From Power to Biopower

Paul?Antoine Miquel 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.15 No.-

Unacceptable but Indispensable: Opium Law and Regulations in Guangdong, 1912-1936

Xavier Paulès 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.7

During most of the period from 1912 to 1936, Guangdong Province was independent from the central government. The local authorities there were facing a dilemma regarding opium, as others were elsewhere in China. On the one hand, opium was considered the symbol of China’s weakness, and its suppression was a top priority; on the other hand, opium taxes represented an indispensable source of fiscal income. Some Guangdong power holders were truly committed to a suppression agenda, especially from 1913 to 1924. During this period, with the exception of a brief interlude from 1915 to 1916, opium laws were prohibition laws. Even if these laws were not always enforced with full vigor, the drug remained illegal in Guangdong. After 1924, opium was legalized, and the authorities openly ruled an opium monopoly. They came out with increasingly comprehensive regulations, which proved successful in increasing opium revenues. Yet, as this article makes clear, there was nothing like direct government control: traditional tax-farming arrangements with local opium merchants (though under stricter supervision) remained the backbone of the monopoly. The article also pays attention to the influence of the Six-Year Plan (1935–1940) launched by the Nanking government. As a credible set of suppression laws, it appealed to the Guangdong progressive elites who were hostile to opium. They urged the local autocrat Chen Jitang to take similar action. Chen made attempts to launch his own plans for suppressing opium, but they were unconvincing and nothing concrete came out of them. This article suggests that, in order to obtain a better understanding of how easily Chen Jitang was driven out of power in the summer of 1936, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of the Six-Year Plan in undermining his legitimacy.

Issues in Hiriong People with Disabilities Expressed by Employers

Christina Kim,Heidi Paul 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

고용주의 장애인 고용에 대한 현안사항 탐색-미국 캘리포니아 지역을 중심으로 -Christina Kimm* Heidi Paul**이 연구는 장애인을 고용할 때 고용주가 갖는 기대와 문제점을 주목적으로 장애인의 고용률을 증가시킬 수 있는 요소가 무엇인지를 알아보고자 하는 연구이다 . 연구의 참가자는 미국 캘리포니아주 남부(남가주)에 사업체를 가지고 있는 2,000여 명의 고용주들에게 설문지를 보내어 약 665명으로부터 얻은 결과를 기록했다 . 참가자는 남가주 지역사회의 구성인원의 비율보다는 동양인과 히스패닉

축산폐수 처리시 연계처리 가능성과 미생물의 특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,현미희,김민정 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

The livestock waste which contains a high concentration of nutrients was operated by aerobic digestion process and activated sludge process in order to observe the characteristics of biological N·P elimination. In addition, this result was different form that of municipal waste-water because of a complicated reaction caused by the characteristics of highly concentrated waste-water. After an aerobic process was operated for 15datys(HRT), NO3-N increased from 175 ㎎/L in influent to 980㎎/L in effluent and dissolved P increased from 51㎎/L in influent to 143㎎/L in effluent. Consequently, the treatment of P and N cause a big economic problem during the second-stage operation. When effluent which goes through an aerobic process in the second-stage operation is continuously treated by activated sludge, this effluent with or without O_3 contacts is experimented. The sample analysis was carried out by the class filter. The elimination rate of organic materials is not quite different form that of N·P due to the fact that the concentration of dissolved organic materials is very low, compared to NBD. However, the reactor is generally stable because its influent contacts with O_3 and there are a variety of microorganisms when they are observed through a microscope.

타성상폐수의 주입이 하수처리효율에 미치는 영향

정팔진,곽동희,송탁식 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This study was to investigate the effects of dumping nightsoil, septage, and leachate to the activated sludge process receiving a mixture of sewage and industrial wastewater on its treatment performance. For the mixture of sewage and industrial wastewater, the overall removal efficiencies of BOD, COD and SS were 87.6%, 74.5% and 94.0% respectively. When the nightsoil and septage were dumped into the plant, the scum and foaming problems occurred at each stage of treatment unit. Direct dumping of the septage also induced the DO deficiencies in the aeration tanks, which resulted in a deflocculation problem in the secondary clarifiers. It may be favorite to pretreat it at the nightsoil treatment plant. When the leachate was dumped into the plant, the effluent qualities were highly fluctuating probably due to the presence of the toxic and inhibitory substances in it. It might be necessary to pretreat the raw leachate at the landfill site prior to dumping it into the plant.

용담댐 유역의 오염부하량과 수질특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

To investigate the water quality of the Yongdam dam, samples were collected 4 times during this study period at four stations each season. The water quality of the Youngdam as water temperature 20.1℃, pH 7.9, DO 10㎎/ℓ, BOD 2.1㎎/ℓ, SS 3.9㎎/ℓ, T-N 1.029㎎/ℓ, T-P 0.026㎎/ℓ was measured. This study was investigated for the pollution load of water quality in the basin of Yongdam. Pollution loading ; that BOD 27,646.7㎏/d, SS 104,508.5㎏/d, T-N 5,049㎏/d, and T-P 2,582㎏/d was estimated respectively. According to the inflowing stream loading, BOD loading was caused by livestock, population and land sequentially. SS, T-N, and T-P were contributed to livestock, population and land sequentially.

용담댐 유역 영양염의 연중, 계절적 변화 및 지역적 분포

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The water quality criteria of the Yongdam basin is polluted over second grade. Trophic state in the area indicate supper eutrophic state. This study was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of the nutrient, and to find the interrelationships among them, focusing upon the eutrophication in the Yongdam dam basin. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Nutrients was estimated as total nitrogen of 1.021∼1,034㎎/ℓ. 2. The trophic state was supper entrophic, and the state of DO level was supersaturation in spite of high organic loads from the each tributary. 3. The limiting factor of the reservoir is T-P, according to the criteria of eutrophication. 4. After Dam construction, T-P concentration of 26㎎/㎥ and Korea Trophic State Index of 50 were predicted.

간헐 혐기·호기공법에 의한 축산폐수의 처리에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,현미희,정진필 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The livestock waste which contains a high concentration of nutrients was operated by the continuous operation and anaerobic·aerobic process in order to observe the features of biological N, P reaction. As the characteristics of the livestock waste and Aiksang Busic Liquid were studied, the basic data of an efficient development of Aiksang Busic Liquide were suggested through the problems in a real operation. During the handling of livestock waste, the eliminating tendency of organic substats in a reactor and anaerobic·aerobic process were steady as same as SCODcr and TOC. The efflent SCODcr 1,575㎎/ℓ decreased to 820㎎/ℓ in an aerobic reactor. In addition, 52.2% of the efflent was eliminated and this figure indicated that the biological matters having the potential decomposition were completely decomposed. While the livestock waste was being handled by anaerobic·aerobic process, "24hr track study" was performed to measure "release-uptake rate" caused by poly-P organisms. The result of this study was quite different form the studies done before. Total N and dissolved N were hot released and these concentration sharply decreased during the anaerobic period. On the other hand, these concentration increased during the aerobic period.

Aik Sang Busik System내의 종속영양세균의 분포 및 특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,김성진,김민정 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Aik Sang Busik System(ASBS) was developmented in Japan. In currently, this system is operating at many night soil treatment plants in our country. The purpose of this study is to exame the effects of heterotrophic bacteria on the aeration basin of this system to remove organic compounds. As a result of tests, isolated heterotrophic bacteria are about 115 genes. The predominant gene is Acaligenus spp which about 32 percent of isolated genes. Because the floc foming bacteria of isolated heterotrophic bacteria are about 54 percent, a major removal mechanism for organic compounds in this system depends on the floc foming bacteria. The total amount of hetrotrophic bacteria is 2.32×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, which is a little lower than that in the activated sludge system. As liquid degradable heterotrophic bacteria are 1.57×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, carbohydrate degradable heterotrophic bacteria are 1.22×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖10^7, protein degradable heterotrophic bactera are 1.48×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, The distribution of liquid, protein, carbohydrate degradable heterotrophic bacteria are similar to that of the sludge system.

하상퇴적물의 오염실태 조사분석

정팔진,김민정,김종신 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1998 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed in order to investigate organic matters and nutrient contents of sediments in the Chonju-cheon. Sample were collected 2 times during this study period at two points. The results were as follows ; 1. The contents of volatile solids in the sediments were in the range of 1.3∼10%. 2. The contents of total nitrogen were in the range of 0.06∼0.36%. 3. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the sediments of the Chonju-cheon were in the range of 1.7∼2.8㎍/㎏ and 2.7∼2.99㎍/㎏, respectively. 4. Mean concentration of COD in the sediments were measured 18,871㎍/㎏ and 4,869㎍/㎏, respectively. Therefore, it is surveyed that sediments of the study area not yet polluted.