Trace element dynamics of biosolids-derived microbeads

Wijesekara, Hasintha,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Bradney, Lauren,Obadamudalige, Nadeeka,Seshadri, Balaji,Kunhikrishnan, Anitha,Dharmarajan, Rajarathnam,Ok, Yong Sik,Rinklebe, Jö,rg,Kirkham, M.B.,Vithanage, M Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.199 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study focused on quantifying and characterising microbeads in biosolids (i.e., treated sewage sludge), and in examining interactions of microbeads with trace elements when biosolids are added to soil. Under laboratory conditions, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption of Cu onto pure and surface modified microbeads suspended in soil. The ecotoxicity of microbead-metal complexes to soil microbial activities was also investigated by monitoring basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity. Concentrations of the microbeads were 352, 146, 324, and 174 particles kg<SUP>−1</SUP> biosolids for ≤50, 50–100, 100–250, 250–1000 μm size fractions, respectively. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images illustrated wrinkled and fractured surfaces due to degradation. The adsorption of dissolved organic matter onto microbeads was confirmed through FT-IR microscopy, while using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) the presence of trace metals including Cd (2.34 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP>), Cu (180.64 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP>), Ni (12.69 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP>), Pb (1.17 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP>), Sb (14.43 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP>), and Zn (178.03 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP>) was revealed. Surface modified microbeads were capable of adsorbing Cu compared to the pure microbeads, which may be attributed to the complexation of Cu with dissolved organic matter associated with the microbeads in the matrix. It was further revealed that the biosolids derived microbead-metal complexes decreased soil respiration (up to ∼ 26%) and dehydrogenase activity (up to ∼ 39%). Hence, microbeads reaching biosolids during wastewater treatment are likely to serve as a vector for trace element contamination, transportation, and toxicity when biosolids are applied to soil.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biosolids are a major source for microbeads in soil. </LI> <LI> A first-time study on microbial toxicity of biosolids-derived microbeads. </LI> <LI> Microbeads serve as a vector for transportation of trace elements in soil. </LI> <LI> Dissolved organic matter enhanced the adsorption of trace elements by microbeads. </LI> <LI> Microbeads decreased microbial respiration and dehydrogenase activity in soil. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Electrochemical determination of semicarbazide on cobalt oxide nanoparticles: Implication towards environmental monitoring

Balaji B. Mulik,Ajay V. Munde,Raviraj P. Dighole,Bhaskar R. Sathe 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.93 No.-

The electrochemical determination of semicarbazide (SCB) executed by using cobalt oxide (Co3O4)nanoparticle modified electrode which was fabricated by using simple precipitation method. The assynthesizednanoparticles have been well characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Furrier transforminfra-red (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic techniques, energy dispersive analysis of X-ray(EDAX), BET surface area, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and transmission electron microscopic (TEM)techniques. The XRD shows face centred cubic (FCC) structure, the FTIR demonstrated a major bandsappeared at 574 cm 1 and 669 cm 1 are suggesting the (Co-O) vibrational mode of Co3O4. The TEM ofCo3O4 NPs has been confirmed its ultra-small particle size is of2 nm 0.5 nm. Whereas, EDAX showsthe only cobalt and oxygen are available confirms Co3O4 having high BET surface area. The fabricatedCo3O4 acted as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of SCB by using linearSweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in0.5 M KOH solution. Significantly, anodic onset potential observed at 0.2 V vs. SCE, linear range of scanrate and concentration (1 mM–100 mM) with (LOD 0.13 and LOQ 0.46) and high current and potentialstability with pH dependent behaviour confirms Co3O4 based electrocatalytic system is good for oxidativedetermination of SCB. The selectivity of the sensor also tested by using mixture of other environmentalactive species with SCB by using LSV measurements. This proposed system is applicable in food andpharmaceutical industries for the determination of SCB as an amperometric sensor.

1-Butyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Hydrogen Sulphate Promoted One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols

Suryakant B. Sapkal,Kiran F. Shelke,Balaji R. Madje,Bapurao B. Shingate,Murlidhar S. Shingare 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.12

An efficient and easy method for one-pot three-component synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols by the condensation of aromatic/heteroaromatic/aliphatic aldehydes, 2-naphthol and amides or urea under thermal condition at 60 °C in the presence of acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ([bmim]HSO4) has been described.

Performance-based remaining life assessment of reinforced concrete bridge girders

M. B. Anoop,K. Balaji Rao,B. K. Raghuprasad 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2016 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.18 No.1

Performance-based remaining life assessment of reinforced concrete bridge girders subject to chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement, is addressed in this paper. Towards this, a methodology that takes into consideration the human judgmental aspects in expert decision making regarding condition state assessment is proposed. The condition of the bridge girder is specified by the assignment of a condition state from a set of predefined condition states, considering both serviceability- and ultimate- limit states, and, the performance of the bridge girder is described using performability measure. A non-homogeneous Markov chain is used for modelling the stochastic evolution of condition state of the bridge girder with time. The thinking process of the expert in condition state assessment is modelled within a probabilistic framework using Brunswikian theory and probabilistic mental models. The remaining life is determined as the time over which the performance of the girder is above the required performance level. The usefulness of the methodology is illustrated through the remaining life assessment of a reinforced concrete T-beam bridge girder.

1-Butyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Hydrogen Sulphate Promoted One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols

Sapkal, Suryakant B.,Shelke, Kiran F.,Madje, Balaji R.,Shingate, Bapurao B.,Shingare, Murlidhar S. Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.12

An efficient and easy method for one-pot three-component synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols by the condensation of aromatic/heteroaromatic/aliphatic aldehydes, 2-naphthol and amides or urea under thermal condition at $60^{\circ}C$ in the presence of acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ([bmim]$HSO_4$) has been described.

Experimental Investigations to Deploy Green Manufacturing through Reduction of Waste Using Lean Tools in Electrical Components Manufacturing Company

Logesh B.,Balaji M. 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.2

Lean Manufacturing tool promises product quality and assures the effective way of product production and processing. This research provides continuous involvement of lean manufacturing in all stages of the production process in identifying and eliminating waste. Electrical components manufacturing involves hazardous chemical powder molding at high pressure to produce electrical switches and switchboards. This Manufacturing process involves risk for employees and the environment. Green manufacturing is the process of manufacturing and developing eco-friendly products that do not harm customers, employees and using it. Green manufacturing emphasis on environmental pollution such as wastewater management and supply, environmental protection, pollution control, regulatory compliance, recycling of wastes and other issues associated with it. Research explains the effect of green manufacturing in the electrical component manufacturing industry after the implementation of lean tools. The Relationship between lean waste and the effect of such wastes on green practices is detailed in this study. This clearly shows that, if lean wastes are reduced during manufacturing, effects on the green environment can be reduced and thus green manufacturing is attained.

Prediction of negative peak wind pressures on roofs of low-rise building

K. Balaji Rao,M.B. Anoop,P. Harikrishna,S. Selvi Rajan,Nagesh R. Iyer 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.6

In this paper, a probability distribution which is consistent with the observed phenomenon at the roof corner and, also on other portions of the roof, of a low-rise building is proposed. The model is consistent with the choice of probability density function suggested by the statistical thermodynamics of open systems and turbulence modelling in fluid mechanics. After presenting the justification based on physical phenomenon and based on statistical arguments, the fit of alpha-stable distribution for prediction of extreme negative wind pressure coefficients is explored. The predictions are compared with those actually observed during wind tunnel experiments (using wind tunnel experimental data obtained from the aerodynamic database of Tokyo Polytechnic University), and those predicted by using Gumbel minimum and Hermite polynomial model. The predictions are also compared with those estimated using a recently proposed non-parametric model in regions where stability criterion (in skewness-kurtosis space) is satisfied. From the comparisons, it is noted that the proposed model can be used to estimate the extreme peak negative wind pressure coefficients. The model has an advantage that it is consistent with the physical processes proposed in the literature for explaining large fluctuations at the roof corners.

Ethanolic extract of Amaranthus paniculatus Linn. ameliorates diabetes-associated complications in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Rajesh B. Nawale,Ganesh S. Mate,Balaji S. Wakure 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.1

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory potentials of ethanolic extract of leaves of Amaranthus paniculatus linn. (EEAP) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats scientifically. Hyperglycemia induces the generation of free radicals which can affect antioxidant defenses, thus leading to the disruption of beta cellular functions, oxidative damage to membranes, leading to the release of C-reactive protein and altered lipid metabolism. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ice-cold aqueous alloxan monohydrate at the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Results: After a daily single oral administration of the EEAP for 28 days starting from the study protocol, the blood glucose, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed. The results obtained from the study administration of daily dose of EEAP significantly reduced the blood glucose, SGPT, SGOT, TC, TG, and CRP in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained were comparable to those of glibenclamide. The serum levels of TC, TG, and CRP were significantly altered in the diabetic control group, but it was significantly decreased in the extract-treated group and standard glibenclamide-treated group, except at a dose of 100 mg/kg where there was no significant effect on the TG level. The finding obtained suggests that EEAP acts through molecular level, modifying the altered pathways in diabetes and associated complications. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that EEAP possesses a potential for the management of diabetes and associated complications in experimentally-induced diabetic rats.

Modelling of strains in reinforced concrete flexural members using alpha-stable distribution

K. Balaji Rao,M. B. Anoop,K. Kesavan,S. R. Balasubramanian,K. Ravisankar,Nagesh R. Iyer 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2013 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.11 No.5

Large fluctuations in surface strain at the level of steel are expected in reinforced concrete flexural members at a given stage of loading due to the emergent structure (emergence of new crack patterns). This has been identified in developing deterministic constitutive models for finite element applications in Ibrahimbegovic et al. (2010). The aim of this paper is to identify a suitable probability distribution for describing the large deviations at far from equilibrium points due to emergent structures, based on phenomenological, thermodynamic and statistical considerations. Motivated by the investigations reported by Prigogine (1978) and Rubi (2008), distributions with heavy tails (namely, alpha-stable distributions) are proposed for modeling the variations in strain in reinforced concrete flexural members to account for the large fluctuations. The applicability of alpha-stable distributions at or in the neighborhood of far from equilibrium points is examined based on the results obtained from carefully planned experimental investigations, on seven reinforced concrete flexural members. It is found that alpha-stable distribution performs better than normal distribution for modeling the observed surface strains in reinforced concrete flexural members at these points.

Prediction of negative peak wind pressures on roofs of low-rise building

Rao, K. Balaji,Anoop, M.B.,Harikrishna, P.,Rajan, S. Selvi,Iyer, Nagesh R. Techno-Press 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.6

In this paper, a probability distribution which is consistent with the observed phenomenon at the roof corner and, also on other portions of the roof, of a low-rise building is proposed. The model is consistent with the choice of probability density function suggested by the statistical thermodynamics of open systems and turbulence modelling in fluid mechanics. After presenting the justification based on physical phenomenon and based on statistical arguments, the fit of alpha-stable distribution for prediction of extreme negative wind pressure coefficients is explored. The predictions are compared with those actually observed during wind tunnel experiments (using wind tunnel experimental data obtained from the aerodynamic database of Tokyo Polytechnic University), and those predicted by using Gumbel minimum and Hermite polynomial model. The predictions are also compared with those estimated using a recently proposed non-parametric model in regions where stability criterion (in skewness-kurtosis space) is satisfied. From the comparisons, it is noted that the proposed model can be used to estimate the extreme peak negative wind pressure coefficients. The model has an advantage that it is consistent with the physical processes proposed in the literature for explaining large fluctuations at the roof corners.