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Pramod,김판석 한국아시아학회 2016 아시아연구 Vol.19 No.2
Race and gender, ethnicity and disability are all social problems related to diversity. And sexual orientation is being raised as a hot issue around the world. Public sector organizations are very slow in adopting such changes as the law of anti-discrimination law enacted for addressing the alienation issues that many of minority groups face. The management of human resources needs some effective strategies to meet the rights of sexual minorities who have been excluded from society for a very long time. The sexual minorities of Nepal are not much different as an isolated group in that many of whom are living at or below the poverty line. The government policy for the law enforcement of anti-discrimination hence should be urgently carried out in order for them to enjoy their basic rights without bias. The Nepalese Constitution was amended in 2015, protecting the human rights substantial to sexual minorities. Through analyzing the current status of sexual minorities in Nepal, this paper proposes that the Nepalese public sector provides them fine jobs, whereby becoming a desirable model for the private sectors in creating a variety of work opportunities and employments for them.
Pramod Kumar(Pramod Kumar ),Prasanth T(Prasanth T ),Satisha TS(Satisha TS ),Nitin Gupta(Nitin Gupta ),Sumita Manandhar(Sumita Manandhar ) 대한치과이식임플란트학회 2022 The Korean Academy of Implant Dentistry Vol.41 No.3
Immediate implant placement is the current modality to provide implant placement following tooth extraction. Immediate implants in posterior multirooted teeth pose challenges in terms of proper angulation and parallelism. Engaging the inter-radicular septal bone provides the advantage of primary stability. Osteotomy site preparation through the septal bone with roots of the natural teeth as a guide provides a precise osteotomy procedure with minimal collateral damage to the adjacent area. This case series aimed to assess the success of immediate implant placement in posterior multirooted teeth using the residual roots as anatomical guides. Three cases of grossly decayed posterior teeth were treated with immediate implant placement. The osteotomy site was prepared using the roots as surgical guides. Implant stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) immediately after placement and 6 months post-op. Healing was uneventful in all cases. Optimal implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of above 70 were achieved, which are suggestive of good primary stability. The desired angulation and parallelism were obtained by utilizing the residual roots as anatomical guides. Six months post-surgically, the patient presented with healthy peri-implant tissue and successful osseointegration. Root-guided implant placement is a novel technique wherein residual roots provide a surgical guide for the placement of immediate implants in multirooted posterior teeth.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors: recent progress and potential biomarkers
Pramod Darvin,Salman M. Toor,Varun Sasidharan Nair,Eyad Elkord 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-
Cancer growth and progression are associated with immune suppression. Cancer cells have the ability to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions. Monoclonal antibodies that target immune checkpoints provided an immense breakthrough in cancer therapeutics. Among the immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors showed promising therapeutic outcomes, and some have been approved for certain cancer treatments, while others are under clinical trials. Recent reports have shown that patients with various malignancies benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. However, mainstream initiation of immune checkpoint therapy to treat cancers is obstructed by the low response rate and immune-related adverse events in some cancer patients. This has given rise to the need for developing sets of biomarkers that predict the response to immune checkpoint blockade and immune-related adverse events. In this review, we discuss different predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors, including immune cells, PD-L1 overexpression, neoantigens, and genetic and epigenetic signatures. Potential approaches for further developing highly reliable predictive biomarkers should facilitate patient selection for and decision-making related to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies.