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Effect of Gd Doping on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Cu-Zn-Fe$_2$O$_4$
P. Venkata Srinivasa Rao,T. Anjaneyulu,M. Rami Reddy 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.75 No.4
Ni$_{0.5}$Cu$_{0.25}$Zn$_{0.25}$Gd$_x$Fe$_{2-x}$O$_4$ ($x$ = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) ferrites were synthesized using an oxalic-based precursor method. A single phase Ni-Cu-Zn-Gd ferrite was observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data except for higher Gd content. For $x$ = 0.1, a secondary phase due GdFe$_2$O$_3$ was observed. The particle size was observed to decrease and the lattice constant to increase with increasing Gd doping concentration. The IR spectra confirmed the existence of bands corresponding to spinel ferrites. The IR band positions were observed to shift towards higher positions with increasing Gd doping concentration. The saturation magnetization, coercivity and remanence magnetization were observed to increase as a result of Gd doping. The substitution of Gd ions in the place of Fe ions resulted in changes in the structural and magnetic properties due to replacement of smaller ionic radii Fe ions by larger ionic radii Gd ions.
Design and Implementation of 64-Bit RISC Processor for Industry Automation
P. Devi Pradeep,D.Srinivasa Rao 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.1
In the era of industrialization, technological revolution reduced the intervention of humans to assist machinery. The privatization slogan has increased the competition among industries which leads to origin of new products/designs for automation. The paper presents, one such, design and implementation of 64-bit RISC processor on SOC for industry automation, mainly useful for packing of bottles in bottling plant. The design includes processor with BIST features; it is a mechanism that allows a machine to test itself. Here RISC processor is used to decrease the number of instructions and they execute the instruction at faster rate. Later the design is integrated on System on Chip (SoC) to obtain a single chip which reduces the overall power consumption. The design and synthesis is done by verilog and verified in cadence IUS and RTL compiler. The physical design is done by SoC encounter 11.10 version.
Babu, P,Jang, Kyoung Hyuk,Rao, Ch Srinivasa,Shi, Liang,Jayasankar, C K,Laví,n, Ví,ctor,Seo, Hyo Jin Optical Society of America 2011 Optics express Vol.19 No.3
<P>The radiative emission properties of the Dy<sup>3+</sup> ions in an oxyfluoride glass and glass-ceramics have been studied for the generation of white light. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the glass-ceramics shows the formation of CaF<sub>2</sub> fluorite-type nanocrystals in the glass matrix after a suitable thermal treatment of the precursor glass, whereas time-resolved optical measurements show the incorporation of the Dy<sup>3+</sup> ions in the CaF<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals. Intense white light has been observed when the samples are excited with 451 nm laser light. From the visible emission spectra, yellow to blue intensity ratios and the chromaticity color coordinates have been determined. All the color coordinates are found to lie in the white light region of the chromaticity color diagram.</P>
An Efficient Semantic Ranked Keyword Search of Big Data Using Map Reduce
P. Srinivasa Rao,M.H.M. Krishna Prasad,K. Thammi Reddy 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.6
Information retrieval is fast becoming the prevailing form of information access, surpassing traditional database style searching. Ontologies have become the tool of choice employed in many information retrieval systems and more prominently in semantic information retrieval. In order to overcome the disadvantages in key word based information retrieval systems, which transfer irrelevant information, ontology has been designed. A system with ontology mimics the real world, where every task is laced with certain meaning as this is basic idea behind knowledge processing. Hadoop, which is an open source frame work for storing and processing large datasets, is used for pre-processing the text documents. First, a set of text documents are considered. Pre-processing is performed on a large domain of data using Hadoop MapReduce. This includes the removal of the stop words along with stemming and excluding less frequency words. Despite this pre-processing, owing to the colossal number of index terms still floating in the considered domain data, the problem of high dimensionality is encountered. Therefore the dimensionality of such a group of terms is reduced by identifying it as a concept and those concepts can be viewed as a single dimension in a ontology based information retrieval system. Now ontology is constructed by assigning synonym set to each concept in this structure using tools like word net. Thus constructed ontology can be mapped on to the processed query which gives us the relevant information from the data pool considered.
Annealing Temperature Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Cu-Zn Nanoferrites
P. Venkata Srinivasa Rao,T. Anjaneyulu,M. Rami Reddy 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.72 No.5
The effect of annealing temperature on the structural and the magnetic properties of Ni0.5Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2O4 (Ni−Cu−Zn) nanoferrites synthesized using an oxalic-based precursor method was investigated in detail. A single phase of the Ni−Cu−Zn ferrite was observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. From the XRD analysis, the grain size was found to increase with increasing annealing temperature from 500 to 800 °C whereas the lattice constant was found to decrease. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed nanosize grains in the prepared samples. The magnetization analysis showed that the saturation magnetization (Ms) increased with increasing annealing temperature due to the increasing grain size whereas the coercivity (Hc) and the remanence magnetization (Mr) showed decreasing behaviors. The Curie temperature (TC) was measured for all samples. As the grain size increased the Curie temperature was also observed to increase. For these samples, the Curie temperatures lies between 426 K to 504 K. The dielectric constant (ε') was observed to be higher for these samples. The dielectric loss tangent increase slowly with increasing frequency till a particular frequency, after that it slowly decreased. Therefore the annealing temperature was observed to have a significant effect on the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of synthesized Ni−Cu−Zn ferrite.
M. Srinivasa Rao,O. Shaila,P. Sreelakshmi,S. Vennila,M. Vanaja,A.V.M. Subba Rao,M. Maheswari,K. Sammi Reddy 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
Experiments were conducted to understand the direct and indirect effects of temperature and elevated CO2 (eCO2), on tritrophic interactions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata L.), legume aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and coccinellid predator Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. Reduction of the leaf nitrogen (6%), amino acid (6%) and protein (7%) of cowpea foliage with increased carbon (13%) and C:N ratio (21%) at eCO2 over aCO2 indicated the dilution of biochemical constituents at first trophic level. Shortened development time, DT and increment of reproductive rate, RR at eCO2 over ambient CO2(aCO2)was significant with increase in temperature from 20 to 35 °C. Reduction of the mean degree day, DD requirement of both nymphal (75.79 ± 15.163) and adult stages (157.15 ± 67.04) at eCO2 over aCO2 and same was reflected in the summation DD for both the stages at eCO2 (232.96 ± 80.32)and aCO2 (247.07 ± 64.77) across six temperatures. The ‘rm’ and ‘Ro’ increased gradually with increase in temperature followed the non-linear trend and reached maximum values at 27 °C with shortened ‘T’ across 20 to 35 °C temperatures at eCO2 indicating the significant variation of growth and development at the second trophic level. Decreased grub duration (23%) with increased predation capacity (19%) of M. sexmaculatus on A. craccivora at eCO2 over ambient was noted, indicating the incidence of A. craccivora is likely to be higher with increased predation in the future climate change scenario.
Low Pull-in-Voltage RF-MEMS Shunt Switch for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications
P. Ashok Kumar,K. Srinivasa Rao,B. Balaji,M. Aditya,N. P. Maity,Reshmi Maity,Santanu Maity,Ameen El Sinawi,Koushik Guha,K. Girija Sravani 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.6
RF MEMS switches have been employed in many commercial and defense applications due to their high potentiality at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. In this paper, an RF MEMS shunt switch is designed with perforations and without perforations and simulated using iterative meanders for millimeter wave 5G applications. The proposed iterative meander offers a low spring-constant of 0.68 N/m and reduces the pull-in-voltage upto 1.8 V. The proposed perforated switch design is more reliable which operates with less transition time of 11.2 μs with a quality factor of 1.69. The switch possesses high capacitance ratio of 63. During ON condition, the switch shows low insertion loss of − 0.24 dB at 41 GHz and high isolation of − 46.7 dB at 38 GHz. The performance of the switch is analyzed by simulating it using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2v (FEM tool). The obtained simulation results shows close approximation with the theoretical results and the switch is efficiently used for 5G millimeter wave applications.