease due to pleiotropic and hitchhiking effect in Chinese indigenous pigs

Xu, Zhong,Sun, Hao,Zhang, Zhe,Zhang, Cheng-Yue,Zhao, Qing-bo,Xiao, Qian,Olasege, Babatunde Shittu,Ma, Pei-Pei,Zhang, Xiang-Zhe,Wang, Qi-Shan,Pan, Yu-Chun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.2

Objective: Porcine respiratory disease is one of the most important health problems causing significant economic losses. To understand the genetic basis for susceptibility to swine enzootic pneumonia (EP) in pigs, we detected 102,809 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a total of 249 individuals based on genome-wide sequencing data. Methods: Genome comparison of susceptibility to swine EP in three pig breeds (Jinhua, Erhualian, and Meishan) with two western lines that are considered more resistant (Duroc and Landrace) using cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity and F-statistic (F_ST) statistical approaches identified 691 positively selected genes. Based on quantitative trait loci, gene ontology terms and literature search, we selected 14 candidate genes that have convincible biological functions associated with swine EP or human asthma. Results: Most of these genes were tested by several methods including transcription analysis and candidate genes association study. Among these genes: cytochrome P450 1A1 and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) are involved in fertility; transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 plays a role in meat quality traits; Wnt family member 2, CTNNB1 and transcription factor 7 take part in adipogenesis and fat deposition simultaneously; plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (completely linked to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, r² = 1) plays an essential role in the successful ovulation of matured oocytes in pigs; colipase like 2 (strongly linked to SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor, r² = 0.848) is involved in male fertility. Conclusion: These adverse genes susceptible to swine EP may be selected while selecting for economic traits (especially reproduction traits) due to pleiotropic and hitchhiking effect of linked genes. Our study provided a completely new point of view to understand the genetic basis for susceptibility or resistance to swine EP in pigs thereby, provides insight for designing sustainable breed selection programs. Finally, the candidate genes are crucial due to their potential roles in respiratory diseases in a large number of species, including human.

Analysis on Survival and Prognostic Factors for Cancer Patients with Malignancy-associated Hypercalcemia

Zhang, Su-Jie,Hu, Yi,Cao, Jing,Qian, Hai-Li,Jiao, Shun-Chang,Liu, Zhe-Feng,Tao, Hai-Tao,Han, Lu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Objective: To explore the incidence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies, prognosis of patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAH). Methods: The data of 115 patients with MAH who were treated at the Medical Oncology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Jan., 2001 to Dec., 2010 was retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model with statistic software SPSS 18.0. Results: The patients had blood calcium levels ranging from 2.77 to 4.87 mmol/L. Except for 9 cases who died or were discharged within 5 days after admission, all other patients recovered to normal blood calcium level after treatment with bisphosphonates or intravenous hydration and diuretics; their survival after occurrence of MAH was from 1 day to 4,051 days, and the median survival time was only 50 days. In the log-rank test, the male, renal metastasis, central nervous system symptoms and hypercalcemia occurring over 140 days after cancer diagnosis were predictors of poor survival (P=0.002, P=0.046, P=0.000, P=0.009). In the COX analysis, being male, central nervous system symptoms and hypercalcemia lasting over 140 days after cancer diagnosis were independent prognostic factors for survival time (RR=2.131, P=0.027; RR=3.054, P=0.002; RR=2.403, P=0.001). According to these factors, a score system was established to predict the patient prognosis and adjust the treatment. Conclusion: Cancer patients with MAH have an extremely poor median survival. Some independent factors indicate poor prognosis, including male gender, central nervous system symptoms and hypercalcemia lasting over 140 days after cancer diagnosis. The prognostic score can serve as a reference for MAH prognosis and treatment, worthy of further investigation.

Expression and Significance of ER, PR, VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in Judging the Prognosis of Breast Cancer

Zhang, Su-Jie,Hu, Yi,Qian, Hai-Li,Jiao, Shun-Chang,Liu, Zhe-Feng,Tao, Hai-Tao,Han, Lu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CA15-3, CA125 and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) expression in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients with breast cancer undergoing operations in the general surgery department were considered as the observation group, and 50 healthy outpatients of our hospital as the control group. Cubital venous blood was drawn in the morning from fasting patients in the two groups and chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect the levels of CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in serum. The follow-up duration was from 4 months to 2 years, and change in levels of the indicators was detected by dynamically drawing blood. After surgery, cancer tissue samples of patients in observation group remained on file (the non-recurrent patients were biopsied). Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of ER, PR and VEGF in tissue. Results: The effective rate of 12 patients with negative ER and PR expression was 33.3% in the observation group, being associated with prognosis to varying extents. Serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in the observation group were all significantly higher than in control group (p<0.01). With increase in pathological staging, levels of serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA gradually increased (p<0.01). Levels in patients with lymph node metastasis were markedly higher than in those without (p<0.01). In addition, values with distal lymph node metastasis were notably higher than with adjacent lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). The postoperative follow-up results revealed that positive VEGF and levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in recurrence group were obviously higher than in non-recurrence group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Joint detection of ER and PR expression as well as levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA is meaningful and can guide the diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.