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OATM/WDM Optical Access Network Using Header Decoder-Based Router for Next-Generation Communications
Park, Kihwan Optical Society of Korea 2016 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.20 No.3
We demonstrate an optical asynchronous transfer mode/wavelength division multiplexing (OATM/WDM) optical access network, using a router based on an optical header decoder to conduct next-generation communications. The router consists of a decoder or hardware analysis processing of the header bit and switches. The router in the OATM/WDM optical access network is a key technology by which to satisfy subscribers’ requests, including reliability, cost efficiency, high speed, large-capacity transmission, and elevated information security. In this study, we carry out experiments in which a header decoder delivers to 16 and 32 subscribers with a single wavelength in the router. These experiments confirm the decoder’s successful operation via hardware using 4 and 5 header bits. We propose that this system may significantly contribute toward the realization of an optical access network that provides high-quality service to subscribers of next-generation communications.
Kim, Kihwan,Park, Sunhong,Park, Ki-Min,Lee, Shim Sung American Chemical Society 2011 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.11 No.9
<P>Employing a solvothermal procedure and use of <I>p-tert-</I>butyl-thiacalix[4]arene tetraacetic acid (H<SUB>4</SUB><B>TCTA</B>) and the nitrate salts of cobalt(II) and cadmium(II) have enabled isolation of four three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (<B>1</B>–<B>4</B>) in the presence of three different types of neutral bridging coligands. In one case, <B>3</B>, a mixed metal ion system (Co<SUP>2+</SUP>/Na<SUP>+</SUP>) was obtained. First, the reaction of H<SUB>4</SUB><B>TCTA</B> with Co(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>·6H<SUB>2</SUB>O together with the linear bridging coligand BPY (4,4′-bipyridine) afforded a mixture of two 3D frameworks of types [Co<SUB>2</SUB>(<B>TCTA</B>)(BPY)]<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> (<B>1</B>) and [Co<SUB>2</SUB>(<B>TCTA</B>)(BPY)<SUB>2</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>4</SUB>]<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> (<B>2</B>). Compound <B>1</B> features a paddle-wheel unit incorporating Co<SUP>2+</SUP> pairs, Co<SUB>2</SUB>(carboxylate)<SUB>4</SUB>, involving four different <B>TCTA</B> units in two dimensions and BPY pillaring in the third. In <B>2</B>, 2D sheets consisting of BPY–Co repeating chains stacked in an A-B-A-B pattern are pillared by <B>TCTA</B> to yield the 3D motif. In the second reaction system, the use of H<SUB>4</SUB><B>TCTA</B> with Co(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>·6H<SUB>2</SUB>O in the presence of the bent bridging coligand BPPA (<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(pyridine-4-yl)-isophthalamine) and NaOH afforded {[Co<SUB>3</SUB>Na<SUB>2</SUB>(<B>TCTA</B>)<SUB>2</SUB>(BPPA)<SUB>2</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>]·4DMF·4H<SUB>2</SUB>O}<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> (<B>3</B>). In <B>3</B>, <B>TCTA</B> yields a honeycomb-shaped 2D sheet via Co–O(carboxylate) bonds; these sheets are linked by Co–O(carboxylate) and Co–(BPPA)–Co bridging bonds to afford the 3D motif. In this case, the Na atom locates inside the calix cavity in a distorted square planar coordination environment and is stabilized by η<SUP>3</SUP>-type cation···π interactions. In the third system, the use of H<SUB>4</SUB><B>TCTA</B> with Cd(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>·6H<SUB>2</SUB>O in the presence of the flexible bridging coligand diaminohexane (DAH) gave {[Cd<SUB>2</SUB>(<B>TCTA</B>)(DAH)(DMF)<SUB>2</SUB>]·2DMF·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O}<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> (<B>4</B>), which features an unusual PtS-like 3D structure. The results confirm that the nature of the extended 3D structures is influenced by the bridging coordination behavior of the coligands. In all these structures, the <B>TCTA</B> ligands adopt a 1,3-alternate conformation. Thermal gravimetric analysis performed on the present MOFs revealed that three of these compounds have high thermal stability (∼300 °C).</P><P>Use of <I>p-tert-</I>butyl-thiacalix[4]arene tetraacetic acid (H<SUB>4</SUB><B>TCTA</B>) enabled isolation of four 3D metal−organic frameworks (<B>1</B>−<B>4</B>) with Co(II) and Cd(II) in the presence of different types of bridging coligands.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2011/cgdefu.2011.11.issue-9/cg2006315/production/images/medium/cg-2011-006315_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg2006315'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
시험을 통한 한국형 고속전철 차량의 속도에 따른 실내소음 수준 분석
박찬경(Chankyoung Park),박춘수(Chunsu Park),김기환(Kihwan Kim),이억재(Ukjae Lee),나희승(Heeseong Na) 한국철도학회 2004 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
Korean High Speed Train (KHST) designed to operate at 350㎞/h has been tested on KyungBu high speed line since it was developed in 2002. The specification of the interior noise level for high speed train in Korea has been adopted through the contract between KHRC and Korea TGV consortium, not a national specification. But it can not be adopted to KHST designed at 350㎞/h because this has involved up to 300Km/h. Therefor, in this paper, the interior noise level at 350㎞/h are predicted in passenger car using the results at 300Km/h and these results show that the KHST"s interior noise levels are good up to 300Km/h but need to be reduced at 350Km/h in the view point of limit value at 300Km/h of the contract between KHRC and Korea TGV consortium. Also it proposed to make a national specification for the interior noise level to evaluate it in detail at 350Km/h.