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흥미로운 구조를 가진 Dipyrrolylbenzene들의 합성에 관한 연구
정대일,김인식,정두희,박철우,김윤영 東亞大學校 大學院 1996 大學院論文集 Vol.21 No.-
1-(2-Aminophenyl)pyrrole 20a and 1,2-dipyrrolylbenzene 17a were synthesized by using 1,2-phenylenediamine 16a with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acid. 1-(3-Aminophenyl)pyrrole 20b and 1,3-dipyrrolylbenzene 17b were obtained by using 1,3-phenylenediamine 16b with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid. 1,4-Dipyrrolybenzene 17c was synthesized by using 1,4-phenylenediamine 16c with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid. Aminophenylpyrroles 20 and dipyrrolylbenzenes 17 were respectively synthesized by the treatment of 1,2-phenylenediamine 16a, 13-phenylenediamine 16b, 1,4-phenylenediamine 16c and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in no solvent, acrylic acid, silica-gel, acrylic acid + silica-gel + acetic acid instead of glacial acetic acid. In case of silica-gel + acetic acid among various methods reactivity about synthesis of dipyrrolylbenzene 17 was best. 9-Phenylcarbazole 15 was synthesized by treatment of 1-phenylpyrrole 13 with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid.
VFSMOD-w 모형과 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 식생여과대의 최적화
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),현근우 ( Geun Woo Hyun ) 한국물환경학회 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.2
Vegetative Filter Strip (VFS) is one of effective Best Management Practices (BMPs) to prevent sediment-laden water problem, is installed at the edge of source area such agricultural area so that sediment occurred in source area is trapped by VFS before it flow into stream or river. Appropriate scale of it needs to be simulated before it is installed, considering various field conditions. In this study, a model using VFSMOD-w model and Genetic Algorithm to determine effective VFS length was developed, it is available to calibrate input parameter related to source area sediment yield through thousands of VFSMOD-w simulations. Useful DBs, moreover, are stored in the model so that very specific input parameters can be used with reasonable values. Compared simulated values to observed data values for calibration, R2 and Nash-Stucliffe model efficiency coefficient were 0.74 and 0.65 in flow comparison, and 0.89 and 0.79 in sediment comparison. The model determined 1.0 m of Filter Length, 0.18 of Filter Slope, and 0.2 cm of Filter Media Spacing to reduce 80% of sediment by VFS. The model has not only Auto-Calibration module also DBs for specific input parameters, thus, the model is expected to be used for effective VFS scale.
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),( Larry Theller ),( Bernard A. Engel ) 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2014 No.-
The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model is a quick and straightforward analysis tool to estimate direct runoff and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. The model requires modest effort to collect input data and uses the Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number (SCS-CN) approach to estimate direct runoff. L-THIA was originally implemented as a spreadsheet application. GIS-based versions of L-THIA have been developed in ArcView 3 and upgraded to ArcGIS 9. However, a major upgrade was required for L-THIA to operate in the current version of ArcGIS and to provide more options in runoff and NPS estimation. An updated L-THIA interfaced with ArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1 has been developed in the study as an ArcGIS Desktop Add-in Model. The model provides a user-friendly interface, easy access to the model parameters, and an automated watershed delineation process. Also, the model allows use of precipitation data from multiple gauge locations for the watershed when a watershed is large enough to have more than one precipitation gauge station. The model was applied to a 4,410 square kilometer watershed in which seven precipitation gauge stations are located. The model estimated annual direct runoff well compared to separated direct runoff in the calibration and validation periods of ten and nine years. The NSE and R<sup>2</sup> for the calibration period were 0.59 and 0.62, and they were 0.72 and 0.84 for the validation period. The L-THIA GIS 2013, with a user-friendly interface and enhanced functions, is expected to be a decision support model requiring less effort for GIS processes or to be a useful educational hydrology model.
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.1
BACKGROUND: Water quality data are collected less frequently than flow data because of the cost to collect and analyze, while water quality data corresponding to flow data are required to compute pollutant loads or to calibrate other hydrology models. Regression models are applicable to interpolate water quality data corresponding to flow data. METHODS AND RESULTS: A regression model was suggested which is capable to consider flow and time variance, and the regression model coefficients were calibrated using various measured water quality data with genetic-algorithm. Both LOADEST and the regression using genetic-algorithm were evaluated by 19 water quality data sets through calibration and validation. The regression model using genetic-algorithm displayed the similar model behaviors to LOADEST. The load estimates by both LOADEST and the regression model using genetic-algorithm indicated that use of a large proportion of water quality data does not necessarily lead to the load estimates with smaller error to measured load. CONCLUSION: Regression models need to be calibrated and validated before they are used to interpolate pollutant 37 loads, as separating water quality data into two data sets for calibration and validation.
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),김종건 ( Jonggun Kim ),김남원 ( Nam Won Kim ),( Bernie Engel ),신동석 ( Dong Seok Shin ),옥용식 ( Yong Sik Ok ),최중대 ( Joongdae Choi ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ) 한국농공학회 2009 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2009 No.-
In the last decade, many methods such as greet chamber, reservoir, or debris barrier, have been utilized to manage and prevent muddy water problem. The Vegetative Filter Strip (VFS) has been thought to be one of the most effective methods to trap sediment effectively. The VFS are usually installed at the edge of agricultural areas adjacent to stream or drainage ditches, and it has been shown that the VFS effectively removes pollutants transported with upland runoff. But, if the VFS is installed without any scientific analysis of rainfall-runoff characteristics, soil erosion, and sediment analysis, it may not reduce the sediment as much as expected. Although Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been used worldwide for many hydrologic and Non-Point Source Pollution (NPSP) analysis at a watershed scale. but it has many limitations in simulating the VFS. Because it considers only 'filter strip width' when the model estimates sediment trapping efficiency, and does not consider the routing of sediment with overland flow option which is expected to maximize the sediment trapping efficiency from upper agricultural subbasin to lower spatially-explicit filter strip. Therefore, the SWAT overland flow option between landuse-subbasins with sediment routing capability was enhanced with modifications in SWAT watershed configuration and SWAT engine. The enhanced SWAT can simulate the sediment trapping efficiency of the VFS in the similar way as the desktop VFSMOD-w system does. Also it now can simulate the effects of overland flow from upper subbasin to reflect the increased runoff volume at the receiving subbasin, which is what is occurring at the field if no diversion channel is installed. In this study, the enhanced SWAT model was applied to small watershed located at Jaun-ri in South Korea to simulate diversion channel and spatially-explicit VFS. It was found that approximately sediment can be reduced by 31%, 65%, 68%, with diversion channel, the VFS, and the VFS with diversion channel, respectively.
비점오염원 관리를 위한 국내 농경지 토양유실 예측 정확성 향상 방안
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),김종건 ( Jonggun Kim ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ) 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-
Soil erosion is one of major issues worldwide. Soils are valuable natural resources, however once it is transported into stream or river, it leads to water quality degradation. Therefore soil erosion needs to be controlled to prevent water body protection and to preserve as important resources. The Ministry of Environment in South-Korea enacted ‘A bulletin on the Survey of the Erosion of Topsoil’ in 2012 and implement the enforcement ordinance since 2013. The bulletin is based on Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in the procedures, but the approach is inappropriate for entire procedures due to inborn limitation of the equation. Therefore there is a need to revise the bulletin so that measured and estimated soil erosion can be compared. Korean Soil Loss Equation (KORSLE) was selected to estimate soil loss and was applied in the Four major watersheds to evaluate an approach to revise the bulletin. Since the KORSLE provides an opportunity to consider seasonal variance in the country, a revision for the bulletin is required to provide better accuracy on soil erosion estimation with recent rainfall condition and plant growth in agricultural areas.