Production of Hepatotoxin by the Cyanobacterium Scytonema sp . Strain BT 23

(Kumar),(Ashok),(D . P . Singh),(M . B . Tyagi),(Arvind Kumar),(E . G . Prasuna),(J . K . Thakur) 한국미생물생명공학회 2000 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.10 No.3

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Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction and Anti-Metastatic Potential of Oroxylum indicum in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Kumar, D.R. Naveen,George, V. Cijo,Suresh, P.K.,Kumar, R. Ashok Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6

Despite clinical advances in anticancer therapy, there is still a need for novel anticancer metabolites, with higher efficacy and lesser side effects. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. is a small tree of the Bignoniaceae family which is well known for its food and medicinal properties. In present study, the chemopreventive properties of O. indicum hot and cold non-polar extracts (petroleum ether and chloroform) were investigated with MDA-MB-231 (cancer cells) and WRL-68 (non-tumor cells) by XTT assay. All the extracts, and particularly the petroleum ether hot extract (PHO), exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 when compared to WRL-68 cells. PHO was then tested for apoptosis induction in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (MDA-MB-231) and ER-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells by cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA, where it proved more efficient in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, when PHO was tested for anti-metastatic potential in a cell migration inhibition assay, it exhibited beneficial effects. Thus non-polar extracts of O. indicum (especially PHO) can effectively target ER-negative breast cancer cells to induce apoptosis, without harming normal cells by cancer-specific cytotoxicity. Hence, it could be considered as an extract with candidate precursors to possibly harness or alleviate ER-negative breast cancer progression even in advanced stages of malignancy.

Quantitative Assessment of the Relative Antineoplastic Potential of the n-butanolic Leaf Extract of Annona Muricata Linn. in Normal and immortalized Human Cell Lines

George, V. Cijo,Kumar, D.R. Naveen,Rajkumar, V.,Suresh, P.K.,Kumar, R. Ashok Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

Natural products have been the target for cancer therapy for several years but there is still a dearth of information on potent compounds that may protect normal cells and selectively destroy cancerous cells. The present study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of n-butanolic leaf extract of $Annona$ $muricata$ L. on WRL-68 (normal human hepatic cells), MDA-MB-435S (human breast carcinoma cells) and HaCaT (human immortalized keratinocyte cells) lines by XTT assay. Prior to cytotoxicity testing, the extract was subjected to phytochemical screening for detecting the presence of compounds with therapeutic potential. Their relative antioxidant properties were evaluated using the reducing power and $DPPH^*$radical scavenging assay. Since most of the observed chemo-preventive potential invariably correlated with the amount of total phenolics present in the extract, their levels were quantified and identified by HPLC analysis. Correlation studies indicated a strong and significant (P<0.05) positive correlation of phenolic compounds with free radical scavenging potential. The results revealed that the extract was moderately cytotoxic to normal cells with a mean IC50 value of 52.4 ${\mu}g$ when compared with those obtained for cancerous cells (IC50 values of 29.2 ${\mu}g$ for MDA-MB-435S and 30.1 ${\mu}g$ for HaCaT respectively). The study confirms the presence of therapeutically active antineoplastic compounds in the n-butanolic leaf extract of $Annona$ $muricata$. Isolation of the active metabolites from the extract is in prospect.

Instant biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using <i>Lawsonia inermis</i> leaf extract: Innate catalytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

Ajitha, B.,Reddy, Y. Ashok Kumar,Reddy, P. Sreedhara,Suneetha, Y.,Jeon, Hwan-Jin,Ahn, Chi Won Elsevier 2016 Journal of molecular liquids Vol.219 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>New and innovative strategies are of potential interest for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are used in huge range of consumer products. The present work is focused on bio-fabrication of AgNPs in single step employing <I>Lawsonia inermis</I> and evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic properties. The prepared AgNPs are highly stable and monitored through UV–Vis spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns proved the crystalline nature of AgNPs with face-centered cubic (fcc) geometry. Morphological images confirm the uniform distribution of spherical nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) result expounds the functional groups of a leaf extract responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ions and their interaction between them. The synthesized AgNPs show potent catalytic activity in the degradation of anthropogenic pollutant (4-nitrophenol) by excess of NaBH<SUB>4</SUB>. The biosynthesized AgNPs seem to exhibit effective antibacterial, antifungal properties and further more possess potent antioxidant and DNA protective activities. At last, the current study illustrated the potential use of <I>L. inermis</I> as a novel source for AgNPs synthesis and their pronounced applicability in biomedical field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Lawsonia inermis</I> is an exceptional sink for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> Biomolecules of leaf extract are found to play active role in AgNPs formation. </LI> <LI> Zeta potential value attested the higher stability of biosynthesized AgNPs. </LI> <LI> Potent catalytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities are perceived. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Investigations on magnetic and electrical properties of Zn doped Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their correlation with local electronic structures

Kumar, Parmod,Sharma, Vikas,Singh, Jitendra P.,Kumar, Ashish,Chahal, Surjeet,Sachdev, K.,Chae, K.H.,Kumar, Ashok,Asokan, K.,Kanjilal, D. Elsevier 2019 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.489 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Present work aims at investigating the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of zinc doped Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles (pure, 10%, 20% & 30%) and correlated with their local electronic structures using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements infer that doping of Zn cations lead to the formation of secondary phases corresponding to ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> along with the hematite phase of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. Magnetic measurements show that magnetization vs magnetic field curve for 10% Zn doping exhibit maximum saturation magnetization (~2.93 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> emu/g) as well as the coercivity (~956 Oe). The values of these parameters decrease for higher content of Zn. The temperature dependence of dielectric behaviour follows the same trend as that of the lattice parameter and magnetic measurements. The XANES spectra at Fe L- and Fe K-edges indicate partial reduction of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> ions into Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> upon Zn doping in the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> lattice. However, divalent state is favourable for Zn (i.e. Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>) within the doping range reported in this study.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Zn doped Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> Study of magnetic and electrical properties. </LI> <LI> Correlation of magnetic and electrical properties with local electronic structure. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Pragmatic Approach of CRUD in Dynamic Composition of Web Services

Ashok Kumar P.S.,Gopal Krishna C. 한국산학기술학회 2012 SmartCR Vol.2 No.6

The Composition of semantic web services coordinates various web services into one complex service. The Ontology is Knowledge based management system. OWL (Web Ontology Language) has machine interpretability with Web contents, so OWL is highly supported by XML and RDF. OWL will provide additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics. CRUD will provide the persistent storage for all real world entities (objects) in repositories. In semantic web technology the CRUD operations are performed in the repositories to extend the search operations of specific items in the retail management system. In this paper we are confronting an approach to carry out CRUD operations in the Dynamic Composition of web services in retail management system. The Sample application in this paper is apparently based on the automatic object - ontology mapping with form generation by different party’s or suppliers. Finally this paper explains the development and privileges of CRUD operations in dynamic Composition of web services that to in retail management system.

Low Pull-in-Voltage RF-MEMS Shunt Switch for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications

P. Ashok Kumar,K. Srinivasa Rao,B. Balaji,M. Aditya,N. P. Maity,Reshmi Maity,Santanu Maity,Ameen El Sinawi,Koushik Guha,K. Girija Sravani 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.6

RF MEMS switches have been employed in many commercial and defense applications due to their high potentiality at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. In this paper, an RF MEMS shunt switch is designed with perforations and without perforations and simulated using iterative meanders for millimeter wave 5G applications. The proposed iterative meander offers a low spring-constant of 0.68 N/m and reduces the pull-in-voltage upto 1.8 V. The proposed perforated switch design is more reliable which operates with less transition time of 11.2 μs with a quality factor of 1.69. The switch possesses high capacitance ratio of 63. During ON condition, the switch shows low insertion loss of − 0.24 dB at 41 GHz and high isolation of − 46.7 dB at 38 GHz. The performance of the switch is analyzed by simulating it using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2v (FEM tool). The obtained simulation results shows close approximation with the theoretical results and the switch is efficiently used for 5G millimeter wave applications.

Design Analysis of Amended PIFA with Ferrite Sheet Attachment for SAR Reduction in Human Head

P. Ashok Kumar,Ch. R. Phani Kumar 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.2

The public's growing awareness of the negative impacts of high-volume temperature fluctuations has led to a marked rise in the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). In existing techniques, the SAR value is high and more expensive. To overcome this issue, an Amended Planar Inverted F-antenna (PIFA) with Ferrite Sheet Attachment for SAR Reduction in Human Head has been introduced to reduce SAR value. The antenna receives power from the grounded end and Simulated Magnetic Rods (SMR) are utilized in the antenna to lower SAR values. The PIFA and SMR face major difficulties due to their low reliability and bandwidth. Hence, Radiating Blotch is implemented within the antenna to increase bandwidth and dependability. The SAR reduction is increased and various parameters are produced when the header model is simulated using ANSYS HFSS. Overall, the performance with and without a ferrite sheet comparing the analysis for SAR reduction with various parameters.

Anomalous Event Detection in Traffic Video Based on Sequential Temporal Patterns of Spatial Interval Events

( Ashok Kumar P. M ),( Vaidehi. V ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.1

Detection of anomalous events from video streams is a challenging problem in many video surveillance applications. One such application that has received significant attention from the computer vision community is traffic video surveillance. In this paper, a Lossy Count based Sequential Temporal Pattern mining approach (LC-STP) is proposed for detecting spatio-temporal abnormal events (such as a traffic violation at junction) from sequences of video streams. The proposed approach relies mainly on spatial abstractions of each object, mining frequent temporal patterns in a sequence of video frames to form a regular temporal pattern. In order to detect each object in every frame, the input video is first pre-processed by applying Gaussian Mixture Models. After the detection of foreground objects, the tracking is carried out using block motion estimation by the three-step search method. The primitive events of the object are represented by assigning spatial and temporal symbols corresponding to their location and time information. These primitive events are analyzed to form a temporal pattern in a sequence of video frames, representing temporal relation between various object`s primitive events. This is repeated for each window of sequences, and the support for temporal sequence is obtained based on LC-STP to discover regular patterns of normal events. Events deviating from these patterns are identified as anomalies. Unlike the traditional frequent item set mining methods, the proposed method generates maximal frequent patterns without candidate generation. Furthermore, experimental results show that the proposed method performs well and can detect video anomalies in real traffic video data.

Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolextract of Artanema sesamoides Benth roots in animal models

Malaya Gupta,UK Mazumder,V Thamil Selvan,L Manikandan,Senthilkumar GP,R Suresh,P Gomathi,B Ashok Kumar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.2

The methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides Family Scrophuilariaceae (MEAS) was investigated for possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals. Three models were used to study the extract effects on nociception, which were acetic acid-induced writhing response, hot-plate method and the tail flick test in mice. The antiinflammatory effects were evaluated using carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin induced rat paw oedema (acute) and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. Results of the study revealed that the extract exhibited significant (P < 0.001) analgesic effect at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w p.o in mice in all the models. In acute model, the MEAS also exhibited significant (P < 0.001) antiinflammatory effect in all the above mentioned doses. In chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the MEAS 200 mg/kg and indomethacin 10 mg/kg showed that inhibition of granuloma formation 25.0% and 47.7% respectively (P < 0.001). The MEAS and indomethacin were effectively preventing the transudation of the fluid. Thus, the present study revealed that the methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides exhibited significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. The methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides Family Scrophuilariaceae (MEAS) was investigated for possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals. Three models were used to study the extract effects on nociception, which were acetic acid-induced writhing response, hot-plate method and the tail flick test in mice. The antiinflammatory effects were evaluated using carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin induced rat paw oedema (acute) and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. Results of the study revealed that the extract exhibited significant (P < 0.001) analgesic effect at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w p.o in mice in all the models. In acute model, the MEAS also exhibited significant (P < 0.001) antiinflammatory effect in all the above mentioned doses. In chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the MEAS 200 mg/kg and indomethacin 10 mg/kg showed that inhibition of granuloma formation 25.0% and 47.7% respectively (P < 0.001). The MEAS and indomethacin were effectively preventing the transudation of the fluid. Thus, the present study revealed that the methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides exhibited significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity.