Political Stability and FDI in Nepal

Surya Nepal,박세운 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.5

The objective of this research is to empirically assess the relationship between political stability and FDI inflows in the context of Nepal. Time series data for the period 1998-2016 is used in the study. This study uses a co-integration approach, bounds test, ARDL model, and Granger causality test. The empirical findings confirm the existence of a long run relationship between FDI and political stability. The results show that a 1% increase in FDI inflows results in a 0.14% increase in political stability in the long run. It implies that an increment of FDI inflows will help create political stability in Nepal. The coefficient in the short run is also significant. In addition, the result confirms bi-directional causality between political stability and FDI in Nepal. Only one of the indicators of the World Governance Indicators (WGI) that represents the political stability is taken into consideration in the study. This paper exclusively considers the case of Nepal in order to determine the relationship between political stability and FDI in Nepal.

ICT development in Nepal

Deepak Nepal Chhetri 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2007 No.-

The information technology revolution has been making significant impact in our daily life and changed landscape of human existence. IT industry maximize growth industry and demand of IT core professionals. As a result of rapid growth in highly skilled IT occupations, low unemployment rate and rising salaries etc. Multimedia technologies is one of the methods which can be used in teaching and learning activities, where both the instructors and learners can achieve importance of media-rich training material is increasing day-by-day. But do not forget the ultimate goal is to achieve learning objective.

[외국 BT맨의 한국사는 이야기] Korea: My First Foreign Country

Keshav Kumar Nepal 한국생물공학회 2009 BT NEWS Vol.16 No.1

An activator of PHD2, KRH102140, decreases angiogenesis via inhibition of HIF‐1<i>α</i>

Nepal, Manoj,Gong, Young‐,Dae,Park, Young Ran,Soh, Yunjo John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION Vol.29 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors (HIFs) play a pivotal role in the response of cells to hypoxia. HIFs are dimers of an oxygen‐sensitive <I>α</I>‐subunit (HIF‐1<I>α</I> or HIF‐2<I>α</I>), and a constitutively expressed <I>β</I>‐subunit. In normoxia, HIF‐1<I>α</I> is destabilized by post‐translational hydroxylation of Pro‐564 and Pro‐402 by a family of oxygen‐sensitive dioxygenases. Prolyl hydroxylation leads to von Hippel–Lindau protein‐dependent ubiquitination and rapid degradation of HIF‐1<I>α</I>. We previously reported that KRH102053, an activator of PHD2, rapidly decreased HIF‐1<I>α</I> and eventually inhibited angiogenesis. Here, we report a potent activator of PHD2, KRH102140, which has a structure similar to KRH102053. KRH102140 more efficiently suppressed HIF‐1<I>α</I> than KRH102053 in human osteosarcoma cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, KRH102140 decreased the mRNA levels of HIF‐regulated downstream target genes associated with angiogenesis and energy metabolism such as vascular endothelial growth factor, adrenomedullin, Glut1, aldolase A, enolase 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4. KRH102140 also inhibited tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelium cells. The results suggest that KRH102140 has potential therapeutic effects in alleviating various diseases associated with HIFs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in various diseases: a review

Nepal Mahesh Raj,Shah Sajita,강규태 대한약학회 2024 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.47 No.7

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that originate from bone marrow stem cells. In pathological conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, allergies, infections, and cancer, normal myelopoiesis is altered to facilitate the formation of MDSCs. MDSCs were fi rst shown to promote cancer initiation and progression by immunosuppression with the assistance of various chemokines and cytokines. Recently, various studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play two distinct roles depending on the physiological and pathological conditions. MDSCs have protective roles in autoimmune disorders (such as uveoretinitis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, type 1diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, infl ammatory bowel disease, alopecia areata, and systemic lupus erythematosus), allergies, and organ transplantation. However, they play negative roles in infections and various cancers. Several immunosuppressive functions and mechanisms of MDSCs have been determined in diff erent disease conditions. This review comprehensively discusses the associations between MDSCs and various pathological conditions and briefl y describes therapeutic approaches.

Risk-based optimum repair planning of corroded reinforced concrete structures

Nepal, Jaya,Chen, Hua-Peng Techno-Press 2015 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.2 No.2

Civil engineering infrastructure is aging and requires cost-effective maintenance strategies to enable infrastructure systems operate reliably and sustainably. This paper presents an approach for determining risk-cost balanced repair strategy of corrosion damaged reinforced concrete structures with consideration of uncertainty in structural resistance deterioration. On the basis of analytical models of cover concrete cracking evolution and bond strength degradation due to reinforcement corrosion, the effect of reinforcement corrosion on residual load carrying capacity of corroded reinforced concrete structures is investigated. A stochastic deterioration model based on gamma process is adopted to evaluate the probability of failure of structural bearing capacity over the lifetime. Optimal repair planning and maintenance strategies during the service life are determined by balancing the cost for maintenance and the risk of structural failure. The method proposed in this study is then demonstrated by numerical investigations for a concrete structure subjected to reinforcement corrosion. The obtained results show that the proposed method can provide a risk cost optimised repair schedule during the service life of corroded concrete structures.

A facile and rapid purification method for single-walled carbon nanotubes

Nepal, Dhriti,Kim, Dong Sik,Geckeler, Kurt E. Elsevier 2005 Carbon Vol.43 No.3

Anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity of Bavachinin by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α

Nepal, M.,Jung Choi, H.,Choi, B.Y.,Lim Kim, S.,Ryu, J.H.,Hee Kim, D.,Lee, Y.H.,Soh, Y. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 european journal of pharmacology Vol.691 No.1

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) consists of two subunits, the HIF-1β, which is constitutively expressed, and HIF-1α, which is oxygen-responsive. HIF-1α is over-expressed in response to hypoxia, increasing transcriptional activity linked to tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. This study aimed to demonstrate that the natural compound, Bavachinin, has potent anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Bavachinin inhibited increases in HIF-1α activity in human KB carcinoma (HeLa cell derivative) and human HOS osteosarcoma cells under hypoxia in a concentration-dependent manner, probably by enhancing the interaction between von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and HIF-1α. Furthermore, Bavachinin decreased transcription of genes associated with angiogenesis and energy metabolism that are regulated by HIF-1, such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), Glut 1 and Hexokinase 2. Bavachinin also inhibited tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as in vitro migration of KB cells. In vivo studies showed that injecting Bavachinin thrice weekly for four weeks significantly reduced tumor volume and CD31 expression in nude mice with KB xenografts. These data indicate that Bavachinin could be used as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

A simple <i>in chemico</i> method for testing skin sensitizing potential of chemicals using small endogenous molecules

Nepal, Mahesh Raj,Shakya, Rajina,Kang, Mi Jeong,Jeong, Tae Cheon Elsevier 2018 Toxicology letters Vol.289 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Among many of the validated methods for testing skin sensitization, direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) employs no cells or animals. Although no immune cells are involved in this assay, it reliably predicts the skin sensitization potential of a chemical <I>in chemico</I>. Herein, a new method was developed using endogenous small-molecular-weight compounds, cysteamine and glutathione, rather than synthetic peptides, to differentiate skin sensitizers from non-sensitizers with an accuracy as high as DPRA. The percent depletion of cysteamine and glutathione by test chemicals was measured by an HPLC equipped with a PDA detector. To detect small-size molecules, such as cysteamine and glutathione, a derivatization by 4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo) benzenesulfonyl chloride (DABS-Cl) was employed prior to the HPLC analysis. Following test method optimization, a cut-off criterion of 7.14% depletion was applied to differentiate skin sensitizers from non-sensitizers in combination of the ratio of 1:25 for cysteamine:test chemical with 1:50 for glutathione:test chemical for the best predictivity among various single or combination conditions. Although overlapping HPLC peaks could not be fully resolved for some test chemicals, high levels of sensitivity (100.0%), specificity (81.8%), and accuracy (93.3%) were obtained for 30 chemicals tested, which were comparable or better than those achieved with DPRA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An <I>in vitro</I> method to differentiate skin sensitizers and non-sensitizers is proposed by using cysteamine and glutathione. </LI> <LI> The study follows a simple covalent binding of a test chemical with low-molecular weight endogenous compounds. </LI> <LI> The proposed method presents sufficiently high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when compared with the existing methods. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Modulation of Cell Death and Survival by Adipokines in the Liver.

Nepal, Saroj,Park, Pil-Hoon Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2015 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.38 No.7

<P>Adipokines, hormones predominantly produced from adipose tissue, have been shown to impart dynamic functions in the liver. Emerging evidence has shown that adipokines are also involved in modulating liver cell survival and/or death. Among the various adipokines, adiponectin and leptin directly regulate proliferation of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, these adipokines control apoptosis and cell cycle of hepatic cancer cells in a complex manner. Adiponectin possesses both pro- and anti-proliferative properties, whereas leptin appears to play roles as a pro-survival hormone. Recent studies have revealed that regulation of cell death and proliferation is one of the critical factors regulating liver physiology by adipokines. In this review, we summarize the effects of adipokines on apoptosis and survival of liver cells and also demonstrate their implications in regulating various liver functions and decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms.</P>