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Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: Eastern and Western perspectives
Yvonne Purcell,Pauline Copin,Luisa Paulatto,Romain Pommier,Valérie Vilgrain,Maxime Ronot 대한초음파의학회 2019 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.38 No.3
Eastern and Western guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are known to significantly differ on many points, because they reflect different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this cancer. Importantly, these guidelines are primarily consensusdriven when it comes to surveillance, both in term of the tests used and surveillance program design. The main difference between East and West lies in clinical practice, as several Eastern countries implement coordinated and systematic surveillance programs, while most Western countries rely on individual adherence to surveillance recommendations. This review article presents an overview of the evidence supporting surveillance programs for HCC, with a particular focus on the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and consequences of this approach for patient survival. Western and Eastern guideline recommendations are discussed.
Design Techniques For A PAL/NTSC Mixed-Signal Video Encoder With 66dB SNR & 0.4% Differential Gain
Cummins, Tim,Purcell, John 대한전자공학회 1996 APCCAS:Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits And Sys Vol.1 No.1
This paper describes the integration of ASIC and Mixed Signal design and simulation techniques in the design of s Mixed-Signal Digital Video Encoder chip which produces an analog output video signal. The result was fast time to market together with studio quality analog video output performance - 66dB typ SNR, 0.4% Differential Gain and 0.2 Differential Phase. A fully-automated design flow was used fur the entire logic functionality of the chip in order to meet time-to-market requirements. Low die cost (compatible with hand-craft techniques) was achieved by agressive use of CAD tools, process technology, and filter design techniques. Full functionality on first silicon was achieved by use of standard cell DACs, pads, Amplifier, and Band-Gap reference, and the use of a simulation test-bench which allowed frames of video to be simulated by the chip model, and the resultant simulation output to be captured and viewed on a video monitor. Some of the practical aspects of timing analysis and dynamic power estimation are also described.
Optical effects of anti-glare films on a dual-view display
C.R. Evans,S. Purcell,D. Gullick,P. Weindorf,J. Krier 한국정보디스플레이학회 2016 Journal of information display Vol.17 No.1
The effects of different anti-glare films on an 8-inch dual-view display were investigated. To quantify the display performance, the image sharpness, speckle, and crosstalk were evaluated. The image sharpness and sparkle were first measured, and the obtained values were compared with the results of a jury appraisal for devising acceptance levels. For image sparkle, it was found that the standard deviation for the individual pixel luminance must be less than 40 to be acceptable to the user. Finally, it was found that the crosstalk of the display needs to be less than 0.5 to be unnoticeable and less than 1.0 to be acceptable.
Role of Esophageal High-Resolution Manometry in Pediatric Patients
Noparat Prachasitthisak,Michael Purcell,Usha Krishnan 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.4
Purpose: Dysphagia, vomiting and feeding difficulties are common symptoms, with which children present. Esophageal function testing with high resolution manometry can help in diagnosing and treating these patients. We aim to access the clinical utility of high-resolution manometry of esophagus in symptomatic pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done on all symptomatic patients who underwent esophageal high-resolution manometry between 2010 and 2019 at Sydney Children’s Hospital, Australia. Manometry results were categorized based on Chicago classification. Demographic data, indication of procedure, manometric findings, and details of treatment changes were obtained and analyzed. Results: There were 62 patients with median age of 10 years (9 months–18 years). The main indication for the procedure was dysphagia (56%). Thirty-two percent of patients had a co-morbid condition, with esophageal atresia accounting for 16%. The majority (77%) of patients had abnormal manometry which included, ineffective esophageal motility in 45.2%. In esophageal atresia cohort, esophageal pressurization was seen in 50%, aperistalsis in 40% and 10% with prior fundoplication had esophago-gastric junction obstruction. Patients with esophago-gastric junction obstruction or achalasia were treated by either pneumatic dilation or Heller’s myotomy. Patients with ineffective esophageal motility and rumination were treated with a trial of prokinetics/dietary texture modification and diaphragmatic breathing. Conclusion: Esophageal high-resolution manometry has a role in the evaluation of symptomatic pediatric patients. The majority of our patients had abnormal results which led to change in treatments, with either medication, surgery and/or feeding modification with resultant improvement in symptoms.
Park, J W,Moon, C H,Harmache, A,Wargo, A R,Purcell, M K,Bremont, M,Kurath, G Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of fish diseases Vol.34 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Previously, we demonstrated that a representative M genogroup type strain of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from rainbow trout grows well in rainbow trout‐derived RTG‐2 cells, but a U genogroup type strain from sockeye salmon has restricted growth, associated with reduced genome replication and mRNA transcription. Here, we analysed further the mechanisms for this growth restriction of U‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells, using strategies that assessed differences in viral genes, host immune regulation and phosphorylation. To determine whether the viral glycoprotein (G) or non‐virion (NV) protein was responsible for the growth restriction, four recombinant IHNV viruses were generated in which the G gene of an infectious IHNV clone was replaced by the G gene of U‐ or M‐type IHNV and the NV gene was replaced by NV of U‐ or M‐type IHNV. There was no significant difference in the growth of these recombinants in RTG‐2 cells, indicating that G and NV proteins are not major factors responsible for the differential growth of the U‐ and M‐type strains. Poly I:C pretreatment of RTG‐2 cells suppressed the growth of both U‐ and M‐type IHNV, although the M virus continued to replicate at a reduced level. Both viruses induced type 1 interferon (IFN1) and the IFN1 stimulated gene Mx1, but the expression levels in M‐infected cells were significantly higher than in U‐infected cells and an inhibitor of the IFN1‐inducible protein kinase PKR, 2‐aminopurine (2‐AP), did not affect the growth of U‐ or M‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells. These data did not indicate a role for the IFN1 system in the restricted growth of U‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells. Prediction of kinase‐specific phosphorylation sites in the viral phosphoprotein (P) using the NetPhosK program revealed differences between U‐ and M‐type P genes at five phosphorylation sites. Pretreatment of RTG‐2 cells with a PKC inhibitor or a p38MAPK inhibitor did not affect the growth of the U‐ and M‐type viruses. However, 100 μ<SMALL>m</SMALL> of the casein kinase II (CKII) inhibitor, 5,6‐dichloro‐1‐β‐<SMALL>d</SMALL>‐ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), reduced the titre of the U type 8.3‐fold at 24 h post‐infection. In contrast, 100 μ<SMALL>m</SMALL> of the CKII inhibitor reduced the titre of the M type only 1.3‐fold at 48 h post‐infection. Our data suggest that the different growth of U‐ and M‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells may be linked to a differential requirement for cellular protein kinases such as CKII for their growth.</P>