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O'Neil, Colleen E.,Taylor, Scott,Ratnayake, Kumuditha,Pullagurla, Swathi,Singh, Varshni,Soper, Steven A. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 The Analyst Vol.141 No.24
<P>The ethylene/norbornene content within cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is well known to affect the chemical and physical properties of the copolymer, such as the glass transition temperature (<I>T</I>g) and transparency. However, no work has been reported evaluating the effects of the ethylene/norbornene content on the surface properties of COC following UV/O3 or O2 plasma activation. Activation with either O2 plasma or UV/O3 is often used to assist in thermal assembly of fluidic devices, increasing the wettability of the surfaces, or generating functional scaffolds for the attachment of biological elements. Thus, we investigated differences in the physiochemical surface properties of various ethylene/norbornene compositions of COC following activation using analytical techniques such as water contact angle (WCA), ATR-FTIR, XPS, TOF-SIMS, UV-VIS, AFM and a colorimetric assay utilizing Toluidine Blue O (TBO). Results showed that increased norbornene content led to the generation of more oxygen containing functionalities such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and carboxyl groups when activated with either UV/O3 or O2 plasma. Specifically, COC with ∼60% norbornene content showed a significantly higher -COOH functional group density when compared to COC with a 50% norbornene content and COC with a 35% norbornene content following UV/O3 or O2 plasma activation. Furthermore, COC with large norbornene contents showed a smaller average RMS roughness (0.65 nm) when compared to COC containing low norbornene contents (0.95 nm) following activation making this substrate especially suited for nanofluidic applications, which require smooth surfaces to minimize effects arising from dielectrophoretic trapping or non-specific adsorption. Although all COC substrates showed >90% transparency at wavelengths >475 nm, COC possessing high norbornene contents showed significantly less transparency at wavelengths below 475 nm following activation, making optical detection in this region difficult. Our data showed distinct physiochemical differences in activated COC that was dependent upon the ethylene/norbornene content of the thermoplastic and thus, careful selection of the particular COC grade must be considered for micro- and nanofluidics.</P>
Neil Robert O’Morain,Helen O’Donovan,Caroline Conlon,Eileen Shannon,Diarmuid Manning,Eoin Slattery 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.4
Background/Aims: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare acquired vascular lesion of the gastric antrum. The most frequentpresentation of GAVE is iron deficiency anemia. Endoscopic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. However, there is no consensusregarding the optimal treatment modality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with GAVE, including patients receiving endoscopic therapy. Treatment was with either argon plasma coagulation (APC) or endoscopic band ligation (EBL). Basic demographic data, indicationfor index procedure, number of sessions, and pre- and post-hemoglobin levels were collected. The aim of the study was to compareoutcomes across the two treatment modalities. Results: One hundred and seventeen diagnoses of GAVE were made. Sixty-two patients (53%) required endoscopic treatment forsymptomatic GAVE (female, n=38, 61%; mean age of 74.4 years). Two hundred and eighteen procedures were performed duringthe study period. APC was performed (n=161, 74%) more frequently than EBL (n=57, 26%). Patients treated with APC at indexrequired a median 5 subsequent therapeutic interventions (APC or EBL), while those treated with EBL at index required a further 2.9treatments (EBL only) (p<0.05). Conclusions: APC was the most common treatment modality employed. We demonstrate an increasing incidence of EBL. Patientstreated with EBL at index treatment required fewer subsequent treatment sessions and had a greater mean rise in hemoglobin. Thissuggests a more effective endoscopic response with EBL.
Kim, S.T.,Kang, J.O.,Yun, S.T.,O'Neil, J.R.,Mucci, A. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 Geochimica et cosmochimica acta Vol.73 No.15
Rhodochrosite crystals were precipitated from Na-Mn-Cl-HCO<SUB>3</SUB> parent solutions following passive, forced and combined passive-to-forced CO<SUB>2</SUB> degassing methods. Forced and combined passive-to-forced CO<SUB>2</SUB> degassing produced rhodochrosite crystals with a small non-equilibrium oxygen isotope effect whereas passive CO<SUB>2</SUB> degassing protocols yielded rhodochrosite in apparent isotopic equilibrium with water. On the basis of the apparent equilibrium isotopic data, a new temperature-dependent relation is proposed for the oxygen isotope fractionation between rhodochrosite and water between 10 and 40<SUP>o</SUP>C: 1000lnα<SUB>rhodochrosite-water</SUB>=17.84+/-0.18(10<SUP>3</SUP>/T)-30.24+/-0.62 or 1000lnα<SUB>rhodochrosite-water</SUB>=2.65+/-0.03(10<SUP>6</SUP>/T<SUP>2</SUP>)-0.26+/-0.35 where α<SUB>rhodochrosite-water</SUB> is the fractionation factor between rhodochrosite and water, and T is in kelvins. Over the temperature range investigated, rhodochrosite concentrates <SUP>18</SUP>O relative to both calcite and aragonite, a result that is consistent with the relative ionic radii of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> and recent theoretical calculations.
Dermot O'Kane,Frank T D'Arcy,Nathan Papa,Neil Smith,Scott McClintock,Nathan Lawrentschuk,Damien M Bolton 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2
Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard imaging modality for the diagnosis and follow-up of urolithiasis. Before the use of CT, intravenous urography (IVU) was the imaging modality of choice. CT remains contentious because of the cancer risk related to radiation exposure above a threshold level. We aimed to compare the radiation exposure dose to the average patient with urolithiasis in the era of CT with that of IVU. Materials and Methods: Our hospital medical records database was searched for patients who presented to the Emergency Department over a 1-month period in 1990 with a diagnosis of renal colic. Patients with the same presentation, from the same month, in 2013 were also identified. A total of 14 patients from each year fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The estimated effective radiation exposure dose for each patient was calculated by using data from population-based studies. Results: The median effective radiation dose per patient in the 1990 group, for initial diagnosis and subsequent follow-up, was 4.05 mSv (interquartile range [IQR], 3.7–4.4 mSv). The corresponding median dose in the 2013 group was 4.2 mSv (IQR, 4.2–4.9 mSv), and there was no evidence of a statistical difference between the groups (p=0.8). Conclusions: Despite the contentiousness related to the use of serial CT scanning, our study demonstrated that for radiological investigation and follow-up of urolithiasis, the estimated effective radiation exposure dose to each patient is only marginally higher than in the era of IVU, with improvements in length of hospital stay and time to definitive diagnosis.