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Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam: Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges
Hoang, Van Minh,Tran, Thu Ngan,Vu, Quynh Mai,Nguyen, Thi Tuyet My,Le, Hong Chung,Vu, Duy Kien,Tran, Tuan Anh,Nguyen, Bao Ngoc,Vu, Van Giap,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Kim, Bao Giang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1
In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.
Deep Q-Learning–Based Resource Allocation for Solar-powered Users in Cognitive Radio Networks
Hoang Thi Huong Giang,Pham Duy Thanh,구인수 한국통신학회 2021 ICT Express Vol.7 No.1
This paper considers an uplink solar-powered cognitive radio networks (CRNs) where multiple secondary users (SUs) transmit data to a secondary base station (SBS) by sharing a licensed channel of a primary system. A deep Q-learning (DQL) algorithm, which combines non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) techniques, is proposed to maximize the long-term throughput of the system. By using our scheme, the agent (i.e. the SBS) can obtain the optimal decision by interacting with the environment to learn about system dynamics. Simulation results validate the superiority of the performance under the proposed scheme, compared with traditional schemes.
REVIEWS : What we know about nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity
( Duy Le Pham ),( Ji Hye Kim ),( Tu Hoang Kim Trinh ),( Hae Sim Park ) 대한내과학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.31 No.3
Nonsteroidal anti-inf lammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but their use is frequently related to hypersensitivity reactions. This review outlines our current knowledge of NSAID hypersensitivity (NHS) with regard to its pathogenic, molecular, and genetic mechanisms, as well as diagnosis and treatment. The presentation of NHS varies from a local (skin and/or airways) reaction to systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. At the molecular level, NHS reactions can be classified as cross-reactive (mediated by cyclooxygenase inhibition) or selective (specific activation of immunoglobulin E antibodies or T cells). Genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic factors have been shown to be closely associated with NHS, and may be useful as predictive markers. To diagnose NHS, inhalation or oral challenge tests are applied, with the exclusion of any cross-reactive NSAIDs. For patients diagnosed with NHS, absolute avoidance of NSAIDs/aspirin is essential, and pharmacological treatment, including biologics, is often used to control their respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. Finally, desensitization is recommended only for selected patients with NHS. However, further research is required to develop new diagnostic methods and more effective treatments against NHS.
Integrated Photoelectrolysis of Water Implemented On Organic Metal Halide Perovskite Photoelectrode
Hoang, Minh Tam,Pham, Ngoc Duy,Han, Ji Hun,Gardner, James M.,Oh, Ilwhan American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.19
<P>Herein we report on integrated photoelectrolysis of water employing organic metal halide (OMH) perovskite material. Generic OMH perovskite material and device architecture are highly susceptible to degradation by moisture and water. We found that decomposition of perovskite devices proceeds by water ingress through pinholes in upper layers and is strongly affected by applied bias/light and electrolyte pH. It was also found that a pinhole-free hole transport layer (HTL) could significantly enhance the stability of the perovskite photoelectrode, thereby extending the photoelectrode lifetime to several tens of minutes, which is an unprecedented record-long operation. Furthermore, a carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composite layer was developed that can effectively protect the underlying perovskite layer from electrolyte molecules.</P>
Van-Hoang Tran,Thanh-Huan Nguyen,Frédéric Plourde,Khanh-Duy Cong Do,Duy-Hung Chung,Cong-Truong Dinh,Gia-Diem Pham 한국유체기계학회 2023 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.16 No.2
In order to increase turbine efficiency while retaining structural integrity, modern jet engines need an effective cooling system. Pin-fin arrays play a significant role in the internal cooling system of the turbine blade. In examining the efficacy of cooling techniques using pin-fins, the other papers focus on pin-fin configurations. In contrast, the current study is a step toward optimizing cooling cascade endwalls for better maneuvering and reservation of vortices, which leads to more considerable heat transfer near the endwalls. This study examines the flow field and heat transfer of roughed endwall in the pin-fin channel, including varieties with flat endwall and extruded endwall. The heat transfer of the channel and pressure drop properties of the extruded endwall case are quantitatively assessed to contrast with those of the flat endwalls scenario for an intake Reynolds number range of 7400 to 36000. The leading and trailing surfaces of the channel are divided into five streamwise regions to understand better how well the pin-fins and endwalls transmit heat. The results show that the new endwall construction significantly increases the high heat transfer zones around the pin-fins compared to the flat endwall scenario. In the meantime, the heat transfer of the channel to the pin-fins is enhanced by the modified endwall configuration. The redesigned endwall outperformed the basic case regarding the HTEI, rising by 15.9%. It is found that the friction factor of the new design is increased due to the narrowing channel. However, due to their much higher heat transfer capacity, the HTEI of extruded endwall is up to 41.5% higher than the HTEI of the channel with flat endwalls. These results demonstrate that the heat transfer properties of pin-fins can be significantly improved by optimizing endwall design.
Influence of Overconfidence and Cash Flow on Investment in Vietnam
NGUYEN, Duy Van,DANG, Duong Quy,PHAM, Giang Hoang,DO, Du Kim Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.2
CEOs Overconfidence can bring potentially risky early decisions to businesses, along with large enterprise free cash flow that can bring different investment decisions with CEOs Overconfidence. Especially in the context of Vietnamese enterprises, CEOs are often influenced by behavioral psychology about overconfidence in investment decisions (due to individual cultural characteristics as well as operating financial markets also depend on many factors outside the market). Therefore, the authors study the impact of overconfidence and cash flow on investment in Vietnamese to find the internal relationship between these three factors in the financial environment in Vietnam. With 480 companies listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018 (companies have continuous reports), the regression analysis results with panel data (FEM, GLS models, correction of robust and GMM dealing with endogenous problems) have shown Overconfidence has a positive impact on investment. At the same time, the results also indicated that enterprises with overconfident CEOs and large cash flows tend to invest less than enterprises with low cash flow. The results of this study have shown the behavioral behavior of CEOs in Vietnamese enterprises that exist under both prospect theory and effective market theory.
The first years of liver transplantation: experiences at a single center
Phu Hong Pham,Nghia Phuoc Phan,Viet Doan Khac Tran,Viet Quoc Dang,Thuan Duc Nguyen,Long Cong Duy Tran,Bac Hoang Nguyen 대한이식학회 2022 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.36 No.2
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the first stages of progress in liver transplantation (LT) at a single center in Vietnam. Methods: This study analyzed data from patients and donors who participated in the LT program between August 2018 and December 2021 at University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City. Study measures included any difficulties encountered, as well as the post- LT outcomes for living donor LT (LDLT) and deceased donor LT (DDLT). The chi-square test and Kaplan Meier survival analysis were used to test the factors that influenced the outcomes. Results: A total of 18 adult recipients with LT (LDLT, n=16; DDLT, n=2) were included (mean age, 55.2±2.6 years; male, 88.9%). The most common post-LT complications were middle hepatic venous stenosis (20%) and graft rejection (22.2%). These compli- cations were observed in LDLT patients. For DDLT, graft rejection (50%) was the only complication recorded. The survival rates for recipients at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were 100%, 88.9%, and 88.9%, respectively. The LDs had their right livers without the middle hepatic veins harvested, and biliary leakage (6.25%) was the only complica- tion observed. There were no deaths among recipients or LDs during the operations or hospital stays. Conclusions: This study provides key details about the process of LT, and these positive outcomes support LT as an important therapy for end-stage liver disease and early he- patocellular carcinomas.